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Biomedical subjects

C S Lin

Publications and source records attributed to C S Lin.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Calcification of the mitral annulus fibrosus with systemic embolization. A clinicopathologic study of 16 cases.

A review of 1343 autopsies on patients over the age of 40 years revealed 142 patients with calcification of the mitral annulus fibrosus, representing 10.6% of the studied population. Sixteen patients (11.3%) had systemic calcareous embolization. Eight patients showed clinical symptoms reflecting embolization, while the others did not. Three of the patients with clinical manifestations had been admitted to the hospital with a history of a fall and two of these, whose postmortem examination included the brain, showed focal meningitis due to embolization from an infected calcified mitral annulus fibrosus. Another three patients had been admitted to the hospital with a clinical diagnosis of cerebral vascular accident and were found to have focal ischemic necrosis or large cerebral infarcts. These were the result of either calcareous or bland embolization from a thrombus superimposed on an ulcerated calcified annulus. Eight of the 16 patients with calcareous embolization also had had sepsis, six attributable to infective endocarditis complicating the calcified mitral annulus fibrosus. This study suggests the relatively frequent occurrence of spontaneous calcareous embolization from an ulcerated calcified mitral annulus fibrosus in older adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An experimental method to determine the substrate protection of enzyme against deactivation in a reversible reaction.

The substrate protection effect on an enzyme in a reversible reaction was studied by using glucose isomerase immobilized in small particles (radius less than 100 micron). Deactivation of the enzyme at various substrate concentrations in Tris buffer, pH 8.25, at 62.1 degrees C was studied in eight-column reactor sets. At set times the immobilized enzyme in one of the eight reactors was taken out and rinsed thoroughly, and then its residual activity was determined. The conclusions are, first, that the protection by the reactant is equal to the protection by the product, and, secondly, that the half-life of the enzyme increases slowly at high sugar concentrations. Thus the experimental method described here appears to be a useful one for the determination of substrate protection of enzyme deactivation in reversible reactions.

Aldose-Ketose Isomerases↗
PubMed1986

Glutamic acid decarboxylase and somatostatin immunoreactivities in rat visual cortex.

Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and somatostatin (SS) were used to determine the laminar distribution and morphology of GAD- and SS-immunoreactive neurons and terminals in rat visual cortex. The present study demonstrates that GAD-immunoreactive neurons constitute several morphologically distinct subclasses of neurons in rat visual cortex. These subclasses of neurons can be distinguished by differences in soma size, soma shape, dendritic branching patterns, axonal arborizations, and location in the neuropil. GAD-immunoreactive neurons are found throughout all layers of visual cortex. They have nonpyramidal morphology and constitute roughly 15% of the total neuronal population. The laminar pattern of GAD-immunoreactive puncta is uneven, with a prominent band of terminals in layer IV. Numerous large GAD-positive puncta surround the somata and proximal dendrites of pyramidal cells in layers II, III, and V. SS-immunoreactive neurons constitute a less numerous and more restricted population of nonpyramidal neurons. Their somata are located mainly in layers II, III, V, and VI. Very few, if any, SS-immunoreactive neurons are found in layers I and IV. SS-immunoreactive terminals are arranged along vertical and diagonal collateral branches that have a beaded appearance. Finally, many neurons in the supra- and infragranular layers and in the white matter are immunoreactive to both glutamic acid decarboxylase and somatostatin. This coexistence of immunoreactivity to both GAD and SS may characterize a broad subclass of cortical nonpyramidal neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Response of systemic amyloidosis to dimethyl sulfoxide.

A 65-year-old women with systemic amyloidosis was given dimethyl sulfoxide orally for 4 years without significant side effects. Her cutaneous lesions improved markedly after the treatment, and she still survives in satisfactory condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clinical, histopathologic, and electron microscopic studies.

One Chinese construction worker and a Chinese cook experienced unknown insect bites during their stay in Abha of Saudi Arabia and then developed skin ulcers. After returning to Taiwan, Republic of China, they were diagnosed in our hospital as having cutaneous leishmaniasis on clinical and dermatopathologic grounds. We were successful in culturing the Leishmania organism with Tobie medium and liquid metacyclic stage culture medium from the skin ulcers of these two patients. The electron microscopic findings of the parasites, Leishmania tropica, both in the tissue (amastigote) and in the cultured medium (promastigote), were also reported.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Ventroposterior thalamic regions projecting to cytoarchitectonic areas 3a and 3b in the cat.

