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Biomedical subjects

C S Ho

Publications and source records attributed to C S Ho.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Relation between plasma creatinine and body size.

We studied the relationship between creatinine concentration in plasma and body size in 673 healthy individuals (385 women, 288 men). Weight, height, and skinfold thickness were measured and blood was sampled (after a short fast) for estimations of urea and creatinine in plasma. Lean body mass was calculated according to Durnin and Wormsley (Br J Nutr 1974; 32:77-97). Concentrations of urea and creatinine in plasma were significantly lower in women than in men and were significantly correlated with age in both sexes. For neither sex was there a significant correlation between lean body mass and creatinine concentration, even after we took age into account either by multiple linear-regression analysis or by considering subjects at decade intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous gastrostomy for enteral feeding.

Over a period of 18 months, percutaneous nonendoscopic gastrostomy using the Seldinger technique was successfully performed in 32 adults for enteral feeding. There were no deaths or major morbidity related to the procedure. Three patients died of existing disease within 30 days; one had peritoneal irritation following dislodgement of the catheter two days after the procedure but responded to conservative treatment with antibiotics alone. The authors conclude that this procedure is simple and safe and represents the preferred method of gastrostomy for enteral feeding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Cytologic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

From 1976 to June 1982, 237 patients with clinical suspicion of hepatic malignant disease underwent guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver. Of these, 12 were diagnosed cytologically as "hepatocellular carcinoma" and this diagnosis was confirmed in the follow-up of all cases. On the basis of the cytomorphologic features observed in the aspirates, the tumor was subclassified into three types; well differentiated, pleomorphic large cell; and poorly differentiated. The various cytologic appearances of different types of hepatocellular carcinoma are presented and illustrated. Cytomorphologically, these three types of hepatocellular carcinoma were distinctly different and their cytomorphologic features were also sufficiently distinctive from those of secondary hepatic cancer to be diagnostic. Guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver appears to be a definitive minimally invasive means of establishing the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, and promises to be a valuable diagnostic procedure for potentially resectable localized hepatocellular carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

Effective diffusivity of oxygen in microbial pellets.

In a typical submerged aerobic fermentation with microbial pellets, the effective diffusivity of oxygen in the pellets is probably the most important, yet most difficult transport property to characterize experimentally. Its values directly indicate the efficiency or deficiency of oxygen to individual cells, and thus the biological activity of the microorganisms. In the past, it was not possible to assess reliably the effective diffusivity of oxygen in pellets due to several reasons. Firstly, most oxygen electrodes available were coarse, and hence not suitable for in situ measurements. Secondly, there was a lack of methods rigorous enough to characterize the structure of the microbial pellets. A state-of-the-art review of the literature relating to the feature subject is presented. Emphasis is laid upon development and evolution of the means for quantitative characterization of the effective diffusivity of oxygen in microbial pellets.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Nonsurgical treatment of common-bile-duct stones.

Exploration of the common bile duct, the traditional treatment for choledocholithiasis, can often be replaced by nonsurgical procedures. Since 1976, 147 patients have been treated nonsurgically with an overall success rate of 84%. Three groups are reported. In group 1, 80 patients had stone extraction under radiologic control through the T-tube tract alone. Stones were successfully removed from the common bile duct in 52 of 59 patients and from the intrahepatic ducts in 12 of 21 patients. The overall success rate of extraction through the T tube was 80%. Group 2 comprised 58 patients who underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction only with 86% success. The nine patients in group 3 required a combination of radiologic and endoscopic intervention. Six had stones "pushed" by the radiologist through a previously sphincterotomized ampulla of Vater and in two the radiologist introduced stone crushers transhepatically into the common duct to break up large stones to a size capable of passing through the sphincterotomy site (100% success). One elderly patient had a cholecystostomy under local anesthesia for suppurative cholecystitis, and subsequently multiple common-bile-duct stones were removed by the radiologist through the gallbladder and cystic duct and by the endoscopist through the endoscopic sphincterotomy site. All procedures were carried out under local anesthesia, and most required a hospital stay of 1 day or less. Complications were minimal and there were no deaths. T-tube extraction and endoscopic sphincterotomy are effective, relatively safe, nonsurgical procedures for the removal of common-duct stones.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The role of Chinese traditional medical practice as a form of health care in Singapore--IV. Physicians in private practice.

