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Biomedical subjects

C Rose

Publications and source records attributed to C Rose.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Beneficial effect of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in primary breast cancer patients with high oestrogen receptor values.

Oestrogen receptor concentrations were measured in primary tumours of 291 postmenopausal breast cancer patients with high risk of recurrence. These patients were a subset of the 1650 patients participating in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group's trial of adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen (30 mg daily for one year). A cut-off point of 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein and the use of a Cox proportional hazards model distinguished between patients with long recurrence-free survivals and those with early recurrent disease. The use of this model also showed that patients with an oestrogen-receptor content below 100 fmol/mg did not benefit from the endocrine therapy, while those with concentrations above 100 fmol/mg had a significantly longer recurrence-free survival. This finding is consistent with the response of advanced breast cancer to endocrine treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Combined cytotoxic and endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. A randomized EORTC study of CMF vs CMF + tamoxifen.

Two hundred and sixty-three patients with advanced measurable breast cancer were randomized to receive cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF + tamoxifen (T). Each cycle of CMF (C, 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-14, M, 40 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8, F, 600 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8) was repeated every 4 weeks. Tamoxifen, 20 mg twice daily, was given continuously. The treatment results as assessed by external reviewing were as follows in the CMF and CMF + T groups, respectively: PD 24 and 10%, NC 27 and 15%, PR 29 and 44%, CR 20 and 31%. The difference between response (CR + PR) rates is highly significant (P = 0.0001). Derived from life-table analysis, the median duration of remission was 12 months in the CMF-treated group and 18 months in patients treated with CMF + T (P = 0.04). Median duration of survival was 19 and 24 months, respectively (P = 0.12), but in the group of responders CMF + T was significantly superior to CMF (32 months vs 21 months, P = 0.03). The addition of T was of benefit to all subgroups but the difference only reached statistical significance in patients with the dominant site of disease in viscera, in patients with a Karnofsky index of 100 and in patients of more than 60 years of age. The amount of CMF given was identical in two groups with a trend for a decrease in dose with increasing age. No relation between response rate and amount of dose given was observed. In conclusion, the addition of T to CMF improves the therapeutic results in patients with advanced breast cancer although the superiority of the combined treatment is statistically significant only in some subsets of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Endocrine treatment with anti-estrogen, anti-androgen or progestagen of advanced malignant melanoma: three consecutive phase II trials.

Malignant melanoma is generally considered as a hormone-independent tumour. However, epidemiological, clinical and experimental data suggest that steroid hormones can influence the growth of this tumour. The therapeutic efficacy of endocrine treatment was evaluated in three consecutive phase II trials with the anti-estrogen tamoxifen, the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate and the progestagen medroxyprogesterone acetate. The 53 evaluable patients were mainly untreated with other forms of systemic therapy. Using response criteria in accord with WHO, none of the patients in the three trials obtained an objective remission. In summary, the present trials have demonstrated that the clinical course of advanced malignant melanoma is indifferent to competitive and additive endocrine treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Combined cytotoxic and endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. A randomized study of CMF vs CMF plus tamoxifen.

In this study 263 patients with advanced measurable breast cancer were randomized to receive cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF + tamoxifen (T). Each cycle of CMF (C, 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-14, M 40 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8, F, 600 mg/m2 i.v. days 1 and 8) was repeated every 4 weeks. Tamoxifen, 20 mg twice daily, was given continuously. The treatment results have been assessed by external review for the 220 evaluable patients and were the following for the CMF and CMF + T groups, respectively: PD: 24 and 10%; NC: 27 and 15%; PR: 29 and 44%; and CR: 20 and 31%. The difference between response (CR + PR) rates is highly significant (P = 0.0001). The median duration of remission was 12 months in the CMF-treated group and 18 months in patients treated with CMF + T (P = 0.09). The median duration of survival was 19 months and 24 months respectively (P = 0.07). However, in the group of responders patients receiving CMF + T survived significantly longer than those who received CMF alone (32 months vs 21 months, P = 0.005). The addition of T appeared to be of benefit in all subgroups. The largest differences were seen in patients with the dominant site of disease in the viscera, in patients with a Karnofsky index of 100, and in patients of more than 60 yr of age. The amount of CMF given was identical in the two treatment groups and there was a trend toward a decrease in dose with increasing age. No relationship between response and dose given was observed. In conclusion, the simultaneous use of T and CMF improves the therapeutic results in patients with advanced breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of the role of "enkephalinase" in cholecystokinin inactivation.

