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Biomedical subjects

C Rouzioux

Publications and source records attributed to C Rouzioux.

158 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Isolation of new lymphotropic retrovirus from two siblings with haemophilia B, one with AIDS.

A human T-lymphotropic retrovirus was isolated from cultured T lymphocytes from two siblings with haemophilia B. Patient 2 was healthy, but patient 1 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The retrovirus differed from human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV) but it was similar to the lymphadenopathy-associated retrovirus (LAV) in its morphology and its major core protein (P25). Both patients had antibodies against LAV and patient 1's retrovirus, detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. Seroepidemiological data indicated the transmission of this retrovirus by plasma products.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[Viral etiologies of AIDS: facts and hypotheses].

All the epidemiological features suggest that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by a single transmissible agent and surely a virus. First, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis B virus have been proposed as possible etiological agents of AIDS. A direct link between ubiquitous viruses and the occurrence of the disease has been discarded. At present time, etiological researches provide evidence that retroviruses are the best candidates for the etiology of AIDS. These agents could be directly responsible of the profound suppression of the cell-mediated immunity observed in patients with AIDS. Two human retroviruses are now proposed: human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) or lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV). Moreover simian AIDS (SAIDS) occurred spontaneously at several primate centers in USA; a retrovirus partially related to Mason Pfizer monkey virus appears to be the etiologic agent of SAIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Lymphadenopathy associated virus and its etiological role in AIDS.

Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) is a novel human retrovirus first reported in 1983. It was isolated from the lymph node lymphocytes of a French homosexual patient with generalized hyperplasic lymphadenopathy. Subsequently LAV was isolated from patients with frank acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) coming from all the different high-risk groups, while anti-LAV antibodies were detected equally in individuals from all "at-risk" groups. Such a profile is consistent with the virus being the major etiological agent of AIDS. Furthermore its biological properties, namely its cytopathic effect in vitro, its T4-cell tropism as well as the role of the T4 molecule in virus infection explain, at least in part, the pathophysiology of AIDS. The major core (gag) proteins are p18, p25, and p13 which are products of a Pr55 precursor. The major envelope (env) glycoprotein is unusually large (gp110) for a retrovirus and comparable to those of the lentiviruses. Recently the virus has been molecularly cloned. The genome is 9.2 kb long, longer than any other known replication competent retrovirus apart from the lentiviruses. The absence of molecular hybridization between cloned LAV and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) genomes compounds the original and extensive differences noted between these viruses and demonstrates that LAV is a prototype of a new class of human retrovirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

[West Nile virus meningomyeloencephalitis--value of interferon assays in primary encephalitis].

A 68 year-old woman contracted West Nile fever after a stay of one month in Israel. Mild encephalitis and severe myelitis, resembling the "polio syndrome", developed, with important sequelae. Specific antibodies against West Nile fever virus progressively increased in the patient's serum. Epidemiological and clinical data about neurologic aspects of this infection are reviewed. Meningoencephalitis is not unusual, but only one previous case of acute anterior myelitis has been described in humans although this pathology is well known in experimental and veterinary diseases. Very few studies concern interferon and arbovirus infections in humans. Interferon assays in our patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid showed its presence and persistence: this is in relation with the replication of the virus in the central nervous system, as it has been demonstrated in other primary viral encephalitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A retrovirus belonging to the family of recently discovered human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV), but clearly distinct from each previous isolate, has been isolated from a Caucasian patient with signs and symptoms that often precede the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This virus is a typical type-C RNA tumor virus, buds from the cell membrane, prefers magnesium for reverse transcriptase activity, and has an internal antigen (p25) similar to HTLV p24. Antibodies from serum of this patient react with proteins from viruses of the HTLV-I subgroup, but type-specific antisera to HTLV-I do not precipitate proteins of the new isolate. The virus from this patient has been transmitted into cord blood lymphocytes, and the virus produced by these cells is similar to the original isolate. From these studies it is concluded that this virus as well as the previous HTLV isolates belong to a general family of T-lymphotropic retroviruses that are horizontally transmitted in humans and may be involved in several pathological syndromes, including AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

[Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 4 homosexuals].

Two young homosexual men apparently without any obvious cause of immunosuppression suddenly developed a series of opportunistic infections. Two others presented with prolonged fever and multiple lymph node enlargement of obscure origin. Immunological investigations in these 4 patients showed skin anergy and inversion of helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratio. Proliferative responses to mitogenic agents, soluble antigens and allogenic cells were altered only in the 2 patients with opportunistic infections. Humoral immunity seemed to be preserved in all cases. These 4 patients had previously suffered from many sexually-transmitted infections, had spent some time in the United States and had signs of past or present cytomegalovirus infection. As in the U.S.A., where this "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" suddenly developed during the past 2 years, one may suspect, among several hypotheses, that it is caused by a transmissible agent now present in France.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) and detection of LAV antibodies from US patients with AIDS.

