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Biomedical subjects

C S Smith

Publications and source records attributed to C S Smith.

149 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
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Fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused by West Nile virus.

During 1999 and 2000, a disease outbreak of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in humans, horses, and wild and zoological birds in the northeastern USA. In our experiments, WN virus infection of young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused depression, weight loss, torticollis, opisthotonus, and death with accompanying encephalitis and myocarditis. Based on this experimental study and a field outbreak in Israel, WN virus is a disease threat to young goslings and viremia levels are potentially sufficient to infect mosquitoes and transmit WN virus to other animal species.

Animals↗
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Strategies to enhance internal validity in multi-center longitudinal research.

Lack of standardized data collection procedures in multi-center longitudinal research poses potential threats to the internal validity of the study. This article addresses several key issues in data collection that can affect the results of longitudinal research. The authors describe these issues in relation to the study currently in progress and cite specific strategies used during data collection to reduce or eliminate data collection inconsistencies. Use of these strategies is not limited to longitudinal, nonexperimental causal models. Outcomes managers and clinical nursing researchers may find some of the strategies useful to enhance the internal consistency of experimental and nonexperimental cross-sectional research.

Bias↗