Cholecystokinin octapeptide and the C-terminal tetrapeptide are hydrolysed by a highly purified preparation of "enkephalinase" (EC 3.4.24.11). In both cases the Asp-PheNH2 bond is hydrolysed and the Gly4-Trp5 bond of the octapeptide is also cleaved, though more slowly. Evaluated from the appearance of Phe-NH2, the Km for the hydrolysis of the octapeptide by the purified peptidase is 57 microM and that for the tetrapeptide 65 microM. The apparent affinities of these peptides for the enzyme in striatal membranes are similar. The importance of this hydrolysis in the inactivation of endogenous cholecystokinin was assessed by studying the fate of cholecystokinin immunoreactivity released from slices of rat cerebral cortex and striatum by depolarization with potassium. In the absence of any peptidase inhibitor only 16% of the peptide released from the tissue was recovered in immunoreactive form in the medium, indicating that endogenous cholecystokinin octapeptide is, like other neuropeptides, rapidly and extensively hydrolysed following release. Selective inhibition of "enkephalinase" by Thiorphan (DL-3-mercapto-2-benzylpropanoyl glycine) did not significantly alter the recovery from slices of cerebral cortex and had only a very slight effect in the case of striatal slices. This suggests that, while cholecystokinin octapeptide is a substrate for "enkephalinase", this enzyme plays a less important (if any) role in the inactivation of endogenous cholecystokinin than for the opioid peptides.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Treatment complications after sequential combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy with or without surgery in previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

One hundred consecutive patients with previously untreated advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with induction combination chemotherapy followed by definitive surgery and/or radiotherapy, and were evaluated for radiotherapy related toxicity. The induction regimen consisted of cisplatin, bleomycin and methotrexate/leucovorin. Acute toxicity consisted predominantly of mucositis and weight loss, and was mild or moderate by degree in 94% of patients. Six percent of patients experienced severe or life threatening acute toxicities. Two acute toxic deaths were noted in this series, one from a combination of mucositis, weight loss and infection and one from hypoglycemia of unknown origin. Thirty-five percent of patients had radiation treatment interrupted briefly because of acute toxicity. Toxicity was greatest in patients who were nonresponders to induction chemotherapy and such may have been related to the continued presence of advanced tumor. Radiotherapy dose, surgical intervention and age did not have an impact on the presence or degree of acute toxicity. Late toxicities included: hypothyroidism in 32% of patients tested: osteoradionecrosis in 5% of patients, associated primarily with a composite resection (4 of 5 cases); and soft tissue ulcerations in 3%. Taken together, these data indicate that induction combination chemotherapy did not significantly increase the toxicity of subsequent radiotherapy with or without surgery.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Progress in 3-D treatment planning for photon beam therapy.

The purpose of this report is to study the feasibility of improving dose distributions using non-coplanar photon beams from a linear accelerator. Non-coplanar beams may enter the patient in any arbitrary configuration. This type of treatment technique requires a three-dimensional (3-D) planning system. Clinical examples are used to illustrate the general problems in 3-D treatment planning, and the potential improvement over coplanar beam treatments. Features of a treatment planning system for 3-D planning are discussed.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Argyrophilic cells in 202 human mucinous breast carcinomas. Relation to histopathologic and clinical factors.

