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Biomedical subjects

C S Carter

Publications and source records attributed to C S Carter.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The influence of age and cycling status on sexual arousability in women.

The effects of age and hormonal status on sexual response were quantitatively assessed by the use of a vaginal photoplethysmograph to measure changes in pulse amplitude in response to erotic film and fantasy. In young, regularly cycling women (mean age, 31 years) there were no significant differences in sexual response between the follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases. The older premenopausal women (mean age, 51 years) showed responses not significantly different from those of the young cycling women. However, both the younger cycling women and older premenopausal women had significantly higher responses to erotic film than the postmenopausal women (mean age, 57 years). It was concluded that the menopause does result in a decrease in sexual response as assessed by vaginal pulse amplitude. However, it was not established that the magnitude of change noted is sufficient to cause any sexual dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Neonatal decortication and adult female sexual behavior.

Neonatal lesions of the cerebral cortex in female rats did not eliminate female sexual behavior as measured by lordosis. However, lordosis in response to prolonged low levels of estradiol benzoate (1.0 micrograms/day for 6 days) was attenuated in lesioned females. Following estradiol benzoate plus progesterone (0.5 mg) treatment the probability of lordosis increased markedly in the decorticate females, but still remained below control levels. Decorticate females were mounted by the male at least as often as control females. Hopping and darting and rejection behaviors on the part of the female were virtually eliminated in the decorticate group. However, these females continued to direct sniffing behavior toward the male at levels above those of the controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Male vole urine changes luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and norepinephrine in female olfactory bulb.

Female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) exposed to a single drop of male urine on the upper lip showed changes in concentrations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and norepinephrine in olfactory bulb tissue; no such changes occurred in dopamine concentration. The changes were measured in the posterior but not the anterior olfactory bulb tissue of females within 1 hour after they were exposed to urine. These females also showed rapid increases in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone. Females exposed to water on the upper lip showed none of these changes. These results suggest that in this species LHRH and norepinephrine in the olfactory bulb may mediate luteinizing hormone release in response to external (pheromonal) chemical cues.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Production of lymphocyte-activating factor (Interleukin 1) by macrophages activated with colony-stimulating factors.

Murine peritoneal exudate macrophages incubated with medium conditioned by L929 cells were stimulated to produce lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF, Interleukin 1). This stimulatory activity was partially neutralized by antiserum prepared against partially purified L cell colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and comigrated upon gel filtration with the myeloproliferative activity. LAF-inducing activity of three different L cell CSF preparations, including one purified to homogeneity, was dependent upon the concentration of CSF. A minimum of 1,000 to 3,000 units of CSF activity was required to stimulate macrophagfes to produce LAF. Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated splenic supernatants also contained CSF and LAF-inducing activities that co-eluted upon gel filtration. LAF-inducing activities co-eluting with the two Con A CSF peaks (apparent m.w. of 25,000 and 35,000) were effective at minimum dilutions containing 1,000 to 3,000 units of CSF activity correlating in potency with L cell-derived CSF. Based on these data, it is proposed that CSF, whether of L cell or lymphoid origin, not only has myeloproliferative activities but also is capable of stimulating macrophages to produce LAF.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Monoamines, estrogen and female sexual behavior in the golden hamster.

In the golden hamster drugs which inhibit monoaminergic function (including p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), methysergide and a-methyl-p-tyrosine (a-MPT) facilitated lordosis in ovariectomized female hamsters as a function of the duration of estradiol benzoate (EB) priming. a-MPT (200 mg/kg), methysergide (6 mg/animal) or PCPA (150 or 360 mg/kg) potentiated lordosis if 6 days of EB priming preceded drug treatment. However, if female hamsters were primed with EB for only 2 days, a-MPT and methysergide were ineffective. PCPA (360 mg/kg) was less effective after 2 days of EB than after 6 days of EB priming. alpha-MPT produced a three-fold elevation in progesterone levels in ovariectomized females but methysergide and PCPA did not influence serum progesterone. PCPA (360 mg/kg) facilitated lordosis in adrenalectomized, ovariectomized females, eliminating the possibility that adrenal progesterone is essential for the behavioral effects of the drug. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone levels in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and the medial basal hypothalamus were also not significantly altered at 1 h after PCPA injection. Pimozide (1.5 mg/kg) and pimozide (1.5 mg/kg) and amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) did not potentiate lordosis in ovariectomized hamsters after either 2 or 6 days of EB priming. Pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, inhibited female sexual behavior in females in estrogen alone-induced estrus. Lordosis in the female rat is more readily elicited both by drugs and estrogen. It is proposed with regard to female sexual behavior that species differences in estrogen sensitivity may underlie apparent differences in drug sensitivity.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1977

