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Biomedical subjects

C Scully

Publications and source records attributed to C Scully.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Oral hairy leukoplakia: clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical significance.

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a lesion frequently, although not exclusively, observed in patients infected by human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). OHL is clinically characterized by bilateral, often elevated, white patches of the lateral borders and dorsum of the tongue. Histologically, there is profound acanthosis, sometimes with koilocytic changes, and a lack of a notable inflammatory infiltrate. The koilocytic changes are due to intense replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), while epithelial hyperplasia and acanthosis are likely to result from the combined action of the EBV-encoded proteins, latent membrane protein-1, and antiapoptotic BHRF1. How OHL is initiated and whether it develops after EBV reactivation from latency or superinfection remain unresolved; nevertheless, definitive diagnosis requires the demonstration of EBV replicating vegetatively in histological or cytological specimens. In patients with HIV infection, the development of OHL may herald severe HIV disease and the rapid onset of AIDS, but despite its title, OHL is not regarded as premalignant and is unlikely to give rise to oral squamous cell carcinoma.

HIV↗
PubMed1997

Breath odor: etiopathogenesis, assessment and management.

Oral malodor is a significant social disability which usually has a local cause, particularly arising from the oral flora. Malodor may arise from the lingual or periodontal flora, gram-negative anaerobes being the main organisms capable of releasing sulphur compounds from the putrefaction of debris and other material. Volatile sulphur compounds, cadaverine and other substances appear responsible for much of the malodor. Systemic disease may underlie some cases of oral malodor. The objective assessment of malodor is still best performed by the human sense of smell (organoleptic method) but more quantifiable measures are being developed.

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1997

Our third year.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Europe↗
PubMed1997

Disseminated histoplasmosis with orofacial involvement in HIV-I-infected patients with AIDS: manifestations and treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis which is increasingly seen in HIV disease. It has emerged as a relatively common infection in Argentina, mainly in HIV-infected and other immunocompromised persons, and is often disseminated (DH). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe 32 HIV-I-seropositive patients with AIDS who had DH, 21 of whom presented orofacial manifestations, and their treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 876 HIV-seropositive patients revealed 32 with a clinical diagnosis of DH confirmed by special stains on histopathologic specimens, or by culture. RESULTS: Thirty-two HIV-infected patients had DH. Two-thirds (21 patients) had oral lesions of histoplasmosis, of which six presented with oral cavity (OC) lesions as the sole orofacial manifestation of disease, nine patients presented oral and facial (OF) lesions and six presented facial lesions only. A unique case of submandibular histoplasmosis is also reported. Antifungal therapy cleared more than 90% of the orofacial and disseminated lesions of histoplasmosis. Over the 7-year period there was a mortality of 85%. CONCLUSION: DH should be considered as a possible diagnosis in HIV patients with chronic ulcerative or nodular orofacial or oral lesions. Itraconazole is an effective and acceptable therapy.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

HIV topic update: salivary testing for antibodies.

Salivary antibody testing for HIV is proving to be a sensitive and specific procedure, especially useful for epidemiological studies, and has the advantages of being simple and non-invasive. This paper reviews the field and discusses antibody testing of dental patients.

Dental Care for Chronically Ill↗
PubMed1997

The HIV global pandemic: the development and emerging implication.

AIDS was first observed in 1981. The World Health Organisation has estimated that over 6 million AIDS cases had occurred by late 1995 but that only one-third had been reported. There is an annual increase world-wide of 20%, but in Asia it is in excess of 150% each year. HIV-1 can be classified into two major groups: M which contains 10 subtypes and O which contains several heterogenous viruses. HIV-2, found mainly in Africa, contains at least five subtypes. Combination therapies with nucleoside analogues are now recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

The deep mycoses in HIV infection.

