Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Schou

Publications and source records attributed to C Schou.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Access to case records in department for child and adolescent psychiatry].

The object of this investigation was registration of all requests for access to case records in 1987 in all departments for child and adolescent psychiatry in Denmark. A total of 34 requests were made concerning child psychiatric departments and 55 concerning departments for adolescent psychiatry. This corresponds to requests for access to case records in 0.8% of all patients admitted to departments of child psychiatry, and also 0.8% of the outpatients. In the departments for adolescent psychiatry, access to the case records was desired concerning 16.5% of the hospitalized adolescents. No complaints have been made concerning access to the case records and it is concluded that the new Danish law functions satisfactorily also where parents were concerned, where the possibility of providing limited insight for adolescents or parents may be of value. The significance of introduction of a period of limitation for access to case records in departments for child and adolescent psychiatry is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of cyclodextrin on lipopolysaccharide production in cultures of Bordetella pertussis.

The effect of adding 500 micrograms of (2,6-0-dimethyl) beta-cyclodextrin (Me-beta-CD) per ml of Stainer-Scholte (SS) medium in two-day shaker flask cultures of Bordetella pertussis on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. The amount of LPS per 10(9) cells found in the supernatants of these cultures was either somewhat reduced or unaffected by comparison with the amounts in cultures grown in SS-medium alone. In addition, the time course of LPS release from cultures of B. pertussis strain 3843 cells during a 96-h growth period in normal and Me-beta-CD-enriched SS medium is described. By using the enriched medium bacterial growth, the production of filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) and of pertussis toxin (Pt) and the levels of haemagglutination and lymphocytosis-promoting activity were enhanced to various degrees. Measurements made on sedimented whole and on sonicated B. pertussis cells grown in the two media showed no differences in LPS content. The reasons for the reduced/unaffected LPS production are discussed. It has been suggested that an interaction between hydrophobic cavities of the Me-beta-CD molecules and the 'lipid A' part of LPS reduces the reactivity of LPS in the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. This possibility, however, was rejected as the reactivity of Me-beta-CD-spiked purified B. pertussis strain 3803 LPS, compared with unspiked samples, remained unchanged.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Variations in blood constituents of healthy full term infants as related to body weight in the new-born period.

In 59 full term new-born infants an increase in the mean value for (blood, (B] B-haemoglobin, (plasma, (P] P-potassium and (plasma, (P] P-bilirubins was seen during the first three days of life. The erythrocyte volume fraction, P-sodium and P-albumin varied in parallel with the B-haemoglobin concentration. The variation in these blood constituents indicated that an initial destruction of erythrocytes occurred and that a haemoconcentration took place as well. This was further substantiated by the observation of a weight loss in the infants of about 6.4% of the estimated total body water content during the first three days after delivery. An increase in P-sodium of 5% in the same period indicated that the weight loss consisted mainly of water. These results show that new-born infants are prone to be hypovolaemic during the first three days of life.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1987

Modification of the ELISA for the estimation of tetanus antitoxin in human sera.

The use of indirect ELISA for the quantitation of tetanus toxin neutralizing antibodies in human sera is limited by marked overestimations in low titered sera. The reasons for the discrepancy between the results obtained by ELISA and by in vivo assay and modifications of the ELISA to overcome the problem were investigated. Catching ELISA and indirect ELISA using trays coated with the contaminant proteins in toxoid preparations indicated that antibodies to contaminants were only partly responsible for the discrepancy and the introduction of these modifications did not solve the problem. In ELISA competition experiments with toxin neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, the human immunoglobulins irrelevant in toxin neutralization, but detectable in indirect ELISA, were found to be difficult to inhibit in their binding to the solid antigen phase. These might represent antitoxins bound bivalently to the solid phase but with affinities in monovalent binding insufficient for toxin neutralization or other coupled antibodies due to conformational changes of the antigen. A competition ELISA with toxin in solution was therefore developed to assess selectively the antitoxin capable of binding the antigen in solution and by this approach the in vivo activities of even low titered sera were accurately predicted. This antigen competition ELISA may be easily introduced into routine tetanus serology and the principle may also be of value for the in vitro detection of functional antibodies to other antigens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

The interaction between pertussis toxin and 10 monoclonal antibodies.

