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Biomedical subjects

C Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to C Schmid.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Expression, effects, and fate of IGFBP-5 are different in normal and malignant osteoblastic cells.

Normal osteoblasts from newborn rat calvaria and human osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cells express IGFBP-5 mRNA. IGF I increases IGFBP-5 mRNA levels in both cell types, whereas retinoic acid stimulates IGFBP-5 mRNA expression in calvaria but suppresses it in Saos-2 cells. IGFBP-5 mRNA expression is stimulated in normal bone cells by parathyroid hormone. 30 nM IGFBP-5 stimulates 3H-thymidine incorporation in calvaria (which produce IGF I contributing to basal proliferation in serum-free medium) but not in Saos-2 cells which produce little IGF I and IGF II. Among the 5 rhIGFBPs tested (IGFBP-2 to -6), only IGFBP-5 stimulates DNA synthesis in calvaria cells, and only IGFBP-6 in Saos-2 cells. RhIGFBP-5 displays a short half-life (approximately 30 min) in serum-free medium of calvaria cells and a long half-life (approximately 15 h) in the medium of Saos-2 cells. Fragments of 20 and 14 kDa accumulate in the media of both cell types. Intact (31 kDa) IGFBP-5 is associated and remains with the extracellular matrix of mature calvaria osteoblasts but not of Saos-2 cells. Among the IGFBPs produced IGFBP-5 is unique with regard to its marked affinity to matrix of normal bone cells, its short half-life when released, and its stimulatory effects on DNA synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Recurrent bilateral carotid body tumors. A case report on a 'typical' course of a rare disease.

A 34-year-old female patient suffered from bilateral swelling of the neck for more than 10 years until carotid body tumors were diagnosed. In a local hospital, the right-sided tumor was dissected from the carotid arteries, the contralateral tumor was considered unresectable. in our institution, the left cervical mass was completely removed, and 4 years later, recurrency on the right side was similarly operated upon. Due to tumorous infiltration both recurrent nerves, both internal jugular veins, and both the left internal and external carotid artery had to be sacrificed. Carotid boyd tumors are often inadequately treated, despite the simplicity of establishing diagnosis with angiographic and scintigraphic techniques, because they are not included in different diagnosis during assessment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Outer retinitis as an early symptom of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis].

BACKGROUND: A primary ocular manifestation of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is known and can progress to severe visual deterioration. The rare occurrence of the disease makes diagnosis often difficult. CASE REPORT: The lethal clinical course of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is presented. The disease manifested itself with severe ophthalmic symptoms preceding clinical and neurological signs and leading to bilateral blindness. The dramatic drop of visual acuity was due to a unilateral and later in the course bilateral pigmentepitheliopathy of the posterior pole. Inflammatory signs of retinal vasculature or inner retinal layers were detected neither clinically nor by fluoresceine angiography. A typical blockage of background fluorescence was demonstrated in fluoresceine and indocyanine angiography. Within two weeks after initial symptoms optic atrophy developed in both eyes. CONCLUSION: The primary lesion of retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal layer were the prominent findings in this case. The presence of an outer retinitis of the posterior pole should alert the physician to the possibility of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The spectrum of pulmonary embolism. Clinicopathologic correlations.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is still underdiagnosed even in hospitalized patients. In our recent experience, out of 92 postmortem cases of massive or submassive PE, only 28% were diagnosed before death, whereas the false-positives accounted only for 3% of cases. Similar conclusions have been drawn from large-scale autopsy studies performed in Norway and in the United States. The most important causes of an incorrect diagnosis are failure to suspect PE, and the protean nature of the disease. Remarkable differences actually exist concerning the point of origin and the final localization, as well as the size and age of thromboemboli, the presence or absence of pulmonary infarction, and the underlying pathology. Often a fatal embolus is relatively small but hardly tolerated because of the underlying cardiopulmonary situation. Attention should be called to the frequent autopsy finding of multiple PEs and pulmonary infarctions of apparently different age. This finding is important since it indicates that these patients suffered successive embolizations and the eventual death might have been prevented if an early diagnosis had been made.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

A novel in vitro screening assay for trypanocidal activity using the fluorescent dye BCECF-AM.

A cell viability assay, using fluorescence measurements has been developed for the screening of new compounds against African trypanosomes. 2',7'-Bis-(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-pentaacetoxymethyles ter (BCECF-AM), an esterase substrate, was used in the assay as a marker for cell viability. Fluorescence was quantified using an automated fluorescence scanner for multi-well plates. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, T. congolense, T. evansi and T. equiperdum from continuously growing cultures were exposed to various concentrations of trypanocidal drugs for an incubation period of 72 h at 37 degrees C. Then BCECF-AM was added to the cell suspensions and after 60 minutes the fluorescence of the trypanosome suspension was measured using the Millipore Cytofluor 2300 fluorescence scanner, at 485 nm excitation and 530 nm emission wavelengths. Results of kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the non-fluorescent BCECF-AM in trypanosomes showed that BCECF-AM is readily cleaved by non-specific esterases to a highly fluorescent product. Drug concentrations causing 50% inhibition of fluorescence (IC50-values) were measured fluorimetrically. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined microscopically.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Activity and structure relationship of acridine derivatives against African trypanosomes.

