Arteriovenous malformation of the mandible.
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Arteriovenous Malformations↗
Biomedical subjects
C S Miller
Publications and source records attributed to C S Miller.
Detection of HPV DNA in oral carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction together with in situ hybridization.
This study determined the prevalence of human papillomavirus 16/18 DNA in deparaffinized oral carcinoma specimens on slides with the use of the different sensitivities of in situ hybridization and a technique that combines polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Human papillomavirus DNA was not detected in the 30 biopsy specimens analyzed by in situ hybridization alone using biotinylated DNA probes specific for human papillomavirus 16/18. Twenty of 30 specimens (66.7%) were found to have human papillomavirus DNA (p < 0.001) with the use of the polymerase chain reaction-in situ hybridization technique. Human papillomavirus 16 was detected in 18 of 26 specimens (69.2%), and 7 of 25 carcinomas (28%) were found to contain human papillomavirus 18. Dual infections were present in 5 of 21 (23.8%) specimens. Human papillomavirus DNA was more prevalent in men (75%) than women (57.1%). However, there was no difference in the mean age of patients with oral carcinoma (men, 67.8 years; women, 67.5 years) who had human papillomavirus and those who did not (67.2 years). Carcinomas associated with dual infections occurred at a lower mean age (59.4 years) than those associated with a single human papillomavirus type (p < 0.005). We conclude that the polymerase chain reaction-in situ hybridization technique enhances our ability to demonstrate human papillomavirus types highly associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Adult↗
Psychological characteristics and subjective intolerance for xenobiotic agents of normal young adults with trait shyness and defensiveness. A parkinsonian-like personality type?
The present study examines the psychological characteristics and self-reported responses to xenobiotic agents such as tobacco smoke and pesticide of normal young adults with personality traits similar to those claimed for Parkinsonian patients. Previous research, though controversial, has suggested that persons with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) have premorbid personality traits that may include shyness and repressive defensiveness. Other epidemiological evidence indicates that PD patients may have premorbidly increased prevalence of anxiety, affective, and/or somatoform disorders; decreased rates of smoking and alcohol consumption; and elevated exposure to herbicides or pesticides. A total of 783 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course completed the Cheek-Buss Scale (shyness), the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (defensiveness), Symptom Checklist 90 (revised), the Mastery Scale, a health history checklist, and rating scales for frequency of illness from alcohol and 10 common environmental chemicals. Subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of above- versus below-median scores on the Cheek-Buss and Marlowe-Crowne scales (persons high in shyness and defensiveness, those high only in shyness, those high only in defensiveness, and those low in both shyness and defensiveness). The group high in shyness but low in defensiveness had the highest, whereas the group low in shyness but high in defensiveness had the lowest, total scores on the SCL-90-R; the two shyest groups were lowest in sense of mastery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus infections of the oral cavity.
Herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus are epitheliotrophic viruses common to the oral cavity. They produce acute and chronic disorders of oral mucosa of interest to the dermatologist. Most of these lesions are benign in nature. However, both viruses are harbored latently, and their malignant potential remains to be defined.
Adult↗
Parents' responses to vaccine information pamphlets.
OBJECTIVE: To assess parents' knowledge and opinions about immunizations and immunization practices before and after introduction of vaccine information pamphlets. RESEARCH DESIGN: Telephone questionnaire administered to parents whose children received immunizations in the preceding week. SETTING: Six private pediatric practices in Nashville area and resident continuity clinic at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Parents whose children were scheduled to receive immunizations were asked to participate. Interviews were completed with 177 parents whose children received immunizations before and 156 parents after pamphlets were introduced. These two groups of parents had similar demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Parents who received vaccine information pamphlets learned more about vaccines (2.38 facts/parent after vs 1.18/parent before vaccine information pamphlets, z = -6.28, P < .0001) and were more eager to obtain immunizations for their children (76% vs 38%, chi 2 = 47.24, P < .001). Receipt of pamphlets did not make parents significantly more likely to report side effects from vaccines (63% after vs 55% before, NS) but tended to make them less likely to turn to non health care providers for information (58% after vs 69% before, chi 2 = 3.73, P = .06). Parents who received pamphlets, however, said more often that they received too much information (20% vs 4%, chi 2 = 14.9, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine information pamphlets enhanced parents' knowledge and acceptance of immunizations. There is room for further improvement.
