Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C S Bal

Publications and source records attributed to C S Bal.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Liver herniation into the pericardium: an unusual cause of massive pericardial effusion with intrapericardial mass in a neonate.

In neonates presenting with massive pericardial effusion and pericardial mass, liver herniation into the pericardium is a rare diagnosis. Echocardiogram and CT scan are useful investigations in the diagnosis of pericardial masses. Continuation of the mass with the liver with the same texture as the liver helps to make the diagnosis of intrapericardial herniation of liver. Correct diagnosis of this condition is important because the surgical approach needed for management of this condition is different from that used for other pericardial masses.

Echocardiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroesophageal reflux in asthmatic children not responding to asthma medication: a scintigraphic study in 126 patients with correlation between scintigraphic and clinical findings of reflux.

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is frequently found in association with asthma. Successful control of GER in these patients may improve in their asthma symptoms. The present retrospective analysis was undertaken to find out the incidence of GER in asthmatic children not responding to routine antiasthmatic medications and to find out if there is a clinical correlation between the symptoms of GER and scintigraphic evidence of GER in these patients. A total of 126 children with a mean age of 2.31 years and range 6 months to 6 years were evaluated. The children were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 100) consisted of children with asthma but no clinical symptoms of GER. Group II (n = 26) consisted of those children with asthma and clinical symptoms of GER. Radionuclide scintigraphy was performed with 100-200 microCi (3.7-7.4 MBq) of Tc99m-sulphur colloid. All 33 out of 126 (26%) children had GER on scintigraphy. In Group I, only 23 (23%) had reflux while in Group II, 10 (38.5%) had reflux. In conclusion, esophageal scintiscanning can be used to detect GER in asthmatic children refractory to routine antiasthmatic medication irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms suggestive of GER.

Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy. An effective tool in the management of bile leak following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

UNLABELLED: Bile leaks and bile duct injury has been the major postoperative complications described after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this study, we evaluated the role of hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and there was a clinical suspicion of bile leak in postoperative period. METHOD: Twenty-five patients (M/F=11:14, mean age 39+/-8 years; range 24-58 years) with suspected bile leak postlaparoscopic cholecystectomy underwent sequential HBS. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had normal hepatobiliary scintigraphic studies. Five patients had small bile leak in gall bladder fossa with primary route of bile flow into the gut. All these 18 patients improved on conservative management alone. Significant bile leak from the cystic stump region was demonstrated in four patients. All of them were subjected to endoscopic cholangiography (ERCP), which confirmed the site of leak. All patients had stenting and sphincterotomy. One patient showed bile leak and obstruction at the lower end of common bile duct, he improved spontaneously. Another patient showed poor hepatocytes function and no excretion of radiotracer and underwent ERCP followed by hepaticojejunostomy for common hepatic duct ligation. One patient had frank bile leak in the right paracolic gutter and had to undergo hepaticojejunostomy. CONCLUSIONS: HBS is a valuable noninvasive method of investigating possible bile leaks or other biliary disruptions in postlaparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Negative study for significant bile leak can assure the surgeon to manage the patient conservatively. However, it cannot be relied on absolutely when determining the need for reoperation for a significant bile leak in early postoperative period.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does cerebral perfusion improve following CSF diversion in pediatric hydrocephalus? A prospective study using 99mTc ECD single photon emission computed tomography.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study regional cerebral perfusion before and after ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in children with hydrocephalus, using (99m)Tc ECD single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 17 consecutive children (less than 16 years) with hydrocephalus due to various causes, who were planned for ventriculoperitoneal shunt, were included in this prospective study. Brain SPECT using (99m)Tc ECD was performed pre- and postoperatively and changes in cerebral perfusion were compared with the change in ventricular size (assessed using Evan's ratio). OBSERVATIONS: There were 11 males and 6 females with a median age of 24 months. Nine children were up to 2 years of age and the mean duration of symptoms was 6 months. The cause of hydrocephalus was congenital in 10, secondary to tumor in 5 and as sequelae of infection in 2 children. Fourteen children (82%) showed improvement in cerebral perfusion following shunting. Of these, 12 also had a concomitant decrease in ventricular size postoperatively. RESULTS: On logistic regression analysis, none of the factors analyzed, i.e. age, duration of symptoms, etiology of hydrocephalus and decrease in ventricular size, were found to predict improvement of cerebral perfusion following shunting. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral perfusion improves in the majority of the children following CSF diversionary procedures, and contrary to the common belief, duration of hydrocephalus and decreased ventricular size do not influence this improvement in cerebral perfusion. SPECT can therefore prove to be a valuable tool for objective assessment of improvement in cerebral perfusion in children with hydrocephalus secondary to various etiologies following surgical or medical interventions.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of transplanted hepatocytes using HIDA scintigraphy.

BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte transplantation has generated interest because of potential clinical application in enzyme deficiency disorders and acute hepatic failure. Ex-vivo HIDA scintigraphy has been used to assess graft survival after hepatocyte transplantation. The present study evaluates in-vivo99mTc-HIDA scintigraphy to assess graft function after hepatocyte transplantation. METHODS: Rat hepatocytes were isolated by a modified collagenase digestion technique and injected intrasplenically into 6 syngenic rats; 4 control rats received intrasplenic saline injections. In-vivo HIDA scintigraphy and histological evaluation were done 90 days after transplantation. RESULTS: Five of the six rats in the study group showed prompt and progressive accumulation of HIDA in the spleen. Histological examination showed presence of hepatocytes in the splenic red pulp. None of the control group animals had splenic uptake of HIDA. CONCLUSION: HIDA scintigraphy may be a useful modality for assessment of graft function after intrasplenic hepatocyte transplantation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of decalcified allogenic bone matrix grafts in and around root apices. A histological study.

Decalcified Allogenic Bone grafts were implanted in and around eighteen root apices after apicoectomy. The procedure was carried out on eighteen rabbits, dividing them into three groups of six rabbits each. The animals were sacrificed after 48-72 hours, 8-10 days & 8-10 weeks period of interval. Result of the present investigation reveal that DABM grafts stimulate osteogenesis and cementogenesis after the initial phase of inflammation. Tissues simulating bone and cementum appear at the apical end, speculating that the grafts would certainly result in physiological sealing of root apices. The possibility of saving the life of non vital teeth with or without wide apical foramen will enhance in future.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging using Tc99m-tetrofosmin for the detection of the recurrence of brain tumour: a comparative study with Tc99m-glucoheptonate.

BACKGROUND: In the past "blood-brain barrier" agents such as Tc99m-glucoheptonate were routinely used for the diagnosis of brain tumours. Of late, agents used for studying myocardial perfusion namely, Tc99m-tetrofosmin, Thallium-201, and Tc99m-sestamibi have replaced the "blood-brain barrier agents " when imaging is undertaken for the detection of the recurrence of brain tumours. However, the incremental diagnostic information provided by Tc99m-tetrofosmin when compared with a blood brain barrier agent in the diagnosis of recurrent brain tumour has not been evaluated till date. AIMS: The study was carried out to substantiate whether Tc99m-tetrofosmin provides any incremental diagnostic information not provided by the blood brain barrier agent Tc99m-glucoheptonate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Brain SPECT scans were performed using Tc99m-tetrofosmin and Tc99m-glucoheptonate in 126 patients of recurrent brain tumour. Bio-distribution and uptake properties of both the tracers were analysed by measuring relative uptake of both the tracers in tumour compared to background (T/B ratio), nasopharynx (T/N ratio) and scalp (T/S ratio). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to see agreement of the continuous variables. Paired t test was used to evaluate the difference between two means. RESULTS: Uptake properties of both the tracers were analysed in 105 patients in whom both Tc99m-tetrofosmin and Tc99m-glucoheptonate showed concentration. The remaining 21 patients in whom the tumour mass did not show Tc99m-tetrofosmin concentration were excluded from the study. Mean T/B ratio, T/N ratio and T/S ratio was 5.83 + 2.09 and 5.99 + 2.26, 0.53 + 0.21 and 0.55 + 0.22 and 1.11 + 0.60 and 1.26 + 0.52 for Tc99m-tetrofosmin and Tc99m-glucoheptonate respectively. No statistically significant difference between T/B ratio and T/N ratio of Tc99m-tetrofosmin and Tc99m-glucoheptonate was found; p values were 0.25 and 0.83 respectively. However there was significant difference (P=0.006) between the T/S ratio of Tc99m-tetrofosmin and that of Tc99m-glucoheptonate. CONCLUSION: Tc99m-tetrofosmin does not provide any incremental diagnostic information not provided by the blood brain barrier agent Tc99m-glucoheptonate.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of various eugenol and non-eugenol root canal sealers in the treatment of teeth with periapical radiolucent area--a clinical and radiological study.

