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Biomedical subjects

C Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to C Schmid.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin filaments in rete testis and epididymis. An immunohistochemical study.

In 11 testes of different developmental stages (from 10-week-old embryos to adult) the cytokeratin and vimentin expression patterns of rete testis and epididymis were investigated immunohistochemically in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded material. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy including double immunofluorescence was performed on frozen sections of 3 of these 11 cases. Rete testis and epididymis cells displayed a heterogeneous co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin. In double immunohistochemistry, differences in distribution of keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments with predominance of cytokeratins in the apical cytoplasmic regions and of vimentin filaments in the basal portions of the cells were found. Cytokeratin expression preceded the appearance of vimentin: cytokeratin was already detectable in 10-week-old embryos, while weak vimentin immunoreactivity was first seen in 12-week-old embryos and became conspicuous in testes around the perinatal period. In testes of children up to 2 years of age the cytoplasmic distribution of cytokeratin and vimentin was more homogeneous. Predominance of the basal cell portions for vimentin and the apical regions for cytokeratin staining were less pronounced than in adult testes. In the proximal and distal parts of the epididymis a different intermediate filament expression pattern was found with a clear predominance of cytokeratin near the rete.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Fulminant pulmonary embolism: symptoms, diagnostics, operative technique, and results.

Fulminant pulmonary embolism associated with cardiac arrest has an extremely high mortality. The feasibility of pulmonary embolectomy initiated during resuscitation is still under discussion. Between January 1975 and January 1991, pulmonary embolectomy was performed in 27 patients, 21 to 79 years old. The diagnosis was established primarily by clinical findings in 18 patients, by angiography and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in 4 patients, and by transesophageal echocardiography in 1 patient seen recently. Eleven patients did not require resuscitation (group 1); 5 patients had to be resuscitated and underwent operation after circulation was reestablished without need of further cardiac massage (group 2); and 11 patients were connected to extracorporeal circulation devices during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (30 to 210 minutes) (group 3). Embolectomy was performed using extracorporeal circulation with the heart beating (n = 2) or fibrillating (n = 15) or using cardioplegia (n = 10). Fifteen patients received a caval clip or ligature at the end of the procedure. Twelve patients died early postoperatively; the mortality rates were 36%, 60%, and 45% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Eight patients died of right heart failure, and 2 patients each died of brain death and sepsis. Of the surviving patients, only 1 showed ischemic brain damage. Mean stay in the intensive care unit was 5.1, 7.0, and 9.75 days for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were no recurrent embolisms during the 15-year follow-up (mean follow-up, 4.6 years). This experience demonstrates that even with subtotal obstruction of the pulmonary arteries, effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation with maintenance of uncompromised brain function is possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1991

Tumor-related obstruction of the inferior vena cava extending into the right heart--a plea for surgery in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.

This study reviews eight patients, 39-63 years old, with tumor-related obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) extending into the right atrium (n = 5) and ventricle (n = 3). Five patients suffered from renal cell carcinoma, 3 from sarcomatous disease. The general approach was a median sternotomy and laparotomy with hypothermic circulatory arrest (17.0-20.5 degrees C; 23-46 min) in six patients, while in two patients, the IVC was clamped sequentially under moderate hypothermia and extracorporeal circulation. Four patients had tumor infiltration of the IVC necessitating partial caval resection. In three, the IVC was reconstructed by fabric patches or tubular prothesis. In one patient, the continuity of the IVC was interrupted permanently. Three patients underwent nephrectomy during the same procedure, two before and one after IVC disobliteration. In one patient each, pulmonary embolectomy and intrahepatic IVC stenting were performed. Two patients died early, one due to uncontrollable hemorrhage the other due to non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Six patients were discharged in good physical condition and are still alive at a mean follow-up of 24 months. Five patients have since remained free of recurrence, one patient underwent three further surgical interventions for bone metastases. We feel that IVC desobliteration is feasible in selected cases with extended tumor-related obstruction with an acceptable early risk and late outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Two forms of cytochrome P-450(11 beta) in rat zona glomerulosa cells: a short review.

Aldosterone, the major mineralocorticoid hormone, is produced exclusively in the zona glomerulosa of the mammalian adrenal cortex. In the rat species, this zonal specificity of aldosterone biosynthesis appears to be due mainly to the existence of a second form of cytochrome P-450(11 beta), which differs from the major form of the enzyme (molecular weight 51,000) by (1) a lower molecular weight (49,000), (2) a broader range of catalytic activities, which include corticosterone methyl oxidation 1 and 2, (3) an exclusive occurrence in the zona glomerulosa, and (4) a crucial dependence on sodium and potassium intake. The 49K form of the enzyme can be induced by potassium ions in vivo (potassium repletion of potassium-deficient rats) or in vitro (primary cell culture). The biosynthesis of this protein is controlled most likely at the level of transcription. According to indirect evidence, ACTH induces only the 51K form of the enzyme in vitro. Prolonged treatment of rats with a high dose of ACTH has a repressive effect on the 49K form of the enzyme.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Disturbance of movement vision after bilateral posterior brain damage. Further evidence and follow up observations.

