Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Scully

Publications and source records attributed to C Scully.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Oral complications of cancer therapies: prevention and management.

There is no doubt that, when the oncology team includes a dentist, the risks of development of serious complications such as osteoradionecrosis are significantly reduced for the cancer patient [15,157,158]. Ideally, all patients should be rendered dentally fit before the commencement of cancer therapy. Those receiving radiotherapy should then be seen weekly by the dentist during the course of radiotherapy and approximately every 1-2 weeks during the intensive phases of treatment, if receiving chemotherapy or surgery. All patients should be carefully followed up after cancer therapy in order to minimize orofacial complications and be in a position to intervene at an early stage, when therapy is likely to be easier and more rapidly effective.

Dental Care↗
PubMed1996

Multiple hamartoma syndrome presenting with oral lesions.

Multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden's syndrome), a rare genodermatosis with predominant mucocutaneous features, particularly hamartomas, and Cowden/Lhermitte-Duclos disease, the combination of multiple hamartomas with cerebellar hypertrophy, typically present with cutaneous and oral papillomatosis as major features of both uncommon disorders. This article details the clinical features of three patients with multiple hamartoma syndrome and one with both disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Implantation of Candida albicans and other Candida species in the oral cavity of rats.

The carriage of five Candida species in the mouths of normal and sialoadenectomised rats was determined for periods up to 30 days after inoculation into the oral cavity. In both test and control animals, Candida albicans was the species recovered in greatest quantities at all periods, followed by C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. In contrast, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei were isolatable only in small numbers and only from the 1st up to the 5th day; they were not present thereafter. Sialoadenectomy favoured oral colonisation only by C. albicans (P < 0.05) and did not influence the carriage of the other species.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

Knowledge of and attitudes about blood-borne viruses and infection control in Brazilian dental practice.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there were any recent changes in hepatitis B immunisation of dental staff, infection control or understanding of viral infections in Brazilian dentists. DESIGN: A randomised survey was conducted on 740 dentists attending the National Dental Congress in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1994. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The 740 dentists were questioned as to the presence of various viruses in saliva, the perceived risks of dental staff and long-term sequelae, the availability and uptake of vaccines, willingness to treat virus-infected persons, and means of infection control. Nearly 69% of respondents were female dentists, of mean age 30 years. Results were compared with a similar survey from 1990. RESULTS: Most respondents knew that HIV and hepatitis viruses could appear in saliva and almost all knew of infective risks from hepatitis B (HBV), and the availability of the vaccine. Less than half knew of the association of HBV with liver cancer. There was a four-fold increase in those vaccinated against HBV since the low figure of 9% in 1990. Nearly two-thirds of respondents perceived an occupational risk to dental staff from HIV, and a similar proportion were also unwilling to treat virus-infected persons. A similar proportion also used chemical disinfection for some dental instruments. CONCLUSIONS: The results show little improvement over a 4-year period except a much greater proportion of dentists were immunised against HBV. However, still only one third of dentists had been vaccinated, in a country with a high prevalence of infection in the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Molecular analysis of microflora associated with dentoalveolar abscesses.

The microflora associated with three dentoalveolar abscesses was determined by cultural and molecular methods. 16S rRNA genes were randomly amplified by means of conserved eubacterial primers and cloned. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the clones and amplified genes encoding 16S rRNA from the cultured bacteria was used to detect putative unculturable bacteria. Clones representative of five predominant groups of uncultured organisms were sequenced. Two were identified as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella oris, and one was found to be closely related to Peptostreptococcus micros. The remaining two clones did not correspond to known, previously sequenced organisms. One was related to Zoogloea ramigera, a species of aerobic waterborne organisms, while the other was distantly related to the genus Prevotella. This study has demonstrated the possibility of the characterization of microflora associated with human infection by molecular methods without the inherent biases of culture.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Munchausen's syndrome: oral presentations.

Munchausen's syndrome is a rare psychiatric disorder in which patients repeatedly confabulate so as to cause unnecessary investigations and operative treatments to be carried out on them. Two cases are reported and the literature reviewed. The first patient complained of repeated dental pain and subsequently underwent repeated endodontic treatment; the second had salivary gland pain and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Munchausen's syndrome can only be diagnosed by the exclusion of organic and other disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Maxillary ameloblastoma: a retrospective study of 13 cases.