Two hundred two human, mucinous breast carcinomas were investigated for the presence of argyrophilic granules, and these granules were found in 25% of the cases. The granules were located in the cytoplasm and were heterogeneously distributed within the tumors. Tumors with granules were otherwise morphologically indistinguishable from those tumors without granules. The recurrence-free survival was independent of the presence of granules, and no relation was found to other clinical or histopathologic factors. Tumors with granules were found to be estrogen-receptor positive, and they appear to have a slightly less aggressive growth pattern than tumors without granules, but the difference is far from being statistically significant. It is concluded that there is no convincing evidence that this group of primary breast carcinomas with argyrophilia originates from APUD cells.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1985

Sulfation and desulfation of cerebral cholecystokinin.

An apparently novel sulfotransferase present in microsomal and vesicular fractions from rat brain is able to transfer [35S]sulfate groups from [35S]PAPS to CCK derivatives. Its optimum pH (approximately 6), its substrate specificity, and its subcellular localization are all consistent with its function as post-translational processing enzyme. However, its presence in tissues devoid of CCK argues against this idea, or could simply mean that it is involved in the processing of other peptides besides CCK. No evidence could be obtained for extensive desulfation of endogenous CCK-8 released by depolarization of brain slices.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic value of surface antigens in primary human breast carcinomas, detected by monoclonal antibodies.

Three monoclonal antibodies, raised against human milk fat globule membranes, have been applied to 194 primary human breast carcinomas. The detected antigenic sites were found to be heterogeneously distributed. A statistical association with estrogen receptor content and grade of anaplasia was found for two of the antigens, Mam 3a and Mam 3b. The presence of all three antigens was independent of menopausal status, age, primary lymph node metastases, and progesterone receptor status. Life table analysis showed a better survival for patients with tumors positive for Mam 3b. The effect of these variables on recurrence-free survival has been analyzed using a Cox regression model. It is found that the most important prognostic factors are the number of positive lymph nodes, the estrogen receptor content, and the menopausal status of the high-risk patients. The ability of a model based on these factors to predict recurrence is not significantly improved by including any of the three surface antigens.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Elastosis in relation to prognosis in primary breast carcinoma.

The content of elastic tissue has been evaluated in 171 primary breast carcinomas. Of the tumors, 35% had no or very little elastic tissue in the malignant areas, 42% presented with medium elastosis, and 22% had gross elastosis. The occurrence of elastin has been related to different prognostic factors. An increasing amount of elastin was found with increasing amounts of estrogen receptor (p = 0.0003), while there was only a slight correlation to the progesterone receptor content. Furthermore, the highly differentiated tumors contained more elastin in their tumor tissue than the poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.003), and parous women had significantly more elastin than nonparous women (p = 0.02). The presence of elastin was not, however, of any demonstrable prognostic significance.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. A preliminary report of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, bleomycin, and methotrexate.

Between Oct 1, 1979 and Aug 1, 1982, 93 patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck were given neoadjuvant treatment with cisplatin, bleomycin sulfate, and methotrexate before standard local treatment. Ninety-three patients were evaluable for response. The response rates were as follows: complete response, 24%; partial response, 64%; and no response, 12%. Differences in primary tumor site, performance status at presentation, histologic grade, and tumor size did not correlate with response to this chemotherapy. For patients achieving notable tumor reduction to 2 cm or less, standard local treatment with either surgery plus radiotherapy or high-dose radiotherapy alone was effective in controlling local disease. For patients with larger tumor masses following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resectability appeared to improve local control rates. In our series, patients not receiving maximal standard local treatment often had relapse of local disease despite favorable responses to chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Ovarian androblastoma metastatic to tonsil.

Structural pattern of a tonsillar tumor found in a 67-year-old female was similar to a small ovarian androblastoma diagnosed histologically 6 1/2 years earlier. Electron microscopic study of the tonsillar mass revealed crystalloid structures suggestive of the Leydig cell origin of the tumor. After tonsillectomy, there was no local recurrence of the tumor, but the patient died a year later of multiple metastases. There appeared to be no previous reports of ovarian tumors metastatic to tonsil, and malignant androblastomas of the Leydig cell type are extremely rare.

Female↗