In 1983 we reported in this Journal a patient who suffered a disturbance of movement vision in a relatively pure form. This uncommon cerebral visual deficit resulted as a consequence of bilateral brain damage affecting the lateral temporo-occipital cortex and the underlying white matter. In this paper we present further evidence for the selectivity of the movement vision deficit. Furthermore, follow-up examination did not reveal any significant change which indicates that the disorder appears irreversible. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) shows bilateral lesions involving the upper (cranial) part of the occipital gyri and the adjacent portion of the middle temporal gyri, with the main focus of damage in the upper (cranial) banks of the anterior occipital sulcus. In addition, cortico-cortical fibre pathways interconnecting occipital, temporal and parietal 'visual' areas are also affected bilaterally. The selectivity of the movement vision deficit and the irreversibility of the disorder strongly support the idea that movement vision is a separate function which is subserved by a visual pathway specialized for the processing of visual motion.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Spindle cell haemangioendothelioma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study indicative of a non-neoplastic lesion.

Spindle cell haemangioendothelioma is an uncommon vascular lesion, of which 35 cases have been previously reported. A further 20 cases are reported herein. These lesions affected a wide age range in both sexes, and showed a predilection for the extremities. Twelve patients had multiple lesions and, in these cases, local progression over many years but no true recurrence was typical. None of the 20 patients developed metastases, but one later developed an angiosarcoma. Individual cases were associated with congenital lymphoedema. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and early-onset varicose veins. Histologically, in addition to the admixture of cavernous spaces and solid spindle cell/epithelioid cell areas, the presence both of irregularly distributed and perivascular smooth muscle cells and of malformed variably-sized vessels at the periphery of almost every lesion was noted in each case. Reticulin staining, immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy revealed the presence of primitive vessel formation and partial endothelial differentiation in the solid spindle cell areas. Combining these data with those from previously published series, it is suggested that spindle cell haemangioendothelioma is a non-neoplastic lesion (rather than a borderline malignancy as it is currently regarded) and that its development correlates with histological and/or clinical evidence of a malformed vasculature at the affected site.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Non-systemic diffuse lymphangiomatosis of spleen and liver.

We present a 27-year-old woman with non-systemic diffuse lymphangiomatosis of spleen and liver. The tumour consisted of capillary and cavernous lymphatic vessels located in abundant fibrous tissue. The vascular endothelium showed immunoreactivity for factor VIII-related antigen. A basal lamina could be demonstrated immunohistochemically and by electronmicroscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Insulin regulates insulin-like growth factor I mRNA in rat hepatocytes.

To evaluate the regulatory role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin on insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA levels, we employed primary rat hepatocytes. Cells were incubated for 16 h with 10 nM insulin, 10 nM GH, or a combination thereof, and IGF-I mRNA levels were analyzed by Northern blotting. Insulin results in 2.5-fold and GH in 3.8-fold higher IGF-I mRNA levels than hormone-free controls, and a combination of insulin and GH had an additive effect (6.7-fold). The effect of 10 nM insulin was constant at variable GH concentrations. Therefore, GH and insulin affect IGF-I mRNA levels independently of each other. The half-maximal effective dose of insulin was 4.7 X 10(-10) M, and, in kinetic experiments, insulin was effective within 2 h. These findings demonstrate that insulin modulates hepatic IGF-I production by a direct regulation of the transcript levels of IGF-I.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate. Sequence of GTP cyclohydrolase I from Escherichia coli.

The sequence of the gene coding for GTP cyclohydrolase I of Escherichia coli and of the adjacent regions was determined. The open reading frame contains 669 nucleotides. The deduced amino-acid sequence represents a protein consisting of 223 amino-acid residues with a molecular mass of 24,873 Da. Partial amino-acid sequences of the N-terminal region and of 5 peptides obtained by trypsin and BrCN cleavage were determined by Edman degradation and were in full agreement with the sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence. The starting methionine is removed by posttranslational modification. The protein shows extensive homology to the recently reported GTP cyclohydrolase from rats.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Expression of B-cell antigens by Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells.

