Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C S Brown

Publications and source records attributed to C S Brown.

156 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroleptic-induced catatonia after abrupt withdrawal of amantadine during neuroleptic therapy.

Catatonic reactions to high-potency neuroleptic drugs have been described in the literature. Our patient developed neuroleptic-induced catatonia (NIC) after abrupt withdrawal of amantadine, a dopaminergic agent that has been implicated in neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) on its discontinuation. This case report adds support to the hypothesis that NIC and NMS are 2 syndromes on a continuum of dopamine blockade, each of which may be treated with or uncovered by amantadine therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recruiting patients for female sexual arousal disorder studies.

This study described the efficacy of various strategies for the recruitment of women with female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) and matched controls in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. During both phases of the study, actual recruitment time exceeded expectations. Clinical screening was the most effective recruitment strategy, accounting for one half of the enrolled subjects. Mass media advertising proved effective in recruiting up to one third of subjects. Control subjects were easily enrolled using all recruitment methods. Future reports should compare the efficiency and cost-benefit strategies for the recruitment of women with FSAD.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical fitness, physical activity, and fatness in relation to blood pressure and lipids in preadolescent children. Results from the FRESH Study.

PURPOSE: The cross-sectional gender patterns of fitness, activity, and fatness were examined in relation to blood pressure and lipids in 9- to 10-year-old children. METHODS: Subjects were fourth graders (26 boys and 27 girls) participating in FRESH, a school-based heart health program. The main variables of interest were fitness determined on a treadmill, habitual physical activity by self-report, fatness by skinfolds and body mass index, blood pressure, and lipoprotein lipids. RESULTS: Physical fitness and activity were higher in boys, whereas fatness and triglycerides were higher in girls. Systolic blood pressure correlated positively with fatness in girls, and there was a trend for this relationship in boys. In boys, total LDL cholesterol correlated positively with fatness and negatively with fitness. By multivariate analysis, fitness was the primary correlate of total and LDL cholesterol. In girls, fitness correlated positively with total and LDL cholesterol. This finding was opposite in boys. Fatness correlated negatively with HDL cholesterol in boys. CONCLUSION: Boys are more fit and active and less fat than girls. Fatness in young children already shows a relationship with heart disease risk factors. In boys, fitness shows a favorable relation to lipids. These data along with other studies suggest that more consistent relationships among fitness, activity, fatness, blood pressure, and lipids are likely to emerge as children approach adolescence. The findings also underscore the complexity of defining these relationships in young children.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety and efficacy of weight training soon after acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: To determine if weight training used during cardiac rehabilitation as soon as 4 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) is safe, and if weight training combined with aerobic exercise improves aerobic fitness and muscle strength more than aerobic exercise alone. METHODS: Twenty-three men within 6 weeks of an acute MI and without exercise-induced ischemia, complex arrhythmias, anterior Q wave MI, or ejection fraction < 40% were randomly assigned to combined weight and cycle training versus cycle training for 10 weeks. The main measures were change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), muscle strength, resting left ventricular (LV) wall segment motion and early diastolic filling by resting echocardiograms, exercise ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure responses [corrected]. RESULTS: VO2max increased 14% (P < 0.01) and cycle time increased 10% (P < 0.01) in the combined training group. The 8% increases in VO2max (P = 0.15) and cycle time (P = 0.08) in the cycling group were not significant. Arm and leg strength increased (P < 0.01) in each group. However, the change was greater for the combined training group--31% versus 16% (P < 0.03) for leg strength and 20% versus 10% (P < 0.001) for arm strength. There were no changes for either group in resting hemodynamics, body weight and composition, LV wall segment motion, LV fractional shortening, and early diastolic function, and no adverse clinical events or exercise-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Combined training soon after MI improved aerobic and muscle fitness more than cycling alone, and was performed without complication.

Bicycling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary fat and cholesterol intake in young children compared with recommended levels.

PURPOSE: The National Cholesterol Education Program (1991) recommended that children 2 years of age or more derive less than 30% of their daily energy intake from total fat, less than 10% from saturated fat, up to 10% from polyunsaturated fat, and 10% to 15% from monounsaturated fat, and that they consume less than 300 mg/day of cholesterol. The purpose of this study was to assess whether preadolescent children were following these dietary guidelines in 1994 and to determine the relationship of diet to obesity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in elementary schools in southeast Baltimore, Maryland. The subjects were 468 children, grades 2 through 5 (mean age, 8.9 +/- 0.8 years). The main outcome measures were a 24-hour diet record, body mass index, and skinfold thickness. RESULTS: Mean percentage of total daily energy (TDE) from fat was 31.1%; saturated fat, 11.0%; monounsaturated fat, 10%; and polyunsaturated fat, 4.9%. Mean dietary cholesterol was 199.1 mg/day. Although the means for total and saturated fat are at recommended levels, the distribution of the dietary responses indicates that 50% of the children exceeded these targets. Twenty-five percent exceeded 35% of TDE derived from fat, and 25% exceeded 13% TDE derived from saturated fat. Fifty percent of children consumed below the desired level of monounsaturated fat, and almost no children consumed the desired 10% of polyunsaturated fat. Although mean dietary cholesterol was at a desired level, 16% of the children consumed more than 300 mg/day and 10% more than 377 mg/day. The negative correlation for sum of skinfold measurements with TDE (r = -0.14; P < 0.05), suggesting that fatter children consume fewer calories than thinner children, was the only correlate among dietary components and obesity. CONCLUSION: A substantial percentage of children in the United States are still not meeting recommended levels for dietary intake of fat and cholesterol. The trend for fatter children to consume fewer daily calories suggests that obesity is not entirely a result of overconsumption.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

When groups are not created equal: effects of group status on the formation of intergroup attitudes in children.

This study was designed to examine whether the presence of implicit links between social groups and high versus low status attributes affects the formation of intergroup attitudes. Elementary school children aged 7 to 12 years (N = 91) were given measures of classification skill and self-esteem, and assigned to one of three types of summer school classrooms in which teachers made (1) functional use of novel ("blue" and "yellow") social groups that were depicted via posters as varying in status, (2) no explicit use of novel social groups that were, nonetheless, depicted as varying in status, or (3) functional use of novel social groups in the absence of information about status. After 6 weeks, children completed measures of intergroup attitudes. Results indicated that children's intergroup attitudes were affected by the status manipulation when teachers made functional use of the novel groups. Children who were members of high-status (but not low-status) groups developed in-group biased attitudes.

Attitude↗