The adequate stimulus and body site that excited neurons in cat cortical somatosensory areas 3a and 3b were recorded using low-impedance tungsten microelectrodes. Horizontal penetrations provided a good correlation between the electrophysiological and cytoarchitectonic data. Responses best driven by cutaneous stimuli were replaced with responses driven by manipulation of deep tissue at, or very near, the border between areas 3a and 3b. Following functional identification of these areas horseradish peroxidase was injected into one of them. Injections into area 3a labeled neurons in a rostral and dorsal cap of the ventroposterior thalamus. It was suggested that this region is a distinct nucleus termed the ventroposterior oralis nucleus (VPO). Injections into the forelimb portion of area 3b labeled neurons in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus (VPL). With both vertical and horizontal microelectrode trajectories through the ventroposterior thalamic nuclei, inputs from deep structures presumed to be muscles were consistently located in the VPO nucleus and cutaneous inputs activated neurons in the VPL. The existence of several functionally-distinct subdivisions within the somatosensory nuclei of the thalamus supports the hypothesis of parallel processing and relay of somatosensory information at this level of the pathway.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1985

Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in the intermediate grey layer of the superior colliculus in the cat.

Recent evidence suggests that gamma-aminobutyrate has a profound influence on the activity of premotor neurons in the intermediate grey layer of the superior colliculus. In the present study an antibody to glutamate decarboxylase, the synthesizing enzyme for gamma-aminobutyrate, was used to identify and characterize the structures in the intermediate grey layer of the cat that use gamma-aminobutyrate as a transmitter. The material was examined with both the light and electron microscope. Glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity was confined, for the most part, to axon terminals. Glutamate decarboxylase positive terminals almost completely cover the soma and proximal dendrites of the large neurons that are characteristic of this layer. Other glutamate decarboxylase positive terminals contact smaller, presumably more distal dendrites. By combining the glutamate decarboxylase immunocytochemistry with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in single animals, it was demonstrated that the cells of origin of the major descending efferent pathway from the intermediate grey layer, the predorsal bundle, are heavily contacted by glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactive terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Identification and order of sequential mutations in beta-actin genes isolated from increasingly tumorigenic human fibroblast strains.

We have sequenced the mutant beta-actin gene of a tumorigenic human fibroblast cell line (HuT-14T) and found that it carries three mutations that alter the amino acids at positions 36, 83, and 244 as well as a 22-base-pair "insertion" sequence, in the 5' intron, not present in a wild-type gene. The less tumorigenic cell line HuT-14, a progenitor of HuT-14T, has the same codon-244 mutation and the insertion sequence but not the other two mutations. A nontumorigenic cell line that is related to HuT-14 but that has no beta-actin mutations does carry the intron-length polymorphism. We conclude that the mutation at codon 244 occurred first in a beta-actin allele already bearing the 22-base-pair intron insert and that mutations at codons 36 and 83 arose subsequently during the selection for the HuT-14T phenotype. Rat-2 cells synthesize the appropriate charge-variant species of mutant actin protein when transfected with either the singly or the triply mutated beta-actin gene.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Antibodies against the light chain of tetanus toxin in human sera.

Tetanus toxoid elicits protective antibodies against tetanus toxin in humans and animals. It has been reported that antitoxin from immunized humans contains no anti-light chain antibodies, based on immunodiffusion and quantitative precipitin analyses. We confirmed the absence of precipitating anti-light chain antibodies in tetanus immune globulin. However, the presence of antibodies against the light chain of the toxin was shown by direct binding and inhibition analyses, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Using a neutralization inhibition test, we also found that about one-fourth of the neutralizing antibodies in tetanus immune globulin are directed against the light chain. These results suggest that the light chain of tetanus toxin contains immunogenic determinants and that antibodies directed against it may have a role in the prevention of tetanus or treatment of tetanus or both.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity in layer IV of barrel cortex of rat and mouse.

The morphology and distribution of neurons and terminals that are immunoreactive to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were investigated in barrel cortex of the rat and mouse. The morphology of the GAD-immunoreactive neurons located in layer IV of the barrel field resembles that of the large, smooth stellate neurons described previously in Golgi studies. Most of the somas of GAD-positive neurons are located along the sides of the barrels. They constitute about 13 to 15% of the total neuronal population in layer IV. The spatial distribution of GAD-positive terminals in layer IV is similar to the distribution of GAD-positive somas. Very few GAD-positive neurons and terminals are found in the septal regions. This unique distribution of GAD immunoreactivity in the barrel cortex may serve as a model to study cortical inhibitory mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Nucleotide sequence of the essential region of bacteriophage P4.

Nucleotide sequence of one-third of the genome of coliphage P4 has been obtained and mutations virl, epsilon am104, cI405, sidl, and delta 35 identified. The epsilon gene likely encodes a 10 kd protein with epsilon am104 being located at the beginning of the gene. cI405, a proposed repressor gene mutation, is located in a sequence capable of coding for a 15 kd protein. A new class of P4 mutations, ash, is located in the neighborhood of cI405. Two TATA-like sequences are mapped 5' to this cI (ash) sequence. Virl is possibly a promoter-up mutation and is located near or within the replication origin, which is about 400 bp long and AT rich. A sidl mutation is amber that shortens the sid protein by 9 amino acids. The delta gene may encode a 17 kd protein and appears to be coupled with the sid gene translationally. In the 5' side of the sid gene a sequence of CACAAT is the best TATA-like sequence. Sequences of two possible genes that are previously unrecognized and part of the alpha and psu genes are also identified.

Amino Acid Sequence↗