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Biomedical subjects

C S White

Publications and source records attributed to C S White.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The impact of routine chest radiography on the management of patients admitted from an emergency service.

Adult patients entering a hospital usually undergo a routine admission chest radiographic examination (RACXR). Recently, this practice has been questioned. The clinical course of 188 patients admitted to an adult medical service from the emergency area of an inner city hospital was assessed prospectively. Each of these patients underwent RACXR, ie, the only indication for the examination was admission to the hospital. Four subpopulations considered to be at high risk for treatment-altering radiographic abnormalities were defined prospectively: age of 65 years or older, cigarette smokers, altered mental status, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity. RACXR abnormalities were significantly more common in the subpopulations at high risk (104/127, 82%) than in the population at low risk (37/61, 61%) (P less than .01). Abnormalities on RACXR led to altered treatment in five (3%) of the 188 inpatients. Each of these five patients was a member of a subpopulation at high risk (5/127, 4%). Because results suggest that various clinical considerations may affect the yield of RACXR, it is proposed that a blanket recommendation to eliminate RACXR is premature.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Incidence of oxygen desaturation during oral surgery outpatient procedures.

The frequency, severity, and duration of oxygen desaturation during oral surgical procedures in outpatients was measured. Sixty patients divided into six groups received either lidocaine; lidocaine, diazepam, and meperidine; lidocaine, diazepam, meperidine, and headphone music; lidocaine, diazepam, meperidine, and nitrous oxide; lidocaine, diazepam, meperidine, methohexital, and nitrous oxide; or lidocaine and nitrous oxide. Forty-three percent of the 30 patients who did not receive supplemental oxygen experienced clinically significant oxygen desaturation (greater than 5%) with a mean duration of 4.6 minutes. Only 13% of the patients who received supplemental oxygen had significant desaturation ranging from ten seconds to 12.3 minutes with a mean duration of 1.4 minutes. An unexpected finding was hypoxia in patients receiving only lidocaine anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative association between the in vitro human tumor stem cell assay and clinical response to cancer chemotherapy.

Objective methods have been developed to quantitate results of the in vitro human tumor stem cell assay, the degree of the association between the in vitro assay and clinical response as well as the likelihood of response. Methods considered to quantitate in vitro assay data included first-order kinetics of percent survival with drug concentration, minimal percent of tumor colony-forming unit survival at low drug concentrations, and area under the in vitro percent survival-drug concentration curve. Based upon experimental data, the percent tumor colony survival and the area under the curve (i.e., in vitro sensitivity indices) were concluded to better account than other methods for the commonly observed nonlinear shape of the in vitro curves. The two methods also yielded equivalent quantitative descriptions of the in vitro data. A logistic regression model was used for explicit quantitation of the relationship between the in vitro sensitivity index and predicted probability of clinical response. Very high association was observed between the predicted in vivo and actual clinical response for the cytotoxic drugs considered. Incorporation of other pharmacologic and patient prognostic factors into the quantitative methods is discussed and shown to improve their effectiveness.

Antineoplastic Agents↗