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Biomedical subjects

C Rodgers

Publications and source records attributed to C Rodgers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Metabolism of [14C]-5-chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-amine in male Wistar-derived rats following intraperitoneal administration.

[14C]-5-chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-amine was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to bile duct-cannulated rats (Alpk:ApfSD, Wistar derived) at 25 mg kg-1 to determine the rates and routes of excretion of the compound and to investigate its metabolic fate. A total of 89.1% of the dose was excreted in the 48 h following administration, the majority being recovered in the urine during the first 12 h. The main metabolite in both urine and bile, detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radioprofiling and mass spectrometry, was identified as a demethylenated monosulfate conjugate. Unchanged parent compound formed a major component of the radiolabel excreted in urine and, in addition to unchanged parent and demethylenated sulphate conjugate, a large number of minor metabolites were detected in urine and bile. The overall metabolic fate of 5-chloro-1,3-benzodioxol-4-amine in the rat was complex, with some similarities to previously studied methylenedioxyphenyl compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

An audit to evaluate the accessibility, cost, impact on work place absence and convenience of attending genitourinary medicine clinics in London and Plymouth.

We conducted a survey to assess the accessibility, cost, impact on work place absence and convenience of attending two genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics, one in London and one in Plymouth. Nine hundred and fifty-eight questionnaires were collected for analysis (448 from London [L] and 510 from Plymouth [P]). The majority in London used public transport whereas the majority in Plymouth used private transport. Journey costs were less than 5 for the majority (75% L and 59% P). Of those in employment 229/678 (44%) had to take time off from work to attend. Women were significantly less likely (13/308, 4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2-6.5%) than men (51/370, 14% 95% [CI] 10.317.3%) to give up annual leave to attend. Both clinics were judged accessible, affordable and convenient by the majority of clinic users.

Behavior↗
PubMed2002

Application of (1)H- and (19)F-NMR spectroscopy in the investigation of the urinary and biliary excretion of 3,5-, 2,4-ditrifluoromethylbenzoic and pentafluorobenzoic acids in rat.

1. The metabolism and excretion of 2,4-, 3,5-ditrifluoromethyl- and pentafluorobenzoic acids were studied in the bile-cannulated rat using (1)H- and (19)F-NMR spectroscopy following intraperitoneal administration at 50 mg kg(-1). 2. Pentafluorobenzoic acid was excreted in the urine entirely unchanged. No detectable compound or metabolites were eliminated in the bile. A total of 63.5 +/- 6.7% of the dose was recovered in the 24-h collection period. 3. In the case of 2,4-ditrifluromethyl benzoic acid, 83.9 +/- 5.2% of the dose was recovered in the 24h after administration, with about 52% being excreted in the urine and 32% in the bile. The majority of the material present in the urine was unchanged parent compound. In bile, some 60% of the compound-related material excreted was present as transacylated ester glucuronide conjugates. 4. For 3,5-ditrifluoromethylbenzoic acid, 49.6 +/- 5.3% of the dose was recovered in the 24-h collection period, with about 22% being excreted in the urine and 28% in the bile. The material excreted in both the urine and bile was a mixture of the parent acid and transacylated ester glucuronides. 5. Urinary excretion in bile-cannulated animals was similar to that found in studies using non-cannulated animals dosed at 100mg kg(-1).

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Why do patients not keep their appointments? Prospective study in a gastroenterology outpatient clinic.