Ameloblastoma is uncommon in the maxilla, comprising about 15% of all reported ameloblastomas. Ameloblastomas are locally aggressive and, when involving the maxilla, potentially lethal. The long term outcome of 13 patients with ameloblastoma in the maxilla for whom surgery was the primary treatment between 1951-1990 was studied. Patient records from both private and public practices in Melbourne, Australia were examined as were those cases reported to the Bone Tumour Registry at the University of Bristol, England. The study showed that control of disease was achieved in all patients where the tumour was limited to the confines of the maxilla (10 cases). The mean follow-up period in this group was 7 years (range 2-20 years). In the three cases that recurred all had preoperative radiological evidence of posterior maxillary sinus wall destruction and/or pterygoid plate erosion. Two patients died of extensive local recurrence and one has persistence of the disease. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastoma in each case with a variety of histological patterns being noted. It is concluded that notwithstanding histological type, the extent of the tumour at presentation and the adequacy of the surgical approach and removal were the main factors in successfully managing the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Oral precancer: preventive and medical approaches to management.

Leukoplakias are among the most common potentially malignant oral lesions. Some are idiopathic, others are related to habits such as tobacco and/or alcohol use. Medical management includes reducing or abandoning these habits, increasing the intake of fruit and vegetables in the diet, and possibly the use of active agents. Retinoids, carotenoids and topical cytotoxic agents show promise, and newer therapies are on the horizon.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1995

European School of Oncology Advisory report to the European Commission for the Europe Against Cancer Programme: oral carcinogenesis in Europe.

A European School of Oncology Advisory Group has reviewed current knowledge on the epidemiology, treatment and prevention of cancer of the oral cavity. While the major factors in the aetiology of such cancers are thought to be well understood, i.e. tobacco and alcohol consumption, current increases in the occurrence of the disease, especially in young adults throughout Europe, are cause for concern. The reasons for such increases are not clearly evident and the Advisory Group has suggested further work which is required to be carried out to understand the aetiology. In treatment of the disease there have been no major improvements in survival for patients in recent decades and the importance of examining new radiotherapy modalities and defining the role of chemotherapy is emphasized. Primary prevention of oral cancer could be achieved by stopping smoking tobacco, limiting alcohol consumption to a minimum (2-3 drinks per day) and increasing intake of fruits and vegetables. To supplement these actions, while neither population screening programmes nor screening trials could be recommended by the Advisory Group, initial chemoprevention trials have produced some promising results and this represents an interesting area which is the focus of much current research.

Europe↗
PubMed1995

Emergence of azole drug resistance in Candida species from HIV-infected patients receiving prolonged fluconazole therapy for oral candidosis.

We examined the effect of different fluconazole treatment regimens on the emergence of azole drug resistance among Candida species recovered from the mouths of 54 HIV-infected individuals. Patients were assigned to one of three treatment groups depending on their history of oral candidosis and fluconazole use. Mouthwashes obtained at regular intervals were cultured and isolates identified using standard methods. Antifungal broth micro-dilution tests were performed to determine IC30s of fluconazole and ketoconazole. Sixty-four Candida albicans isolates from 20 patients with no evidence of oral candidosis who had not received fluconazole all had IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L. Thirty-four (83%) of 41 C. albicans isolates from ten patients receiving intermittent, short-term fluconazole treatment for oral candidosis had IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L, but only two isolates (5%) had IC30s > or = 64 mg/L. In contrast, 26 (40%) of 65 C. albicans isolates from 15 patients given long-term fluconazole (50-200 mg/day or 150 mg/week) were classified as resistant having IC30s of fluconazole of > or = 64 mg/L. Ten of these 26 fluconazole-resistant isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole with IC30s of < or = 4 mg/L suggesting azole drug cross-resistance is not inevitable. Tests on multiple colonies from individual isolation plates showed that it was not unusual to obtain differing IC30 values, indicating that a sweep inoculum is essential if resistance is to be detected. Nine (60%) of the 15 patients given long-term fluconazole harboured isolates of C. albicans that were resistant to fluconazole at some time during the study period. All had low CD4 counts and were approaching the final stage of their illness. Three patients on long-term treatment had resistant organisms at the outset of the study; in the remainder, resistant strains emerged during the study period. In six of the nine cases, emergence of resistance in vitro correlated with persistent clinical signs of oral infection. Thirty-six isolates of Candida species other than C. albicans were also recovered from patients receiving long-term fluconazole and 29 (81%) of these had IC30s of > or = 64 mg/L. Our experience with C. albicans in patients with HIV infection, suggests that the long-term azole drug use may be an important factor in the development of fluconazole resistance as such resistance was rare and transient in patients on intermittent short-term treatment.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1995

Mucocutaneous histoplasmosis in AIDS.

A 36-year-old man, who was an intravenous drug abuser, developed thoracic herpes zoster, paronychia, oral candidosis, necrotizing gingivitis and bilateral parotid salivary gland swelling. Granulomatous oral lesions and ulceration on the nose were shown to be due to disseminated histoplasmosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