Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C S Bryan

Publications and source records attributed to C S Bryan.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Origins of the South Carolina Medical Association.

Responding primarily to the need to improve standards of medical education and licensing, 86 physicians attended a Medical Convention of South Carolina over a three-day period in February 1848 to form the South Carolina Medical Association. Many of our present activities and concerns can be traced to their resolutions.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1998

Antiretroviral therapy, 1998.

In summary, during 1996 and 1997 important improvements occurred in HIV therapy. The introduction of new drugs benefited patients with access to these medications. The use of antiretrovirals remains complex and is rapidly evolving. This is an inspiring challenge for physicians and health workers caring for HIV-infected patients.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed1998

Neurosyphilis mimicking herpes simplex encephalitis.

We report the case of a 34-year old man who presented with confusion and temporal lobe symptoms and signs without motor neuron involvement, suggesting herpes simplex encephalitis, as a reminder to "think syphilis" in all patients with unexplained neurologic deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Mr. Gates's summer vacation: a centennial remembrance.

In 1897, Frederick T. Gates, a Baptist minister and adviser to John D. Rockefeller Sr., read the entire second edition of The Principles and Practice of Medicine by William Osler while on a summer vacation at Lake Liberty, New York. The book reinforced the low opinion Gates had of the efficacy of medicine but convinced him that medical science would be a wise investment for the Rockefeller fortune. The results of this investment included the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, the General Education Board, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the International Health Board. Gates sponsored Rockefeller funding of full-time clinical professorships, an idea that Osler opposed but that eventually became the prevailing model for medical departments at universities in the United States.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1997

Penicillin dosing for pneumococcal pneumonia.

Most textbook authors still endorse penicillin G as the specific antibiotic of choice for pneumococcal pneumonia. However, problems with early precise etiologic diagnosis of pneumonia and the emergence of drug-resistant pneumococci cause penicillin to be seldom used for this purpose today. A third explanation for the infrequent use of penicillin is lack of clear consensus dosing guidelines. Emergence of pneumococci resistant to the newer cephalosporins and concerns about overuse of vancomycin, however, have prompted renewed interest in the development of precise, rapid methods for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia with the implication that penicillin might be used more frequently. We review several issues concerning penicillin dosing: intermittent vs continuous therapy, high dose vs low dose, relationship of dose to resistance, and cost-effective pharmacology. An optimum "high-dose" regimen for life-threatening pneumococcal pneumonia in a 70-kg adult consists of a 3 million unit (mu) loading dose followed by continuous infusion of 10 to 12 mu of freshly prepared drug every 12 h. The maintenance dose should be reduced in elderly patients and in patients with renal failure according to the following formula: dose (mu/24 h = 4+[creatinine clearance divided by 7]). This regimen provides a penicillin serum level of 16 to 20 microg/mL, which should suffice for all but the most highly resistant strains (minimum inhibitory concentration > or = 4 microg/mL). Newer cephalosporins and vancomycin can be reserved for patients with suspected meningitis or endocarditis or for localities in which highly resistant pneumococci are known to be prevalent.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Fever, famine, and war: William Osler as an infectious diseases specialist.

In 1896 William Osler addressed the American Medical Association on "The study of the Fevers of the the South", a lecture in which he showed his keen appreciation for the history, pathology, epidemiology, and management of infectious diseases. Osler can be claimed as an infectious diseases specialist not only because infections were the most common causes of death during his time but also because his perspectives and personal qualities typify the discipline as it has evolved during the twentieth century. Ten such desiderata are reviewed. A century later Osler's conclusion remains true for this specialty: "Fever in its varied forms is still with ... but it is of almost equal importance to know that the way has been opened, and that the united efforts of many workers in many lands are day by day disarming this great enemy of the race".

Communicable Diseases↗