Data on the epitope specificity of 10 monoclonal hybridoma antibodies (Mabs) that showed positive reaction in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) towards pertussins toxin (Ptx) are presented. The relative functional affinity of the Mabs was determined in a catching ELISA system. The Mabs were tested for their ability to inhibit the biological activities of this toxin in two in vitro systems, viz. haemagglutination (HA) and Chinese Hamster Ovary cell (CHO) test, and in three in vivo assays: histamine sensitization (HS), leucocytosis-promoting activity (LP) and protection against intra-cerebral challenge (i.c.) with virulent B. pertussis organisms. Four Mabs were found inhibiting HA and three inhibited the effect on CHO cells. Two Mabs showed demonstrable protective effect on mice in i.c. test. The same two Mabs were also able to inhibit HS and LP activity of Ptx. Five of the ten Mabs reacted with Ptx subjected to blotting after separation of the toxin subunits in sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The five Mabs all bound to more than one subunit. The epitopes defined by several of the Mabs might be useful in the context of a third-generation whooping cough vaccine.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Determination of tetanus and diphtheria antitoxin content in dried samples of capillary blood: a convenient method applied to infants.

To assess the effect of vaccination of infants against tetanus and diphtheria capillary blood was drawn from 51 randomly selected healthy infants 2 years of age. The blood was applied directly to filter paper. In the laboratory the blood dots were eluted in phosphate buffered saline for 2 h at room temperature yielding 100% recovery of antitoxin activity. Serum volume in the blood dots was determined by calculation of dot area or by measuring albumin content in the eluted samples by means of rocket immunoelectrophoresis. These approaches were found to be equally applicable. Concentration of antitoxin to tetanus and diphtheria was assessed with ELISA and in vitro toxin neutralization assay respectively. Mean diphtheria antitoxin concentration was 0.53 IU/ml, and mean tetanus antitoxin concentration 4.1 IU/ml. Low initial immune response to diphtheria vaccination may be responsible for the risk among school children to have antitoxin concentration below protective level (reported elsewhere). In environments where diphtheria is disappearing a lowered vaccination response may be expected.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1985

Production and partial characterization of monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The production and partial characterization of monoclonal hybridoma antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is described. 30 clones have been produced. Their reactivity towards M. tuberculosis antigens have been tested in immunoblotting from SDS-PAGE, in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and in ELISA. The Mab's separated into four reactivity groups, one of which may be relevant in assays for antigen specific for M. tuberculosis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

Assay for the specificity of monoclonal antibodies in crossed immunoelectrophoresis.

A method is described based on crossed immunoelectrophoresis of a complex antigen mixture in agarose gel followed by incubation of the gel with the monoclonal antibody. The bound monoclonal antibody is detected by the use of a secondary enzyme-labelled antibody. Using this technique we have been able to identify the precipitate arc in crossed immunoelectrophoresis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in a mixture of all detergent solubilized cell membrane molecules by means of a monoclonal antibody, the specificity of which was known independently to be against MHC class I molecules. In other experiments using the same technique we demonstrated the reaction of a monoclonal antibody specific for chicken Ig light chains.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Macroorchidism and fragile X in mentally retarded males. Clinical, cytogenetic, and some hormonal investigations in mentally retarded males, including two with the fragile site at Xq28, fra(X)(q28).

One hundred and seventy eight males resident in an institution for the mentally retarded were screened clinically for the presence of macroorchidism, using the standard orchidometer. In this way 52 males with a testicular volume of 25 ml and over were found. Of these, 11 had pronounced macroorchidism (above 25 ml). All 52 males were examined cytogenetically for the fragile X. Two patients with pronounced macroorchidism showed this abnormality. Although the other nine patients with pronounced macroorchidism were reexamined with FUdR-addition to blood cultures, no further cases positive for the fragile X were found. Also, the thyroid function as well as the prolactin level in serum were investigated in all 52 males. No significant abnormalities were found. The high incidence of macroorchidism in mentally retarded males is underlined; however, it is suggested that the definition of macroorchidism should take into account several parameters.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic basis of IgE responsiveness: relevance to the atopic diseases.

Genetic analysis of 170 subjects in 11 extended Amish families revealed evidence for linkage of five markers in chromosome 5q31.1 with a gene controlling total serum IgE levels. No linkage was found between these markers and specific IgE antibody levels. Analysis of total IgE within a subset of 128 IgE-antibody-negative sib pairs confirmed evidence for linkage to 5q31.1, especially IL4 (p = 4 x 10(-6)). These and other data suggest that IL4 or a nearby gene regulates IgE production in a non-antigen-specific (noncognate) fashion and provide evidence for a possible link between asthma and the IL4 gene.

Antibody Formation↗