A clinical and radiological study was conducted to compare the efficacy of various eugenol containing Viz. Zinc oxide eugenol, CRCS and Rosen's Cement and non eugenol containing sealers and N2 on forty eight non-vital anterior teeth, with a periapical radiolucent area of 1-7mm in diameter. The patients were recalled after 30,90,150 and 210 days On radiological examination after 210 days CRCS showed maximum decrease in periapical radiolucency from 4.39 mm. to 1.80mm. The teeth treated with N2 as root canal sealer showed minimum decrease in the periapical radiolucency from 3.0 mm. to 2.15mm. On clinical examination the results were 100% successful in both the eugenol and non-eugenol groups. The radiological findings indicate that the eugenol containing are better as compared to non-eugenol containing root canal sealer. Out of eugenol containing root canal sealers CRCS showed maximum decrease in radiolucency and from non-eugenol containing group N2.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of root canals and their configuration in buccal roots of maxillary first permanent molar.

The present in-vitro study was undertaken to understand root canals and their configuration in buccal roots of maxillary first permanent molar. Seventy five teeth were studied by the radiographic method and 78 teeth were studied by the decalcification method. Radiographically, in mesiobuccal root, 2 root canals were observed in 81.3% and 18.7% of the specimens in mesiodistal and bucco-lingual direction respectively. In 1.3% of the specimens, 3 root canals were seen in the mesiodistal direction. Radiographically, in distobuccal root, 2 root canals were seen in 9.3% and 1.3% of the specimens in mesiodistal and buccolingual direction respectively. By the decalcification method, 2 root canals were found in mesiobuccal root in 65.4% of the specimens; distobuccal root exhibited 1 canal in 100% of the specimens studied. The configuration (shape) of buccal root canals also varied in both radiological as well as decalcification methods Many specimens exhibited curved canals and in some specimens S-shaped canals were observed. It is concluded from this study that more attention should be directed towards searching for and locating the second root canal in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first permanent molar.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of accuracy of an electric device (Neosono D-SE) for the measurement of tooth length.

The study was conducted on 92 root canals selected from teeth advised for extraction to evaluate the efficacy of an electronic device (NEOSONO D-SE), Ingles method and Digital Tactile method for the measurement of working length of tooth. In 30% of anterior teeth and 30% of posterior teeth the electronic device was able to locate exact position of apical constriction of tooth, as measured after the extraction of the tooth. In 37% of anterior teeth and 13% of posterior teeth, the apical constriction was located exactly when digital tactile method was used. When Ingle's method for determining the working length was used it was successful in 30% of anterior teeth and 42% of posterior teeth. The study was also conducted to know the distance between apex of the tooth to apical foramen and distance between apical foramen and apical constriction. The findings of the study showed that the average distance between apex and apical foramen was 0.215mm and 0.289 mm in anterior and posterior teeth respectively. Whereas the distance between apical foramen and apical constriction was 0.610 mm and 0.504 mm in anterior and posterior teeth respectively.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of surgical and conservative techniques for apexification in young permanent teeth with open apices.

The Study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of surgical and conservative approach for apexification. Twenty-four non-vital permanent maxillary anterior teeth were selected for this study. The teeth selected were having wide apical foramen and definite radiolucent periapical area. Twelve teeth were treated under conservative method and another 12 teeth with surgical method using 'Renew' (A radioopaque calcium Hydroxide paste). The patient were recalled after 1 1/2, 3, 4 and 6 Months. The results of the study indicated that Calcific bridge formation is rapid in teeth treated with conservative technique. However, periapical repair is accelerated in teeth treated by surgical technique, though the results are comparable at the end of 6 months, So the conservative approach is preferred as it saves surgical trauma. In conservative technique, 75% of the teeth showed calcific bridge formation and 100% showed decrease in periapical radiolucent area by 3.56 mm (mean) after 6 months. In surgical technique the radiographic evidence of calcific bridge formation was noticed in 54.51% of teeth after 6 months. However in 100% of teeth there was decrease in periapical radiolucent area by 3.53 mm (mean) after 6 months.

Calcium Hydroxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of apical seal with Renew (calcium hydroxide) and Synthograft (tricalcium phosphate) in teeth with open apices.

The study was conducted in vivo (30 teeth) and in-vitro (135 teeth) to evaluate the leakage of apical plug with Renew, Synthograft and Control. In-vivo it was observed that Renew is significantly effective and it showed its immediate effect after filling whereas the Synthograft is not effective immediately but it is effective after 3 months and in control group the apical plug was effective after six months. When examined in vitro, it was observed that there was more leakage in Synthograft and control as compared to Renew in anterior, premolars and molars.

Calcium Hydroxide↗