The deep mycoses are uncommon infections, usually acquired from the inhalation or ingestion of fungal spores, sometimes from the soil in areas of endemicity, such as in the Americas and south-east Asia, or from decaying vegetable matter. They are also seen in immunocompromised persons and, increasingly, in HIV-infected persons. Respiratory involvement is frequent, with granuloma formation, and mucocutaneous involvement may be seen. Oral lesions of the deep mycoses are typically chronic but non-specific, though nodular or ulcerative appearances are common. Person-to-person transmission is rare. In HIV disease, the most common orofacial involvement of deep mycoses has been in histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis and zygomycosis. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by lesional biopsy although culture may also be valuable. Treatment is with amphotericin or an azole.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Computer assisted learning (CAL) of oral manifestations of HIV disease.

General dental practitioners (GDPs) in the UK may wish additional education on relevant aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. The aim of the present study was to develop and assess a computer assisted learning package on the oral manifestations of HIV disease of relevance to GDPs. A package was developed using a commercially-available software development tool and assessed by a group of 75 GDPs interested in education and computers. Fifty-four (72%) of the GDPs completed a self-administered questionnaire of their opinions of the package. The majority reported the package to be easy to load and run, that it provided clear instructions and displays, and that it was a more effective educational tool than videotapes, audiotapes, professional journals and textbooks, and of similar benefit as post-graduate courses. The GDPs often commented favourably on the effectiveness of the clinical images and use of questions and answers, although some had criticisms of these and other aspects of the package. As a consequence of this investigation the package has been modified and distributed to GDPs in England and Wales.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Mucosal lesions due to oral cocaine use.

Cocaine abuse is a major public health problem worldwide and is increasingly common in Europe. Oral use of cocaine in two patients resulted in unusual white lesions on their anterior maxillary gingivae/vestibule. GDPs should be alert to this newly described lesion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Demographics of HIV-infected persons attending a dental clinic.

The demographics of 147 HIV-infected persons attending a special care dental clinic in South West England are reported. The majority of attendants were homosexual/bisexual males, reflecting the UK epidemiology of HIV disease at the time of study. There was a substantial rise in patient numbers from 1988 onwards but patients often did not reveal their route of HIV acquisition or increasingly had acquired HIV disease via heterosexual routes. Patients were usually referred for routine dental treatment, not HIV-related oral disease. The HIV-infected patients generally attended the clinic irregularly, despite being offered many appointments. It is concluded that most patients with HIV disease attend clinics for routine dental care, yet many may be unable or unwilling to attend regularly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Ebola virus infection: an overview.

The current outbreak of the Ebola virus infection in Africa has yet again proven that highly dangerous diseases that are transmitted via the blood-borne route may be endemic in some parts of the world and may emerge as sporadic outbreaks causing worldwide concern. Health care professionals are at the forefront of combatting these diseases and treating infected individuals. Though dental professionals are unlikely to be directly involved in the management of such acute infections, with very high mortality rates, they may encounter patients seeking dental treatment who are either from, or who have recently toured the endemic disease areas. This overview, therefore, is a thumb nail sketch of the Ebola virus infection and its implications for dentistry.

Africa↗
PubMed1996

Allelic imbalance on chromosome 3p in oral dysplastic lesions: an early event in oral carcinogenesis.

We have demonstrated previously a loss of constitutional heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3 in approximately 50% of oral squamous cell carcinomas. In the present study, we have investigated 30 oral dysplastic lesions (DLs), presenting clinically as either erythroplakias or leukoplakias with histopathological features of either severe epithelial dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, for LOH on chromosome 3p using 15 microsatellite markers. Thirteen of the 30 LDs (approximately 43%) showed allelic imbalance at one or more loci. The pattern of loss in these lesions defined three noncontiguous regions of interstitial deletions that overlap with those defined for oral squamous cell carcinomas. These data indicate that the alteration of tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 3p is probably an early event in oral carcinogenesis. Additionally, 7 of the 30 DLs showed microsatellite instability. However, the frequency of loci showing microsatellite instability per lesion was low.

Alleles↗