Biomedical subjects

C S Rose

Publications and source records attributed to C S Rose.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: sensitivity of high-resolution CT in a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis refers to a group of pulmonary disorders caused by inhalation of organic or inorganic particulates by sensitized persons. The diagnosis relies on a constellation of findings: exposure to an offending antigen, characteristic signs and symptoms, abnormal chest findings on physical examination, and abnormalities on pulmonary function tests and radiographic evaluation. In population-based studies, the sensitivity of chest radiography for detection of this disease is relatively low. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of high-resolution CT (HRCT) for detection of hypersensitivity pneumonitis diagnosed in a population of swimming-pool employees. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one symptomatic employees of a recreation center who were referred because of possible hypersensitivity pneumonitis were examined by using chest radiography, HRCT, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis was diagnosed in subjects who had two or more work-related signs or symptoms, abnormal results on transbronchial biopsies, and abnormal lymphocytosis as shown by examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The chest radiographs and HRCT scans were interpreted by consensus by two observers who were unaware of the clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Only one of 11 subjects with a diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis had abnormal findings on a chest radiograph. Five had abnormal HRCT findings. The abnormality in each case consisted of small, poorly defined centrilobular nodules with variable profusion. No subject without the disease had abnormal HRCT findings. Those who had granulomas shown by lung biopsy were more likely to have abnormal HRCT findings than were those who had more subtle histologic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of HRCT for the detection of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a population-based study is greater than that of chest radiography. The finding of poorly defined centrilobular nodules on HRCT scans should prompt consideration of this disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Olfactory impairment after chronic occupational cadmium exposure.

Disorders of olfaction affect millions of Americans, but the extent to which occupational and environmental exposures contribute to these disorders is unknown. We examined 55 workers with chronic occupational exposure to cadmium fumes in a brazing operation. We estimated cadmium body burden using urinary cadmium levels and assessed cadmium-induced renal damage by urinary beta 2-microglobulin levels. We quantified olfactory function using a standardized test that measured two components of olfaction, butanol detection threshold and odor identification, and compared workers with a reference group. Forty-four percent of the cadmium-exposed workers were mildly hyposmic, and 13% were either moderately or severely hyposmic. In the reference group, 31% were mildly hyposmic, and the rest were normosmic. The workers with both high urinary cadmium levels and tubular proteinuria had the most significant olfactory dysfunction, with a selective defect in odor detection threshold. Our findings suggest that chronic occupational cadmium exposure sufficient to cause renal damage also is associated with impairment in olfactory function.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Poliovirus antigen chimeras.

Poliovirus, the aetiological agent of paralytic poliomyelitis, is arguably the best characterized of all animal viruses. Using recombinant-DNA technology, this information, together with the availability of infectious cDNA clones of the notably safe and efficacious live attenuated Sabin 1 vaccine strains of poliovirus, has enabled the creation of hybrid viruses (chimeras) possessing novel antigenicity. The potential applications of these 'epitope-presentation systems' include their use as immunogens, as antigens for serodiagnosis, and as vaccines.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1990

Neurosurgery with craniotomy and CT stereotactic guidance in the treatment of intracerebral space-occupying lesions.

When intracerebral space-occupying lesions are small or located deeply within the brain parenchyma, it is sometimes difficult to localize them at surgery or to design the most direct and least hazardous surgical approach. Therefore, we have developed a method that combines conventional neurosurgical techniques with craniotomy using stereotactic guidance. We have used the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) stereotactic system, which allows for computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance and does not interfere with the absolute sterility mandatory each time a flap is created. Eleven patients were operated on using this method. The deep tumors were approached through a linear incision of the cerebral cortex. Then a needle, fixed in the right position on the arc system of the BRW, was inserted toward the surface of the lesion; the exposure was finally widened by inflation of a rubber balloon set on the stereotactic needle. This technique allows the two lips of the cortical incision to be glued at the end of the operation. Gluing with a fibrin glue avoids the postoperative subdural collections that often develop when the ventricle has been opened. Except for one case, the postoperative course was uncomplicated in these patients. No permanent postoperative neurological worsening was observed even after the removal of an intrathalamic tumor.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed1989

Neuropsychological effects of occupational exposure to cadmium.

Neuropsychological functioning was measured in 31 male workers exposed to cadmium in a refrigerator coil manufacturing plant. Workers with high urinary cadmium levels performed less well than did those with low urinary cadmium levels on measures of attention, psychomotor speed, and memory. There were modest correlations between one of two biologic measures of cadmium exposure and neuropsychological performance. The neuropsychological impairments cannot readily be attributed to exposure to other neurotoxins, alcohol intake, CNS effects of renal dysfunction, or psychological distress. Cadmium body burden has previously been related to intelligence and school achievement of children; this study would appear to be the first to suggest that occupational exposure to cadmium is associated with cognitive impairment in adults. Cadmium interferes with several important nervous system functions, but the mechanisms of neurotoxicity remain uncertain.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Conversion of glucose to fatty acids and methane: roles of two mycoplasmal agents.

Two species of obligately anaerobic mycoplasmas were the major components of a methanogenic glucose-limited enrichment culture. In pure culture, one of these organisms, tentatively named Anaeroplasma sp. strain London, was shown to be responsible for the fermentation of glucose to fatty acids, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide; the other mycoplasma was shown to produce methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and was named Methanoplasma elizabethii. This same methanogenic mycoplasma contained a low-molecular-weight fluorescent cofactor which had a maximum light absorbance at 430 nm. When both species of mycoplasmas were grown together on glucose, fermentation products included fatty acids and methane. For the first time, mycoplasmas are implicated as agents of anaerobic degradation and methanogenesis in a sewage sludge digester.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMed1976

Age differences in vitamin B6 status of 617 men.

The effect of age on vitamin B6 metabolism was studied in 617 community-dwelling subjects, ages 18 to 90. These are, for the most part, clinically healthy, educated men whose intake of nutrients is not limited by economic factors. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) was used as the primary criterion of vitamin B6 status. About one-third of the subjects were taking supplementary vitamins on their own initiative. The amount of pyridoxine-HCl varied from 0.1 to 105 mg/day. The average plasma PLP of the men not taking a supplement (N = 414) was 12.3 +/-0.3 ng/ml, with 25% of the values below 7.5 ng/ml and 7% below 5 ng/ml. There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma PLP with age of 0.9 ng/ml per decade. For those taking a supplement, the average plasma PLP was 20.5 +/- 1.0 ng/ml, with only 8% of the values below 7.5 ng/ml and none below 5 ng/ml. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity in plasma (PGOT) and erythrocytes (EGOT) was determined on all subjects. The ratio of EGOT with in vitro stimulation by PLP to EGOT actual (alpha-EGOT) was also studied. These studies provide the most extensive normative data on vitamin B6 status available on men in the adult years of life.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976