Unkept outpatient appointments are a drain on resources. In a prospective study we asked non-attenders at a gastroenterology clinic why they had missed their appointment. 103 patients missed their appointment (14% of the total invited); 3 had died. The remaining 100 were asked to complete questionnaires, 68 by mail (43 returned) and 32 by telephone (30 successful); the response rate was thus 73%. 49 of the respondents were new patients, 6 of them with urgent referrals. The explanations for non-attendance by the 73 patients were: forgot to attend or to cancel (30%); no reason (26%); clerical errors (10%); felt better (8%), fearful of being seen by junior doctor (3%); inpatient in another hospital (3%); miscellaneous other (20%). 13 (27%) of the review patients had not kept one or more previous appointments. The non-attendance rates for different clinics ranged from 10% to 25% (average 14%). A substantial number of non-attenders claimed to have forgotten their appointment or to cancel it. If, as we surmise, this reflects apathy, no strategy to improve attendance is likely to have great impact. Since the non-attendance rate is reasonably constant, it can be taken into account when patients are booked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Increased responses of glucagon and glucose production to hypoglycemia with intraperitoneal versus subcutaneous insulin treatment.

The study aim was to investigate the effect of the route of insulin treatment on the glucagon and glucose production (GP) responses to hypoglycemia in the diabetic rat. Experiments were performed in 4 groups of rats: (1) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic, untreated (D, n = 7), (2) diabetic treated with subcutaneous insulin (DSC, n = 8), (3) diabetic treated with intraperitoneal insulin (DIP, n = 6), and (4) normal control (N, n = 10). Slow-release insulin implants were used in DSC and DIP rats for 10 to 14 days (3 U/d). A hyperinsulinemic (120 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1) insulin)-hypoglycemic (glycemia = 2.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/L) clamp following an isoglycemic basal period was performed in 5-hour fasted rats. Basal plasma glucose was normalized in both DSC and DIP rats; however, in DSC but not DIP rats, glucose normalization required peripheral hyperinsulinemia. Tracer-determined GP, which was elevated in D rats, was completely normalized in DIP but only partially corrected in DSC rats. Basal glucagon levels were similar in all groups. During hypoglycemia, GP was suppressed in D rats (delta, -28.9 +/- 5.0 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), moderately increased in DSC rats (delta, 6.1 +/- 5.6, P < .01 v D), but markedly increased in DIP and N rats (delta, 34.5 +/- 4.5 for DIP and 16.8 +/- 2.8 for N; P < .01 vD, P < .05 for DIP v DSC or N). Plasma glucagon increased 6-fold in N (945 +/- 129 pg/mL), only doubled in D (424 +/- 54), and tripled in DSC (588 +/- 83), but increased 5-fold in DIP rats (1,031 +/- 75, P < .05 v D and DSC). We conclude that in STZ-diabetic rats, (1) intraperitoneal but not subcutaneous insulin treatment normalizes basal GP, and (2) intraperitoneal insulin treatment as compared with subcutaneous treatment alleviates peripheral hyperinsulinemia and results in increased glucagon and GP responses to hypoglycemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Changes in rat muscle with compensatory overload occur in a sequential manner.

The present study was initiated to determine the time course of changes in the profile of selected skeletal muscle myofibril proteins during compensatory overload. Whole muscle isometric contractile properties were measured to assess the physiological consequences of the overload stimulus. Compensatory overload of plantaris muscle of rats was induced by surgical ablation of the synergistic soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Myosin light chain (LC) and tropomyosin (TM) compositions of control (CP) and overloaded plantaris (OP) muscles were determined by electrophoresis and myofibrillar ATPase assays were performed to assess changes in contractile protein interactions. Within one week of overload decreases in the alpha:beta TM ratio and myofibrillar ATPase activity were observed. Following 30 days of overload, a transition in type II to type I fibres was associated with an increase in slow myosin LC1. Interestingly, after 77 days of overload, the TM subunit ratio returned to one resembling a fast twitch muscle. It is proposed that the early and transitory changes in the TM subunits of OP, as well as the rapid initial depression in maximum tetanic isometric force and myofibrillar ATPase activity may be explained as a result of muscle fibre degeneration-regeneration. We propose that alterations in protein expression induced by compensatory overload reflect both degenerative-regenerative change and increased neuromuscular activity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

Consultations for 'maladaptive denial of illness' in patients with cancer: psychiatric disorders that result in noncompliance.