Child↗
Pericoronal radiolucencies with and without radiopacities.
Pericoronal radiolucencies are common entities of the jaws that account for about 15% to 20% of all biopsy specimens. They are usually slow-growing, benign entities that involve odontogenic epithelium and the crown of a nonerupting tooth. Many lesions develop early in life and are detected during routine radiographic examination. Others are found in later years when a patient presents with a slow-growing swelling. The dentist is often the first provider to encounter these conditions. Thus, he or she must be familiar with their appearance and understand the proper management required.
Dental Sac↗
UV-enhanced replication of herpes simplex virus in DNA-repair competent and deficient fibroblasts.
Replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 was enhanced in fibroblast cultures when cells were ultraviolet irradiated 12 to 48 hours before infection. Maximum enhancement (340% increase) occurred at exposures of 9.6 J/m2 in DNA-repair competent fibroblasts. Repair deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells responded to lower ultraviolet exposures (1.6 to 5.6 J/m2) with lower levels of enhancement (37% to 140%). Ultraviolet irradiation of host cells before infection increased viral DNA synthesis, but did not alter the ability of the cell to adsorb virus. Prostaglandins were not shown to contribute to the process. These results suggest that ultraviolet-enhanced replication of herpes simplex virus may be associated with DNA-repair activities, and that ultraviolet-enhanced herpes simplex virus replication should be further examined for its contribution to herpes simplex virus recurrence in vivo.
DNA Repair↗
In situ hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus in orofacial lesions using a consensus biotinylated probe.
The effectiveness of the Viratype Omniprobe in situ human papillomavirus tissue hybridization kit (Digene Diagnostics) was evaluated for the detection of HPV DNA in common orofacial lesions. Seventy mucocutaneous lesions were hybridized with a biotinylated Omniprobe that was specific for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, and 56. Eighteen (25.7%) of the specimens analyzed had intranuclear positive signals for HPV. Probing with HPV 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/35 to delimit the HPV genotype yielded HPV DNA 6/11 in 16 (88.9%) of the Omniprobe-positive specimens. Only squamous papilloma and condyloma acuminatum were found to harbor HPV DNA. Sites most frequently infected were the labial and buccal mucosa (21.7%) and the floor of the mouth (17.4%). These results suggest that hybridization with the Omniprobe provides appropriate sensitivity and specificity for detecting HPV in some benign proliferations of the oral cavity. However, the detection of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma, lichen planus, and keratoacanthoma remains problematic until more sensitive and specific molecular techniques are used.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
An olfactory-limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: possible relationships to kindling and affective spectrum disorders.
This paper reviews the clinical and experimental literature on patients with multiple adverse responses to chemicals (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity Syndrome-MCS) and develops a model for MCS based on olfactory-limbic system dysfunction that overlaps in part with Post's kindling model for affective disorders. MCS encompasses a broad range of chronic polysymptomatic conditions and complaints whose triggers are reported to include low levels of common indoor and outdoor environmental chemicals, such as pesticides and solvents. Other investigators have found evidence of increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and somatization disorders in MCS patients and have concluded that their psychiatric conditions account for the clinical picture. However, none of these studies has presented any data on the effects of chemicals on symptoms or on objective measures of nervous system function. Synthesis of the MCS literature with large bodies of research in neurotoxicology, occupational medicine, and biological psychiatry, suggests that the phenomenology of MCS patients overlaps that of affective spectrum disorders and that both involve dysfunction of the limbic pathways. Animal studies demonstrate that intermittent repeated low level environmental chemical exposures, including pesticides, cause limbic kindling. Kindling (full or partial) is one central nervous system mechanism that could amplify reactivity to low levels of inhaled and ingested chemicals and initiate persistent affective, cognitive, and somatic symptomatology in both occupational and nonoccupational settings. As in animal studies, inescapable and novel stressors could cross-sensitize with chemical exposures in some individuals to generate adverse responses on a neurochemical basis. The olfactory-limbic model raises testable neurobiological hypotheses that could increase understanding of the multifactorial etiology of MCS and of certain overlapping affective spectrum disorders.