A human retrovirus was isolated from the peripheral blood of three American patients newly diagnosed with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In each case the major core viral protein (p25) was shown to be antigenically identical to that of the prototype lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). Two of the viral isolates were derived from intravenous narcotics abusers, the first demonstration of LAV isolation from this risk group. Antibody to LAV was detected by an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serum samples of these and 14 additional American patients with AIDS and in none of 12 hospital worker controls. These findings provide support for the etiologic association of LAV and AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Field investigation of influenza vaccine effectiveness on morbidity.

Our objective was to evaluate influenza vaccine effectiveness during an influenza epidemic by means of a matched case-control study. The study was performed by 35 general practitioners who collected specimens for influenza virus testing from 610 patients who consulted for infectious syndrome: 168 (28%) were influenza-positive. Two designs were used for selecting controls to take into account the high incidence-rate of influenza-like illness and the various possible protective effects of the vaccine. A first disease-free control matched for age and sex was selected during the same week as the case. A second control matched for age and sex was selected at the end of the epidemic period, irrespective of disease history during the epidemic period. Upper and lower bounds of vaccine effectiveness can be derived from these case-control designs. After adjustment for chronic conditions and exposure to an index case, analysis of the matched-pairs whose case was influenza-positive showed, with the first group of controls, an influenza vaccine effectiveness of 68% (95% CI, 10% to 88%) and, in the second group, 53% (95% CI, -19% to 82%). Among the pairs whose case was negative for influenza, vaccine effectiveness was, respectively, 31% (95% CI, -17% to 59%) and 12% (95% CI, -47% to 47%). Vaccine effectiveness was highest for the H3N2 subtype whose vaccine strain was identical to that of the wild-type strain. The results suggest that influenza vaccine is effective in the field in preventing influenza morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors correlated with homosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of "safer sex". Was the prevention message clear and well understood? Alain Brugeat Physician Group.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 1986 and January 1988 among 246 homosexual/bisexual patients by consulting physicians promoting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevention, to determine factors correlated with HIV infection a few years after the launch of safer sex recommendations. After adjustment for numbers of sexual partners and frequency of unprotected receptive anal intercourse, seropositive subjects, compared to seronegative ones, had significantly higher frequencies of: (1) receptive anal intercourse using condoms and extraneous lubricants, (2) anorectal douching before or after intercourse, (3) past history of syphilis, and (4) nitrite inhalations. The first three factors remained significant after multivariate analysis. Eighty-three percent of the subjects practicing receptive anal intercourse with condoms plus lubricants used inappropriate lubricants. Some factors identified in our study are well established risk factors for homosexually acquired HIV infection, suggesting that safer sex recommendations still are not followed by all. Our results also elicit additional factors that independently increase the risk. Two of them, extraneous lubrication of the condom for anal receptive intercourse and anorectal douching, may result from a misunderstood notion of "safer sex," or from practices thought by mistake to protect against HIV.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nervous system involvement in HIV1 infections in infants].

A prospective survey of 38 HIV1-infected infants has been performed. Thirty-four percent of the patients expressed neurological abnormalities. Three main clinical entities of various intensity have been defined: 8 patients had severe intellectual and motor dysfunctions associated with a bucco-lingual dyspraxia; in 4 patients, the intellectual and motor alterations were less intense but were associated with a severe bucco-lingual dyspraxia; finally one patient had no clinical symptomatology but a chronic lymphocytic meningitis. No opportunistic infection of the CNS was observed. The neurological alterations were correlated in intensity with the immunological dysfunction. CT scans were normal or showed cerebral atrophy in most cases. CSF were normal in 12 cases and a pleiocytosis was observed in one case. However, in 4 of the 6 tested cases, anti-HIV antibodies were detected in CSF.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: infectious and immunological status assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been performed in 63 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 20 patients with chronic generalized lymphadenopathy (CGL) for the diagnosis of lung opportunistic infections and analysis of immune effector cells of the lower respiratory tract. In patients with AIDS, Pneumocystis carinii was found in 63%. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia was assessed by viral cultures of BAL fluid and microscopic examination: CMV was found in 62% and 39% respectively. Mycobacteria were encountered in 22% of cases. Altogether BAL yielded at least one opportunistic agent in 94% of patients who presented with clinical and/or radiographic pulmonary involvement, and in 80% of patients who presented with fever only. Conversely BAL was negative in all patients with CGL, except one positive CMV culture. Analysis of BAL cells revealed an increased cellularity in AIDS and CGL patients with normal numbers of alveolar macrophages. Alveolar lymphocytes were surprisingly increased in most patients with AIDS (mean 26.1 +/- 21.9%; range 1-76%) and CGL (mean 26.6 +/- 22.6%; range 3-76%) with criteria of activation contrasting with the blood lymphopenia. Evaluation of lung lymphocyte phenotypes revealed a marked decrease in T4 cell percentages, specially in AIDS, whereas the large majority of alveolar lymphocytes expressed the T8 phenotype. We conclude that BAL is a very reliable means for diagnosis of opportunistic lung infections and give interesting prospects to study local immunity in patients with AIDS and CGL.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