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Biomedical subjects

C Scott

Publications and source records attributed to C Scott.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Retrograde aortic dissection during cardiopulmonary bypass: "nonoperative" management.

Seven patients are reported in whom retrograde aortic dissection occurred, 2 during valve replacement and 5 during coronary artery bypass, among 770 patients perfused through the common femoral artery. Successful management included : (1) immediate cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass; (2) removal of the arterial cannula and its replacement in the ascending aorta, usually through both lumens of the dissection; (3) completion of the operation by suturing the proximal ends of saphenous vein grafts to both lumens of the dissection in the ascending aorta; and (4) no treatment of the dissection itself. One patient died of other causes 30 days postoperatively. Follow-up from 2 to 3 1/2 years in 6 long-term survivors has revealed no complications related to the dissection. Saphenous vein graft function is apparently satisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The action of nitroglycerine and dipyridamole in normal and ischaemic dog heart.

1 Network and post-network resistances were measured together with heat clearance and heat production in the myocardium. 2 Nitroglycerine dilated all resistance vessels but was twice as effective on network as compared with post-network vessels. 3 Dipyridamole dilated network and post-network vessels equally. 4 Nitroglycerine had no effect on heat clearance or heat production in ischaemic myocardium. 5 Dipyridamole increased heat clearance in normal but not in ischaemic myocardium. 6 Dipyridamole depressed heat production in normal and ischaemic myocardium. 7 That the clinical effectiveness of nitroglycerine does not depend entirely on its coronary vasodilator properties is confirmed. 8 It is suggested that the action of dipyridamole in depressing myocardial heat production may be due to an action on the efficiency of oxygen utilization during cardiac contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Cardiac valve replacement. The rationale for earlier operation.

Cardiac valve replacement (single or double) was carried out in 138 consecutive patients with valvular heart disease over a six-year period at the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital. All but a few had functional class III or IV disease. Hospital mortality was 3.6 percent.Normothermia, coronary perfusion and beating of the heart were maintained throughout the procedure. All patients were followed at least one year and the average follow-up was four and a half years. The late mortality was 27 percent. Seventy-five percent of the late deaths were due to progressive cardiac disease. The mortality due to prosthetic valve dysfunction was 4 percent. Subjective evaluation of survivors revealed that a high percentage remained symptomatic. Only 50 percent of the total group of patients were significantly improved. The high incidence of late mortality and poor long-term functional results are contrasted to the low operative risk and improved reliability of prosthetic valves. The rationale of delaying operation until functional class III limitation develops is questioned. Earlier operation is recommended before irreversible myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis develop.

Heart Valve Prosthesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of the peripherally selective kappa-opioid asimadoline, on substance P and CGRP mRNA expression in chronic arthritis of the rat.

We have previously shown that the kappa-opioid agonist, asimadoline, produces time-dependent changes in neuropeptide concentrations in the joints of rats with chronic arthritis. We hypothesized that asimadoline acts on peripheral terminals to modulate substance P (SP) release. To address this hypothesis, here we have examined neuropeptide expression in their source cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) that innervate the joint, as well as in non-neuronal tissue, after treatment with asimadoline. We found an increased production of SP and CGRP in untreated chronic arthritic animals which supports our previous finding of increased SP content in the joint. More importantly, the kappa-opioid asimadoline reduced the expression of both SP and calcitonin gene-related peptide-alpha (alpha-CGRP) in DRG cells but had no effect on the very low expression of neuropeptides in non-neuronal tissue. The fact that SP synthesis is attenuated by asimadoline accords with our hypothesis that the increased tissue levels of SP result from kappa-mediated pre-synaptic inhibition of release leading to augmented tissue stores. These in vivo data confirm literature findings that opioids inhibit SP release from peripheral endings of primary afferent fibres.

Acetamides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood sexual abuse, psychological distress, and medical use among women.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relationships between reported history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), psychological distress, and medical utilization among women in a health maintenance organization (HMO) setting. METHODS: Participants were 206 women aged 20 to 63 years who were recruited from an HMO primary care clinic waiting area. Participants were classified, using screening questionnaires and the revised Symptom Checklist 90, as 1) CSA-distressed, 2) distressed only, 3) CSA only, or 4) control participants. Medical utilization rates were generated from the computerized database of the HMO for 1) nonpsychiatric outpatient, 2) psychiatric outpatient, 3) emergency room (ER), and 4) inpatient admissions. RESULTS: CSA-distressed and distressed only groups both used significantly more nonpsychiatric outpatient visits than CSA only and control participants but were not different from one another. CSA only and control participants did not differ on nonpsychiatric outpatient utilization. CSA-distressed participants used significantly more ER visits and were more likely to visit the ER for pain-related complaints than other participants. Among CSA-distressed participants, those who met criteria for physical abuse had significantly more ER visits than those who did not. There were no differences among the four groups in inpatient utilization rates. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress is associated with higher outpatient medical utilization, independent of CSA history. History of CSA with concomitant psychological distress is associated with significantly higher ER visits, particularly for those with a history of physical abuse. History of CSA without distress is not associated with elevated rates of medical utilization. Screening for psychological distress, CSA, and physical abuse may help to identify distinct subgroups with unique utilization patterns.

Adult↗