Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C S Smith

Publications and source records attributed to C S Smith.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

HLA type, islet cell antibodies, and glucose intolerance in cystic fibrosis.

Impaired glucose tolerance, assessed by a raised glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) concentration, was found in 24 (39%) out of 61 patients with cystic fibrosis with an age range of 1-23 years. No correlation between age and HbA1 concentration was found indicating that factors other than progressive pancreatic fibrosis may be important in the aetiology. HLA typing, islet cell antibodies, and autoantibody screen were completed. Eighteen (75%) out of 24 patients with cystic fibrosis who had an impaired glucose tolerance had HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4 antigens compared with 23 (62%) out of 37 patients with normal glucose tolerance. Islet cell antibodies were present in seven (15%) out of 46 patients with cystic fibrosis; the prevalence in a normal population is 0.5%. Five (25%) of the 20 patients with a raised HbA1 concentration were positive for islet cell antibodies compared with two (8%) out of the 26 with normal glucose tolerance. Six (86%) out of seven patients who were positive for islet cell antibodies had HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4 antigens. There was no general autoantibody production. Islet cell antibodies may play a part in the development of glucose intolerance in some patients with cystic fibrosis by being produced in those who are genetically predisposed as part of an immune response to damaged pancreatic tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The effect of mazindol on growth hormone secretion in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Mazindol has been reported to improve muscle function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) by virtue of its growth hormone (GH) suppression. The effects were studied on GH secretion (in response to growth hormone releasing factor and sleep) of mazindol 2 mg daily for 3 months in five boys with DMD. No consistent change was found following mazindol therapy. Adverse effects were noted in all the boys which may preclude long term use of mazindol in DMD.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic method for chlorpromazine and thirteen metabolites.

A rapid and reliable procedure, based on a C8 bonded phase extraction and reversed-phase isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic separation with internal standard quantitation, has been developed for the determination of the antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine and thirteen common metabolites. The method allows quantitation of these analytes at the ng/ml concentration range in human plasma. An evaluation of recovery, detection limits, and reproducibility is presented along with application of the method to patient samples.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1987

Microplate assay for colletotrichum spore production.

A simple microplate method was devised to assay spore production by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by growing the fungus on 1 ml of solid media in the wells of tissue culture plates. Growth and sporulation on microplates were compared at days 4 and 8 with growth and sporulation in 100-ml liquid batch cultures that involved 11 common media. Spore production per unit volume of medium was the same for solid and liquid forms of the media. Qualitative assessment of mycelial growth measured on microplates agreed with that of growth measured in liquid cultures. The microplate assay indicated that V8 juice was the best medium and that an organic content of about 6 mg/ml was optimal for high sporulation and low mycelium production. The assay provides a convenient, rapid, and inexpensive means of screening media for the production of fungal conidia in large numbers, to be used, for example, in biological control programs.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Microcycle Conidiation and Spore-Carrying Capacity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Solid Media.

The effect of spore inoculum density, medium concentration, and temperature on slime-spot formation, spore yield, and mycelium production by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on agar media were studied with a simple microplate assay. A steady-state spore yield (spore-carrying capacity) independent of inoculum density was reached only on media that supported good fungal growth and sporulation. The spore-carrying capacity was reached earlier, the denser the inoculum. On standard mycological media a high inoculum density (2.5 x 10 spores per ml) resulted in a slimy mass of conidia forming a slime spot, a phenomenon associated with greatly reduced mycelium formation and indicative of microcycle conidiation. In contrast, for a similar inoculum density, enhanced mycelial growth preceded sporulation and overrode slime-spot formation on highly concentrated media; a very low medium concentration resulted in much less mycelium, but spore production was also decreased. Exposure to suboptimal growth temperatures of 36 to 48 degrees C for up to 8 days did not induce microcycle conidiation from inocula that did not form a slime spot at 28 degrees C.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Glycosylated haemoglobin and glucose intolerance in cystic fibrosis.

Sixty four patients, age range 1-20 years, with cystic fibrosis had their tolerance to glucose assessed according to their glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) concentrations. Raised concentrations were found in 24 (37.5%). Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed on 21 patients with raised HbA1 and 13 patients with normal HbA1 concentrations. C peptide responses were also measured to assess islet cell function. Patients with normal HbA1 had normal glucose tolerance and C peptide response. Seven of 21 patients with raised HbA1 concentrations were glucose intolerant. The remaining 14 patients with raised HbA1 concentrations had normal glucose tolerance but a reduced C peptide response, suggesting impaired islet cell function. There were no appreciable differences in the incidence of chest infections, respiratory function, and chest x-ray scores among patients with normal HbA1 concentrations, raised HbA1 concentrations, and normal oral glucose tolerant tests, and patients who were glucose intolerant. No correlation was found between HbA1 concentration and age or Shwachman score. Measuring HbA1 concentrations periodically is useful in detecting and monitoring glucose intolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Development of a rapid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic separation for amitriptyline and six biological metabolites.