48 newly synthesized acridine derivatives of different classes were screened for antitrypanosomal activity. They showed a dose dependent effect on Trypanosoma rhodesiense and T. brucei bloodstream forms measured by the inhibition of esterase activity in a fluorescence based in vitro assay. After analysis of the IC50 and MIC values of the investigated acridines it was obvious that no new compound reached the level of the trypanocidal drugs in use (50 ng/ml). Most of the derivatives had IC50 values in the range of 1 to 10 micrograms/ml. 9 derivatives from different classes of acridines were in vitro active below 1 microgram/ml. Correlations between structure and effect on trypanosomes have been elucidated by comparing the IC50 and MIC values of these compounds, in the course of which no significant differences in the drug susceptibility between T. brucei und T. rhodesiense was noticed. The dialkylaminoalkyl derivatives among the group of the 9-thioacridines were slightly more potent than the mono-alkylated ones. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-thioacridines showed the influence of higher substituted side chains on the trypanocidal activity in the same way as 9-thioacridines. The corresponding ketones of 9-thioacridines confirmed the tendency of increasing toxicity due to the derivatisation of the dialkylaminoalkyl side chain. Within the series of the 9-aminoacridines the elongation of the side chain did not markedly change the activity, however the IC50 values are generally low between 0.13 and 1.2 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acridines↗
PubMed1994

Breast conservation in elderly women for clinically negative axillary lymph nodes without axillary dissection.

BACKGROUND: A prospective study was initiated to explore an approach of limited therapy in elderly patients with early clinical stage breast cancer. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1989, 73 women with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage I/II, clinically negative axillary lymph nodes aged 65 years or older (median age, 74 years) were enrolled in a treatment program consisting of tumor excision, breast and regional lymph node irradiation, and, in 66 patients, tamoxifen. Patients were assessed for disease outcome and complications. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 54 months, 8-year rates of local and regional lymph node control were 92.5% and 100%, respectively. Eight-year probabilities of disease free, overall, and breast cancer specific survival were 84%, 52.5%, and 93.8%, respectively. There was minimal morbidity associated with either regional irradiation or tamoxifen. CONCLUSIONS: An approach to early breast cancer in the elderly that seeks to limit the aggressiveness of local and systemic therapies appears to result in a satisfactory disease outcome with few complications.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1994

[Hypercalcemia].

Severe hypercalcemia is mainly caused by inappropriately high concentrations of compounds which promote bone resorption, in particular PTH, PTHrP, or 1,25 (OH)2D3. The major consequences are impaired central nervous system and kidney function (polyuria/dehydration); the latter, in turn, aggravate hypercalcemia via decreased fluid intake, mobility, and renal calcium clearance. The most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyperparathyroidism and tumors, drugs (in particular thiazides, lithium, vitamin D and vitamin A and their derivatives), granulomatous and infectious diseases. The patient with mild hypercalcemia should be controlled (and if necessary operated on for adenoma of the parathyroid glands), while the patient with acute severe hypercalcemia needs to be treated immediately by (1.) 0.9% NaCl i.v. to restore plasma volume, (2.) bisphophonates i.v. to block bone resorption, and (3.) therapy for the underlying disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Medical compared with surgical treatment for massive pulmonary embolism.

We compared embolectomy (when available) with thrombolysis in patients with shock and massive pulmonary embolism. 13 patients were operated on, 10 (77%) of whom survived. The inferior vena cava was routinely clipped. The 24 medically treated patients were given alteplase until systemic and pulmonary artery pressures stabilised and heparin thereafter; 16 (67%) survived. Major haemorrhage occurred in 28% of medically treated patients, but was not fatal. 1 patient had a small cerebral haemorrhage that resolved without drainage. One-fifth of the medical group had a re-embolism, which suggests that temporary caval umbrellas are indicated in medically treated patients. Thrombolysis may provide a life-saving option and a randomised trial is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Successful heterotopic heart transplantation in rat.

Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats has become a substantial tool for numerous investigations. This report describes a surgical technique of infrarenal heterotopic heart transplantation with a prodigious surgical success rate which was developed over many years of practice. Difficulties arising from anatomic variations are depicted and alternative approaches are discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with disseminated T-cell lymphoma: a report of two siblings.

Two siblings with evidence of disseminated T-cell lymphoma at the time of diagnosis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) are reported, an association which has not been described previously. The first child with typical clinical and laboratory features of FHL died shortly after admission, before diagnosis could be established. Retrospective analysis of autoptic tissue revealed marked hemophagocytosis as well as morphological and immunohistochemical features suggestive of disseminated T-cell lymphoma. In the second child, FHL was diagnosed in time. Subsequent histologic investigation of bone marrow biopsies displayed a focal infiltration by T-cell lymphoma. DNA hybridization studies provided evidence of a monoclonal T-cell receptor beta chain gene rearrangement. Following conventional chemotherapeutic induction for FHL, the patient received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) from a related healthy donor. Currently, 17 months after BMT, the boy is in unmaintained remission from FHL and T-cell lymphoma. The current pathogenetic concepts for FHL and a possible relationship between T-cell lymphoma and FHL are discussed.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1994

The role of leukocyte adhesion molecules in acute transplant rejection.

The specific adhesion of cells to other cells or to particular tissues or tissue components is a basic function of cell migration and recognition and underlies many biologic processes including embryogenesis, repair, and immunity. Adhesion molecules are involved in and mediate most cell to cell interactions, implement migration of leukocytes to inflammatory or alloantigenic sites, and costimulate well activation and transformation. Because of these functions, the subject of adhesion molecules is gaining broader interest in the field of transplantation, particularly in the conceptualization and development of future treatment strategies. These molecules influence not only the first interaction between host leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells of the graft but also their migration through the grafted tissues. These contacts seem to be based initially on antigen-independent events of adhesion, which then progress to the antigen-dependent events of antigen recognition and host cell activation. This review evaluates current studies concerning the role of adhesion molecules in the context of the multifaceted processes of allograft rejection.

Acute Disease↗