Twenty frozen and 55 paraffin sections of lymphnode specimens from 55 patients with pretreatment Hodgkin's disease (nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease, n = 45; mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease, n = 10) were studied by immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis to determine the phenotype of Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg cells (HRS). In all cases the HRS cells were CD45-, and CD30+, and in 43/55 (78%) cases they were CD15+. In 48/55 cases (87%) HRS cells were reactive with at least one B-cell marker (CD19, CD20, CD22, CDw75, MB2), 8/55 cases (14.5%) showed reactivity (mainly cytoplasmic) of a subpopulation of HRS cells with the T-cell markers CD3 and beta F1. All cases that expressed T-cell antigens were also reactive with at least one B-cell marker. In frozen sections, a minority of HRS cells in each case studied showed cytoplasmic positivity for bcl-2 protein. Rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes was detected in one case and of T-cell receptor beta chain genes in none. The authors were unable to confirm previous reports of bcl-2 gene rearrangement in Hodgkin's disease. The results strongly support a B lymphocytic origin of HRS cells.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

L and H cells of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease show immunoglobulin light-chain restriction.

The nodular form of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (NLPHD) is widely accepted to be a B-cell-derived neoplasm. Despite this consensus, previous studies have not shown monotypic immunoglobulin (Ig) light-chain expression by the putatively malignant L & H cells. We have studied paraffin-embedded tissue from 19 cases of NLPHD for the presence of Ig light and heavy chains and J chain. In addition, frozen tissue, available from one case, was examined with antibodies to light chains. In paraffin material, in each case L & H cells in individual nodules were examined for the presence of Ig light chain restriction. Kappa-light-chain restriction was detected in all L & H cells in all nodules in 5/19 cases (26.5%) and this was confirmed in frozen sections available from one case. Of the remaining 14 cases, 13 (68.5%) showed kappa-light-chain restriction in a proportion of nodules and in 1 case light-chain restriction was not observed. Of 14 cases stained with antibodies to Ig heavy chains 13 contained IgG, and in 1 case no heavy chains were demonstrable. Most L & H cells in 15 cases examined contained J chain. Our finding of monotypic L & H cells in NLPHD in 95% of our investigated cases provides strong evidence for the neoplastic nature of L & H cells and supports the hypothesis that NLPHD is a malignant nonHodgkin's B-cell lymphoma.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

[MR tomographic diagnosis of internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint].

On the basis of MR imaging studies in 150 temporomandibular joints (TMJ) a classification system for internal derangement of the TMJ was defined. Clinically, internal derangement is characterized by disc displacement and disorders of the mandibular condyle. MR imaging enables a differentiation of early stages (I,II) with disc displacement, the intermediate stage (III), and the later stages (IV,V) with osseous destruction. Optimal diagnostic results (n = 140) allowed the use of proton-density sequences in both open and closed joint positions (TR/TE = 1000/28). Dynamic imaging of the TMJ was performed using fast-gradient echo sequences and a self-developed hydraulic opening device (n = 20). MR imaging has proved to be the method of choice for the pre- and post-therapeutic evaluation of internal derangement of the TMJ.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Breast cancer in the male. A long-term follow-up study of 55 patients].

Between 1964 and 1988, 55 male patients were treated for breast cancer. Fifty-one patients were treated by radical mastectomy; only four patients underwent a simple mastectomy. Nineteen cases received postoperative radiotherapy, eleven cases chemotherapy, six cases adjuvant hormonal therapy, and one patient was submitted to orchiectomy. The five-year survival rate for tumors with nodal metastases was 37%, as compared with 57% for patients with negative nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cloning and expression of the putative gene coding for GTP cyclohydrolase I from Escherichia coli.

The putative gene coding for GTP cyclohydrolase I of Escherichia coli was isolated from a lambda gt11 expression vector library by using antibodies as a probe and has been subcloned on a 3.8 kb Bam HI fragment in the plasmid vector pUC13. E. coli cells carrying the recombinant plasmid designated pCYH express 100-fold increased levels of the enzyme. The protein formed under the control of the plasmid appears electrophoretically and immunochemically identical with the wild type enzyme.

Aminohydrolases↗
PubMed1990

Non-functional malignant paraganglioma of the stomach.

We report the second case of a malignant paraganglioma of the stomach in a 56-year-old female patient. However, our case is the first investigated by immunohistochemistry and electron-microscopy. The tumour was characterized immunohistochemically by the presence of neurofilament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, ACTH, leu-enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and ultrastructurally by demonstration of neurosecretory granules and paranuclear intermediate filament whorls. Despite massive metastatic spread in the abdominal cavity, the patient is still alive 4 years after initial diagnosis.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Haematopoiesis in a degenerating uterine leiomyoma.

We report the case of a 66-year-old woman who had a hysterectomy because of uterine tumour. Histological examination showed a leiomyoma with degenerative changes and extensive extramedullary haematopoiesis. There was no evidence of any haematological or systemic disease. Extramedullary haematopoiesis in patients without haematological disorders is very rare and has apparently never been described previously in association with a leiomyoma of the uterus.

Aged↗