Air Pollutants↗
Pharmacists' compensation and work patterns, 1990-91.
Several major trends were observed in these findings from the 1990-91 National Pharmacists' Compensation Survey (for details see the final report). Only 72.6% of licensed pharmacists were working full-time in pharmacy; another 14.4% were working part-time in pharmacy, and nearly 13.0% were either not working in pharmacy or not working at all. Although 90.0% of active men pharmacists were working full-time, only 70.7% of active women pharmacists were working full-time. Men were more likely to be working in independent and chain pharmacies as a manager or owner. Women were more likely to be working in hospital or chain pharmacies as a staff pharmacist. Pharmacists' base salary in 1990 was substantially higher for men than for women with averages of $46,661 versus $42,668. Total pharmacy compensation showed a similar pattern but an even greater spread between men and women with averages of $51,032 versus $44,751. However, after adjusting for years in practice and number of hours worked per week, the base HWE for employee pharmacists shows that men and women pharmacists do get "equal pay for equal work" in the first 20 years of practice. The difference that develops between men and women with more years in practice is probably due to the higher proportion of men in management positions and to differences in practice setting preferences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Career Mobility↗
Oral candidal infection.
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Denture Cleansers↗
Documenting medication use in adult dental patients: 1987-1991.
The authors surveyed 5,002 dental outpatients to determine the prevalence and patterns of drug use. They found that drug use increased significantly with age and that a significant number of patients took medications that had potential for adverse dental effects. Thus, dentists should be aware of patient medications and the effects those drugs have on dental treatment.
Adult↗
Incidence of verapamil-induced gingival hyperplasia in a dental population.
The records of 5,000 dental patients were reviewed for history of verapamil use between 1987 and 1990. Twenty-four dentate patients who received verapamil for more than 1 year were identified. Of these, gingival hyperplasia occurred in 1 patient (4.1%) that was limited to the mandibular attached gingiva. Onset of gingival overgrowth was associated with drug dosage, bacterial accumulation, and gingival inflammation. Histologically, the findings resembled that seen in hyperplasia induced by phenytoin, cyclosporin, and other calcium channel blockers. Our data suggest that gingival hyperplasia caused by verapamil occurs less frequently than nifedipine-induced gingival hyperplasia.
Age Factors↗
Diagnosis and management of orofacial herpes simplex virus infections.
HSV disease remains a significant problem for the dental profession because of its widespread occurrence and ready transmission. Fortunately, available diagnostic techniques are highly sensitive and specific, antiviral therapy is effective in limiting the course of infection, and contemporary infection control procedures adequately safeguard dental personnel and the patient. Unfortunately, there is still a large segment of the population already infected with HSV-1 and the number of immunosuppressed latently infected patients continues to increase. Thus, patients will continue to need the help of the knowledgeable and willing dentist who can diagnose HSV-1 infection, provide effective treatment, and prevent transmission.
Facial Dermatoses↗
Six novel deleterious and three neutral mutations in the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of hexosaminidase A in non-Jewish individuals.
Initial investigations demonstrated that only 3/34 "Tay-Sachs chromosomes" in 22 unrelated, non-Jewish patients or carriers of some form of GM2-gangliosidosis (7 black and 15 non-Jewish Caucasian) had either of the two mutations commonly found in the Jewish population. To determine the nature and incidence of the alterations in this non-Jewish population we have utilized PCR, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing to detect new mutations in genomic DNA. Fourteen primer sets have been utilized to analyze 80% of the coding region and 23/26 splice sites of the gene coding for the alpha chain of hexosaminidase A. Presumed deleterious mutations were discovered in 17/34 chromosomes believed to be carrying a beta-hexosaminidase A alpha-subunit gene mutation. Ten had abnormalities which have been described previously. In the remaining 24 Tay-Sachs disease alleles, six novel mutations predicted to be deleterious were discovered. These include two small deletions (a single-base frameshift and a three-base deletion removing an amino acid), two different nonsense mutations, an initiation codon mutation (ATG----GTG), and a missense mutation (Arg499Cys) in a highly conserved residue. In addition, three presumed nondeleterious mutations were found.