Although the government of the Republic of Singapore do not give official recognition to the estimated 1000 Chinese physicians in the country, these practitioners of traditional herbal medicine still enjoy the patronage of a certain segment of the population, 76% of whom are ethnically Chinese. In an earlier paper, we have reported on the characteristics of Chinese physicians who volunteer their service for institutions that provide Chinese traditional health care in Singapore. This complementary paper reports the findings of a survey of 55 physicians who run their own private practice about whom, prior to our study, very little was known.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Percutaneous gastrostomy for jejunal feeding.

A simple percutaneous gastrostomy technique for jejunal feeding which requires no general anesthesia or gastroscopy is described. This may replace the feeding jejunostomy as a means of providing total enteral nutrition to patients with severe and disabling esophageal or gastric dysfunction.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1983

Biliary tree in cystic fibrosis. Biliary tract abnormalities in cystic fibrosis demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

Two female adolescents with cystic fibrosis were investigated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for recurrent abdominal pain. The cholangiogram of 1 patient demonstrated multiple irregular filling defects throughout the biliary tree representing thickened bile and mucus as well as stones. The cholangiogram of the other case illustrated cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts with intrahepatic cholelithiasis as well as extensive irregularities of the smaller proximal ductules secondary to recurrent cholangitis or focal biliary cirrhosis, or both. Endoscopic papillotomy resulted in drainage of tenacious bile and mucus and stones in both cases. Sustained clinical improvement did not follow papillotomy in either case, whereas radiologic improvement was demonstrated in 1 case.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

Guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver.

Forty patients with suspected malignant disease of the liver underwent percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy with radioisotope scintigraphic and fluoroscopic guidance. The needle was aimed at focal defects identified on the liver scan and several passes were made. When the scan was diffusely abnormal, the liver was widely sampled with multiple passes. Thirty patients were eventually considered to have malignant disease and aspiration biopsy was positive in 28 (93%) of these patients, including 25 of 26 with liver metastases (96%). There were two false-positive results and one minor complication. In 24 patients, conventional wide-bore needle biopsy was also performed. In this group, 16 patients had a final diagnosis of hepatic malignancy. Aspiration biopsies were positive in 14 of these (87%) and conventional needle biopsies were positive in four (25%). Guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy is recommended for pathologic diagnosis of hepatic malignancy because of its simplicity, high yield, and reasonable safety.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1981

Diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas.

The emergence of new diagnostic techniques has been of great value in pancreatic carcinoma. These techniques include ultrasonography, computerized axial tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy. In spite of these advances in diagnosis, the prognosis of the disease remains poor and most patients still present at a late stage. Used intelligently, these technologic advances can reduce the number of investigations for pancreatic malignant lesions and yet maintain a high degree of diagnostic accuracy. A schema of investigations based on clinical symptoms and a patient's ability to undergo surgery is presented. The author believes this approach obviates the need for diagnostic laparotomy in many and palliative surgery for obstructive jaundice in some.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1981

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatitis in children and adolescents.

Five cases of relapsing pancreatitis in children and adolescents are reviewed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed in all cases and was valuable in defining the ductal anatomy. The importance of always considering the presence of an underlying structural abnormality amenable to surgical correction is stressed. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography should always be considered when recurrent pancreatitis is investigated as it allows the clinician to plan more accurately medical or surgical management based on the x-ray findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Lower esophageal strictures, benign or malignant?

In a retrospective study of 93 patients with benign peptic strictures, and 73 patients with malignancy of the lower third of the esophagus, 93% of benign strictures were associated with a hiatal hernia, and 4% without. In malignancy the majority were without hernia. The results provide a statistical basis for strong suspicion of malignancy in a lower esophageal stricture not accompanied by a hiatal hernia.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

Spiral filling defect in the common bile duct.

A spiral filling defect in the common bile duct was found in an elderly woman with intermittent obstructive jaundice. A large, smooth papilla was shown on hypotonic duodenogram. At laparotomy, mucus strans were found in the DUCT, and ampullary carcinoma in the duodenum. The significance of the mucus strand and large duodenal papilla is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