Effects of chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, chlorpromazine, and d-amphetamine on sexual responses in male and female hamsters.

The acute effects on sexual behavior of oxazepam (16--64 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (8--64 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (2--8 mg/kg), and d-amphetamine (0.8--3.2 mg/kg) were examined in intact male and female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Intraperitoneal injections were given 45 min before the first behavioral test. In 10-min tests, lordosis was observed in estrous females both before and after copulation, and mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations were observed in males. Dose-response related decrements in male sexual behavior were observed following chlorpromazine and chlordiazepoxide. All dose levels of oxazepam depressed male sexual behavior. The highest dose of chlordiazepoxide and oxazepam attenuated the onset of female sexual behavior, and all dose levels reduced postcopulatory lordosis durations. Amphetamine did not interrupt either male or female sexual behavior, and chlorpromazine disrupted male but not female behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sex differences in dentritic patterns in hamster preoptic area.

Sexual dimorphism is described in the dentritic field pattern of Golgi-stained neurons from the dorsomedial preoptic area of adult golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Data were obtained through a mathematical reconstruction of dentritic densities of neurons sampled from this area in males and females. Males tended to have a central concentration, while females showed an irregular dendritic density distribution with concentrations dorsolateral, ventral and medial to the area of highest dentriic density in the males. These results suggest sex differences in the afferent inputs to neurons in the dorsomedial preoptic area which may be related to functional sexual dimorphism in physiology and behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Regulation of female sexual behavior in the golden hamster: behavioral effects of mating and ovarian hormones.

In the female hamster, sexual receptivity was abbreviated following copulation. Short-term effects of mating, lasting approximately 24-48 hr, were observed in females mated in either estradiol- or estradiol-and-progesterone-induced estrus. Long-term effects of copulation, of 9 days or more in duration, were apparent only in females chronically treated with both estradiol and progesterone, suggesting that progesterone exposure prolongs the inhibitory effects of mating. When progesterone stimulation was intermittent through the use of short-acting injection procedures, recovery from mating could be detected in 48 hr and was complete within 96 hr after copulation. The pattern of behavioral response to ovarian hormones in unmated females was also documented, replicating the "biphasic" effect of progesterone in this species. The inhibitory effects of mating and progesterone summate to produce consistent decrements in female sexual receptivity. It is postulated that short-term postcopulatory abbreviations in receptivity would reduce the vulnerability of the estrous female while long-term inhibitions, interacting with sustained progesterone stimulation, would reduce the probability of mating during pregnancy when hormone levels are elevated for a prolonged period.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1975

Neonatal hormone experience and adult lordosis and fighting in the golden hamster.

Androgenization by testicular secretions or exogenous testosterone propionate (TP treatments administered 24-48 hr post partum) suppressed sexual receptivity in the golden hamster. In response to prolonged adult estradiol benzoate (EB) treatment, gonadectomized normal females and neonatally castrated males exhibited significantly longer total lordosis durations than normal male or neonatally TP-treated (20 mug or 200 mug) females. These results suggest that one aspect of androgen-induced masculinization in the hamster involves reduced estrogen sensitivity. Responses to sequential EB followed by progesterone treatment were also lower in the androgenized groups. Neonatally castrated males did not differ significantly from normal females in their lordosis behavior. Irrespective of adult hormone treatment, androgenized animals fought more than normal females or neonatally castrated males. A genital mask was used to reduce sex differences in peripheral stimulation during testing.

Age Factors↗