Base Sequence↗
In situ hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus DNA in oral mucosal lesions.
Commercial biotinylated DNA probes specific for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11; 16 and 18; and 31, 33, and 35 were used for in situ hybridization analysis of 105 oral mucosal specimens from 5 cases of verruca vulgaris, 15 cases of condyloma acuminatum, 30 cases of squamous papilloma, 20 cases of hyperkeratosis/acanthosis, 15 cases of epithelial dysplasia, 5 cases of carcinoma in situ, and 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Positive hybridization signals were found in 26 specimens (24.8%). Only HPV-6/11 was detected. HPV DNA occurred significantly more often (p less than 0.005, chi-square analysis) in condyloma acuminatum (100%) and verruca vulgaris (100%) than squamous papilloma (13.3%), hyperkeratotic/acanthotic lesions (10%), and malignant and premalignant lesions (0%). The tongue (19.1%) and labial epithelium (17.1%) were infected most frequently. Nuclear reaction products indicating HPV infection were associated primarily with koilocytes. These results demonstrate the usefulness of commercial biotinylated probes for HPV DNA analysis in routine paraffin-embedded lesion specimens. They confirm HPV involvement in benign lesions of the oral mucosa but fail to associate HPV infection with oral cancer and precancer.
Adolescent↗
In situ detection of HPV DNA in oral mucosal lesions. A comparison of two hybridization kits.
The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of ViraType in situ hybridization kit (Life Technologies, Inc. [LT] and PathoGene (Enzo Diagnostics, Inc. [ED]) in situ hybridization kit for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection in oral tissue. Forty benign oral lesions histologically suspicious for HPV infection were analyzed. Specimens were hybridized with DNA probes specific for HPV types 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/35 [LT] and HPV types 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/51 [ED]. Positive hybridization reactions were seen for HPV DNA type 6/11 only. Hybridization occurred significantly more often (p less than 0.01, McNemar Exact Test) in LT probed specimens (20/40) than ED assayed sections (12/40). HPV DNA sequences were found in 100% condyloma acuminata (13/13), 100% verruca vulgaris (4/4), and 13% squamous papilloma (3/23) using the LT system. The ED probes yielded positive signals in 77% condyloma acuminata (10/13), 25% verruca vulgaris (1/4), and 4.4% squamous papilloma (1/23). A more intense hybridization signal was exhibited using the LT system. The results indicate that the LT probes and detection reagents are more sensitive for detecting HPV DNA in oral mucosal specimens.
Cell Nucleus↗
Enhanced replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in human cells.
The effects of DNA-damaging agents on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were assessed in vitro. Monolayers of human lung fibroblast cell lines were exposed to DNA-damaging agents (methyl methanesulfonate [MMS], methyl methanethiosulfonate [MMTS], ultraviolet light [UV], or gamma radiation [GR]) at specific intervals, before or after inoculation with low levels of HSV-1. The ability of cell monolayers to support HSV-1 replication was measured by direct plaque assay and was compared with that of untreated control samples. In this system, monolayers of different cell lines infected with identical HSV-1 strains demonstrated dissimilar levels of recovery of the infectious virus. Exposure of DNA-repair-competent cell cultures to DNA-damaging agents produced time-dependent enhanced virus replication. Treatment with agent before virus inoculation significantly (p less than 0.025) increased the number of plaques by 10 to 68%, compared with untreated control cultures, while treatment with agent after virus adsorption significantly increased (p less than 0.025) the number of plaques by 7 to 15%. In a parallel series of experiments, cells deficient in DNA repair (xeroderma pigmentosum) failed to support enhanced virus replication. These results suggest that after exposure to DNA-damaging agents, fibroblasts competent in DNA repair amplify the replication of HSV-1, and that DNA-repair mechanisms that act on a variety of chromosomal lesions may be involved in the repair and biological activation of HSV-1 genomes.
Cell Line↗