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Biomedical subjects

C S Rhee

Publications and source records attributed to C S Rhee.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck is relatively rare and is characterized by slow evolution, multiple recurrences, protracted clinical course, and late distant metastasis. This article presents its peculiar clinical course, response to therapy, and long-term treatment results by analyzing 67 cases treated from 1979 to 1991 at the Seoul (Korea) National University Hospital. The most common primary site was the parotid gland in the major salivary glands and the nose and paranasal sinuses in the minor salivary glands. The local control rate was 71.1% at 5 years and 44.3% at 8 years. Late-occurring distant metastases did not allow a plateau in survival curves, even after 8 years. Our study also revealed that surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy could yield better local control.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The manifestation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of immunostaining with a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody (PC10) to proliferating cell nuclear antigen in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). DESIGN: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from patients with ACC were stained with PC10, and an index (percentage of positively staining cells per tumor cells) was calculated. The patients' clinical course was compared with the PC10 index. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 177 months (mean, 64 months). SETTING: Patient selection and immunohistochemical studies were done at Seoul (Korea) National University Hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-eight cases of ACC were retrieved from our files between January 1979 and December 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All of the cases expressed the PC10 antibody. The PC10 index ranged from 1.0% to 44% (mean, 14.5%). We divided the 28 cases into two groups: group 1 (PC10 index, less than 15%) and group 2 (PC10 index, greater than 15%). RESULTS: The PC10 index (groups 1 and 2) did not correlate with established pathologic grades, tumor staging, local recurrences, or survival rates. However, those with higher PC10 indexes (group 2) exhibited significantly increased distant metastases compared with those with lower indexes (group 1). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the proliferating cell nuclear antigen in ACC may be used as an indicator in the prediction of distant metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Histopathologic changes in the olfactory epithelium in mice after exposure to sulfur dioxide.

To investigate the effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on olfactory epithelium, an experiment was performed with 56 mice from the same colony. Experimental animals were divided into three groups consisting of a 30-min exposure group (group 1), a 60-min exposure group (group 2), and a 120-min exposure group (group 3). The olfactory mucosa in these mice were studied by light microscopy immediately, and after 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h exposure to 20 ppm of SO2. Edema, loss of cilia, epithelial thinning, and epithelial desquamation in the olfactory epithelium were observed in groups 2 and 3. The basal lamina and the connective tissue were well preserved throughout the entire mucosa. Injuries to olfactory epithelium became severer with exposure time. These changes were further pronounced 24 h after exposure. Regenerated epithelia were not observed in any group. Scanning electron microscopic findings were consistent with light microscopic findings. Olfactory epithelial surface were consistent with light microscopic findings. Olfactory epithelial surface was sloughed off and revealed, underlining intact basal lamina. The results of this study suggest that early lesions of olfactory epithelium after exposure to SO2 may be primarily degenerative.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

Risperidone versus haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients: a parallel group double-blind comparative trial.

A parallel group double-blind comparative trial was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of risperidone compared with haloperidol. After a one-week wash-out, 35 chronic schizophrenic patients (17 males, 18 females) were randomly assigned to one of two groups for eight weeks of double-blind treatment. The patients' psychopathology was assessed by means of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Safety assessments included the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale, vital signs, body weight, ECG and laboratory screening. Thirty-two patients completed the trial: there were 3 dropouts in the risperidone group. The results on the PANSS and CGI indicate that the mean changes from baseline on the total PANSS score and on the total BPRS score were comparable in both treatment groups. The number of patients where a clinical improvement at least 20% reduction in baseline score was also similar in both treatment groups. Risperidone caused less extrapyramidal symptoms and less side effects in UKU scale than haloperidol. No significant ECG changes were induced, no relevant changes in blood pressure or clinical laboratory parameters were observed. This study has demonstrated that the combined serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine-D2 antagonist risperidone is an antipsychotic as potent as haloperidol. Risperidone causes less extrapyramidal symptoms, and is better tolerated than haloperidol.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in treatment of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer, which is notorious for its poor prognosis and severe surgical morbidity with functional deficits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 62 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx, Stage III or IV (AJCC, 1992), were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed an overall response rate of 87% and a complete remission (CR) rate was 67% following chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The patients who did not show CR after chemotherapy had a high likelihood of treatment failure, even though they achieved CR following subsequent radiotherapy. Thirteen of 30 patients were able to preserve their larynges for more than 3 years by chemotherapy and radiation. CONCLUSION: This approach appeared to be as effective as radical surgery with postoperative radiation therapy without comprising survival. To improve the cure rates, we need to develop better strategies to increase CR rates with chemotherapy and determine the best treatment option for patients who are partially or nonresponsive to chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta on proliferation of human nasal epithelial cells in vitro.