The development of a rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of amitriptyline, amitriptyline-N-oxide, 10-hydroxyamitriptyline, 10-hydroxynortriptyline (E and Z isomers), nortriptyline and desmethylnortriptyline in plasma and liver tissue is described. A liquid--liquid extraction with hexane--butanol and back-extraction into phosphoric acid provides efficient extraction of amitriptyline-N-oxide along with amitriptyline and the other metabolites. A Supelcosil C8 reversed-phase column with 5-micron packing and a methanol--sodium phosphate buffer--amine modifier mobile phase was used. The combination of mobile phase pH and amine modifier concentration for the best separation within a reasonable analysis time for all seven solutes plus an internal standard was determined using a factorial design coupled with a multi-factor window diagram technique. Ultraviolet detection at 214 nm provided limits of detection of approximately 1 ng/ml.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1986

Management of urinary calculi in pregnancy.

When a calculus is present in the upper urinary tract during pregnancy, the upper tract dilatation seen on radiography and ultrasonography can be due to the calculus or to the pregnancy. This makes the decision on management difficult unless there are associated clinical findings of pain or sepsis. The records of 24 pregnant patients with proved urinary calculi were reviewed. The stone passed spontaneously in 18 patients, and procedures to remove the stone were required in 6 for pain and/or sepsis. With an upper urinary tract calculus and dilatation during pregnancy the deciding factors for intervention were the clinical findings of pain and/or sepsis and not the dilatation alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Clinical indications for radiographic evaluation of blunt renal trauma.

The evaluation of patients with blunt renal trauma has become controversial. We tested the hypothesis that renal contusion can be diagnosed clinically and that these patients do not require radiographic evaluation. To evaluate the association of microhematuria without shock and with renal contusion, we reviewed the medical records of 831 patients with hematuria following blunt renal trauma. Microscopic hematuria without shock was noted in 160 of 241 patients without and 334 of 590 with associated injuries. Of the former 160 patients 159 had renal contusion and 1 had a renal laceration, while of the latter 334 patients 329 had renal contusion, 3 had renal laceration, 1 had renal rupture and 1 had a pedicle injury. Most patients with microscopic hematuria and no shock after blunt renal trauma had a renal contusion, especially those with no associated injury. All of the patients with renal contusions experienced no complications from nonoperative management. However, avoiding a radiographic evaluation in patients with blunt renal trauma plus microhematuria and no shock would miss a few cases of severe renal injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis and primary juvenile hypothyroidism.

The pathogenesis of slipped upper femoral epiphysis is unknown but the condition has been linked with various endocrine disorders. Nine patients with slipped epiphyses in association with primary juvenile hypothyroidism are presented. In all patients, slipping occurred or symptoms developed in the affected hip before the hypothyroidism was diagnosed. A generalised pathology was suggested by the absence of trauma (8 patients), by bilateral slipping (6 patients), and by obesity and short stature in all patients. All cases had delayed skeletal maturation and characteristic metaphysial changes were seen on their radiographs. The clinical diagnosis of juvenile hypothyroidism can be difficult but it merits consideration in patients who have a slipped upper femoral epiphysis in association with short stature, obesity, delay in skeletal maturity, or any one of these.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Potential uses of human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor 1-44 amide.

A family of growth hormone releasing peptides have been isolated and characterized from human pancreatic islet cell tumours. We have compared the growth hormone release in normal volunteers and patients with various hypothalamo-pituitary disorders, following direct stimulation of the pituitary using 50 micrograms of the most potent homologue, hp GRF 1-44 amide i.v. with that following indirect stimulation using oral clonidine 0.15 mg/m2, which depends on intact hypothalamic mechanisms. These tests both produced a wide variation in GH response in normal volunteers, considerable GH release following hp GRF 1-44 amide but little after clonidine in idiopathic GH deficiency, and indistinguishable, negligible responses in patients with craniopharyngiomas and pituitary tumours associated with GH deficiency. Two untreated acromegalics showed GH increments in the normal range despite elevated basal levels. It is concluded that hp GRF 1-44 amide is of limited diagnostic value by itself, but may be of considerable therapeutic use in patients with idiopathic GH deficiency.

Acromegaly↗