Patients who present with late stages of cancer often have complicated medical and psychiatric problems which are labeled as 'maladaptive delay or denial.' In some of these patients, psychiatric problems have either contributed to the delay in medical presentation for care or have interfered with treatment of the late stage cancer. The authors review some of the factors that contributed to delay and noncompliance in a series of patients with cancer who were evaluated by the psychiatric consultation service of a university hospital. Specifically, psychoses and cognitive impairment played a major role in delay and noncompliance. The authors discuss recommendations for management of such patients, and suggest that clinicians often benefit from the assistance of the psychiatric consultant as part of the treatment team. Multiple resources and multiple types of intervention are needed in order to help such patients negotiate the clinical environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Use of high dose benzodiazepines in alcohol and sedative withdrawal delirium.

The authors describe two patients who required massive doses of benzodiazepines to treat complicated alcohol and sedative withdrawal delirium. Some of the factors that contribute to difficulties in management are discussed. Finally, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of high dose pharmacologic management and controversies regarding psychopharmacologic management of such complex patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pancreatic abnormalities and AIDS related sclerosing cholangitis.

OBJECTIVES: Biliary tract abnormalities are well recognised in AIDS, most frequently related to opportunistic infection with Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium, and cytomegalovirus. We noted a high frequency of pancreatic abnormalities associated with biliary tract disease. To define these further we reviewed the clinical and radiological features in these patients. METHODS: Notes and radiographs were available from two centres for 83 HIV positive patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the investigation of cholestatic liver function tests or abdominal pain. RESULTS: 56 patients had AIDS related sclerosing cholangitis (ARSC); 86% of these patients had epigastric or right upper quadrant pain and 52% had hepatomegaly. Of the patients with ARSC, 10 had papillary stenosis alone, 11 had intra- and extrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis alone, and 35 had a combination of the two. Ampullary biopsies performed in 24 patients confirmed an opportunistic infection in 16. In 15 patients, intraluminal polyps were noted on the cholangiogram. Pancreatograms were available in 34 of the 45 patients with papillary stenosis, in which 29 (81%) had associated pancreatic duct dilatation, often with associated features of chronic pancreatitis. In the remaining 27 patients, final diagnoses included drug induced liver disease, acalculous cholecystitis, gall bladder empyema, chronic B virus hepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic abnormalities are commonly seen with ARSC and may be responsible for some of the pain not relieved by biliary sphincterotomy. The most frequent radiographic biliary abnormality is papillary stenosis combined with ductal sclerosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Necropsy findings in lysinuric protein intolerance.

Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, characterised by defective transport of the cationic amino acids lysine, arginine and ornithine. To date there are few reported necropsy cases. This report describes the necropsy findings in a 21 year old female patient originally diagnosed as having LPI in 1973. Liver function tests deteriorated and immediately before death jaundice, hyperammonaemia, coma, metabolic acidosis, and a severe bleeding diathesis developed. At necropsy, there was micronodular cirrhosis of the liver with extensive fatty change in hepatocytes. The lungs showed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy revealed the presence of a glomerulonephritis with predominant IgA deposition. These necropsy findings reflect the spectrum of lesions reported in LPI, providing further evidence of an association between this condition and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cirrhosis and glomerulonephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treating the patient who is disfigured by head and neck cancer.

A 46-year-old man with laryngeal carcinoma was admitted to the medical service for lethargy. The medical team requested a psychiatric consultation to assist with the patient's depression, substance abuse, and noncompliance. The case is presented and discussed with reference to the issues of depression, disfigurement, dysfunction, and substance abuse in the patient with head and neck cancer.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1994

Right-angle partially compressible hemostatic clip applier.

A modification of a hemostatic clip applier is described that can apply clips at right angles to the plane of the handles. This device may be particularly useful in certain neurosurgical settings where use of the conventional clip applier is difficult. This device also prevents overcompression of clips.

Dura Mater↗