Previous reports suggest that cytokines may be involved in proliferation of the epithelium. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cytokines, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta on proliferation of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in vitro. Primary cells were cultured from HNECs on collagen gel matrix. Subcultured HNECs were incubated in a medium with recombinant human (rh) cytokines, rhIL-1 beta, rhTNF-alpha, and rhTGF-beta at different concentrations of 0.01 ng/mL, 0.1 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL. After 2-day incubation with these cytokines, daily cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay for 6 days. While rhIL-1 beta inhibited proliferation of HNECs in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners, rhTNF-a stimulated HNEC growth at concentrations ranging from 0.01 ng/mL to 10 ng/mL in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. In contrast, rhTGF-b inhibited HNEC growth irrespective of concentration and incubation time. This study suggests that IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta may have an important role in the repair of the nasal mucosa by regulating proliferation of the nasal epithelium.

Cell Division↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased expression of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-beta mRNAs in maxillary mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis.

This study aimed to investigate expression of various cytokine mRNAs, including IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in maxillary sinus mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis. Maxillary sinus mucosae of six patients with chronic sinusitis and turbinate mucosae of six healthy subjects were obtained. We performed RT-PCR and Southern blot to examine gene expression of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in maxillary sinus mucosa and compared the results with cytokine gene expressions in normal turbinate mucosa. IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were expressed more frequently in maxillary sinus mucosa from patients with chronic sinusitis than in normal turbinate mucosa. All the maxillary sinus mucosa specimens revealed relatively higher mean density ratio for each cytokine investigated than did normal turbinate mucosa. IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were expressed simultaneously in maxillary sinus mucosa of chronic sinusitis. These cytokines may be responsible for recruitment of inflammatory cells and for mucosal thickening in chronic sinusitis, and thus chronicity of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta on ciliary beat frequency of human nasal ciliated epithelial cells in vitro.

Previous reports suggested that several cytokines may influence the ciliary beat of the airway ciliated epithelial cells. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of cytokines including IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of human nasal ciliated epithelial cells. CBF of cultured human nasal ciliated epithelial cells was measured 24 hours after incubating with concentrations of 0.01 ng/mL, 0.1 ng/mL, 1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 100 ng/mL of each recombinant human (rh) cytokine including rhIL-1 beta, rhTNF-alpha, and rhTGF-beta. CBF was measured with time at concentrations of 1 ng/mL of rhIL-1 beta, 10 ng/mL of TNF-alpha, and 1 ng/mL of TGF-beta solutions. CBF of the human nasal ciliated epithelial cells increased after addition of rhIL-1 beta and rhTNF-alpha. Maximum CBF was observed at 1 ng/mL of rhIL-1 beta and at 10 ng/mL of rhTNF-alpha. CBF increased progressively to 4 hours after addition of rhIL-1 beta and rhTNF-alpha. Increased CBF sustained for 24 hours and decreased by 2 days. However, no variation of CBF was observed after addition of rhTGF-beta, regardless of concentrations and time. The results of this study suggest that during acute inflammation, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha may have a potential role in defense mechanism of human nasal epithelium by regulating CBF of the nasal ciliated epithelial cells.

Adult↗