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Biomedical subjects

C Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to C Schmidt.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Ferdinand von Hebra (1816-1880)--on his 175th birthday , September 7].

September 7, 1991 will be the 175th anniversary of the birth of the founder of German-speaking Dermatology. June 14 of this year (1991) marked the centenary of Hebra's bust being displayed in the arcades of Vienna University. Moreover, it is exactly 225 years since the dermatologist's grandfather was recruited into the "K.K. Infantrie-Regiment No. 40" (numbered after 1769), the point of time to which the entry of the Hebra family into Viennese medical history can be traced.

Austria↗
PubMed1990

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells discriminate between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

We have generated in vitro lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells from healthy donors by stimulating their mononuclear leukocytes with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) (100 U/ml). After 6 days in culture, the lytic properties of the LAK cells were analyzed in the 51Cr-release assay by utilizing a target panel of 6 paired lines consisting of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell line and an EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) from the same donor, the Raji BL line and the natural killer (NK) cell-sensitive K562 line. The patterns of lysis showed that the LAK cells discriminated between two categories of BL cell lines. Group I/II BL tumor cells which expressed the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), the BL-associated glycolipid antigen (BLA) and phenotypically resembled biopsy cells were strongly lysed whereas group III BL cells which had assumed an LCL-like phenotype during culture and lacked the CALLA and BLA surface markers were only poorly lysed. The LCL targets were generally resistant to lysis but the K562 cell line was particularly sensitive. The outcome of cell depletion and monoclonal antibody (MAb) studies indicated that the LAK cell populations were phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous and consisted of at least 2 subpopulations of effector cells; a tumor-specific component and an NK-cell-mediated component.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XVII. Changes in the characteristics of internal medicine residents and their training programs, 1988-1989.

The National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower (NaSimm) has been surveying program directors of internal medicine about their programs and residents for 13 years. The 1988-1989 survey results, when compared with the results for 1987-1988, show an increase in both the number of residency positions offered in internal medicine and the number of residents in internal medicine programs. Although the proportion of graduates from U.S. medical schools who choose internal medicine is not changing (34%), the proportion of U.S. medical school graduates who continue training in internal medicine after their first year is decreasing. The composition of the residents in internal medicine by medical school graduated is also changing. Almost 25% of the first-year residents (R1s) in internal medicine are now graduates of foreign medical schools (FMGs) compared with 14% in 1976. The proportion of first-year female residents in internal medicine has increased to 30%, whereas the proportion of both first-year blacks and Hispanics has remained constant at 5% each. In nearly 25% (109 of 440) of the residency programs, more than 50% of the R1s are FMGs. Hispanics, Asians, and blacks were found to be over-represented in the programs training larger proportions of FMGs. This over-representation is attributable, in part, to the fact that Hispanics and Asians may be FMGs. Training issues of concern to program directors continue to be the provision of ambulatory and primary care experiences and the scheduling of nights on call. The survey results show that many residency program directors have reported a reduction in the number of nights on call and an increase in the amount of time residents spend in ambulatory training.

Ethnicity↗
PubMed1990

Patterns of reactivity of Epstein-Barr virus-specific T cells in A-type donor cultures after reactivation with autologous A- or B-type transformants.

Regression endpoints were assessed in cultures from 11 Epstein-Barr (EB) virus A-type seropositive donors and 2 seronegative donors using A- and B-type EB virus preparations. In 9/11 of the seropositive donors, the resulting endpoints using A-type or B-type virus were similar and demonstrated a significant T cell response to both virus types. However, the regression endpoints for 2/11 seropositive donors were reproducibly higher with B-type virus compared with A-type virus, indicating a weak T cell response to the B-type virus compared with that to the A-type virus. Seronegative donor cultures showed no regression. The patterns of reactivity of bulk cultures of EB virus-specific cytotoxic T cells and T cell clones from selected seropositive donors were compared. Four of six donors showed evidence of a cytotoxic T cell response to A- and B-type autologous transformants while cytotoxic T cells from 2/6 donors (corresponding to those identified as lacking regression to B-type virus) lysed autologous targets infected with A-type but not B-type virus. The results show that while most A-type seropositive donors are capable of mounting a T cell response to A- and B-type virus, certain donors apparently lack B-type reactivity.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1990

An Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cell epitope in EBV nuclear antigen 3 (EBNA 3).

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CTL clones were isolated that recognized A-type EBV transformants but not B-type transformants. These A-type-specific CTL clones (HLA B8 restricted) were used to screen peptides derived from the EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs) 2, 3, 4, and 6 as potential CTL epitopes. Of the 76 peptides screened, one sequence from EBNA 3 (residues 329-353) was recognized by A-type-specific CTL clones after absorption onto target cells (either autologous B-type transformants or PHA blasts). This report is the first description of an EBV target epitope recognized by specific CTL clones.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Affinity immobilization of a genetically engineered bifunctional hybrid protein.

Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) is a receptor for the Fc domain of several classes of antibodies including immunoglobin G (IgG). A hybrid protein consisting of protein A and the enzyme beta-lactamase has been constructed using recombinant DNA techniques. The functional characteristics of the hybrid protein adsorbed on IgG-coated Sepharose matrices were studied in detail and compared to those of (i) the hybrid protein in solution and (ii) beta-lactamase covalently immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose. Protein A--beta-lactamase bound tightly and specifically to IgG-Sepharose and could be stored for at least 4 weeks without dissociation. The rate of penicillin G hydrolysis by the beta-lactamase domain of the immobilized hybrid protein was found to depend on the amount of IgG covalently coupled to the support. For all IgG loads, higher specific activities and lower Km values relative to covalently immobilized beta-lactamase were obtained. Adsorption of the hybrid protein on the support resulted in increased stability to thermal deactivation. These results indicate that bifunctional hybrid proteins can be useful for the affinity immobilization of enzymes.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1990

Silica-induced scleroderma.

In a survey done in East Germany between 1981 and 1988, we found that 93 of 120 male scleroderma patients had long-term exposure to silica dust. We describe our findings in 12 patients with scleroderma and silicosis. The exposure time to silica dust was between 3 and 34 years; the interval between the beginning of exposure and the onset of scleroderma averaged 27.3 years (range 9 to 40 years). Antinuclear antibodies in titers between 80 and 10,240 with nucleolar and/or speckled patterns were found in 10 patients, antibodies against double-stranded DNA in three, Scl-70 (topoisomerase I) in three, and anticentromere antibodies in five. The following markers of collagen metabolism were increased in serum: beta-galactosidase in 12 patients, laminin peptide-P1 in 10 patients, N-terminal procollagen type III peptide in 10, and urinary sialic acid excretion in 7. We propose that crystalline particles of silica less than 5 microns may be phagocytosed by macrophages and release lymphokines and monokines, which activate fibroblasts and enhance their collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. In addition, silica may act as an adjuvant to increase immune reactivity.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

[Digital image intensifier radiography: a new concept for traumatologic x-ray diagnosis?].

Digital image intensifier radiography visualises all traumatological changes of clinical relevance and can therefore be used in traumatology. However, the quality of conventional radiographs cannot be attained as yet. Radiation exposure is markedly reduced, and radiographs are obtained directly after exposure, so that this is an extremely rapid radiographic procedure. Images can be quickly transmitted by video cable to the relevant departments and working places.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Review and analysis of literature on indicators of women's drinking problems.

Our goal is to identify more relevant indicators of women's drinking problems. We first reviewed the literature on women's drinking problems to uncover the major issues and research problems that previous studies have raised. We then systematically analyzed 464 indicators of women's alcohol problems cited in the literature from 1970-86. We calculated the frequency of their appearance by source (literature review, clinical studies, research articles, or surveys) and organized them into a comprehensive indicator taxonomy that included physiological, social, psychological and behavioral categories. The resulting taxonomy can serve as a baseline for grounding indicators of women's alcohol problems collected from other sources, such as ethnographic studies of particular populations or surveys of the general population.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Dimensions of alcoholism: a multivariate analysis.

The present study multivariately interrelated demographic and psychometric variables that have been extensively researched in the alcoholism literature. These variables included the essential-reactive continuum, degree of familial alcoholism, subjective distress, antisocial personality features and gender. Data were collected for 76 inpatients (56 male and 20 female) meeting DSM-III criteria for alcohol abuse/dependence. The mean age of the sample was 38.9 years and ranged in age from 18 to 69 years. Three factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted. Factor 1 was labeled Neuroticism, and measures of depression, anxiety, neuroticism and female gender had the highest loadings. Number of first-degree relatives with alcoholism, essential (early onset and greater severity) alcoholism and greater antisocial propensity had the highest loadings on Factor 2, labeled "Essential-Familial." The Extroversion scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and number of second-degree relatives with alcoholism loaded most highly on Factor 3, labeled "Extroversion." Theoretical and clinical implications associated with these dimensions of alcoholism and variously proposed alcoholic subtypes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Heart arrest during spinal anesthesia for transurethral resection of the prostate. Apropos of a case].

We report a cardiac arrest in a 66 years healthy patient during a spinal anesthesia for a transurethral resection of prostate. The accident occurred one hour and fifteen minutes after the subarachnoidal injection of hyperbaric lidocaine 80 mg, at the end of surgery, but before any postural change. We attempt to elucidate the surgical or anesthesiologic precipitating factors that lead to the cardiac arrest in this patient. However, there was no real etiology that formally explained the genesis of the accident. This case is to add to a series of recently published accidents that occurred during spinal anesthesia in healthy patients.

Aged↗