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Biomedical subjects

C Roche

Publications and source records attributed to C Roche.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Acute normovolaemic haemodilution does not reduce the inflammatory process induced by facial surgery.

The place of preoperative acute normovolaemic haemodilution (haematocrit = 28%-32%) in reducing postoperative inflammation was evaluated after facial surgery. Thirty-two patients scheduled for mandibular osteotomy were randomized to a nonhaemodiluted group or to a haemodiluted group. The degree of postoperative inflammation was evaluated: first by an x-ray technique (radiotelemetry) providing measurements of the tissue thickness (quantitation of facial oedema), and second by the measurement of four acute phase protein plasma concentrations during the first postoperative week. Throughout the study, no changes in facial oedema or in variation of acute phase proteins were detected after haemodilution. It is concluded that acute normovolaemic haemodilution has no effect on the intensity of facial oedema and the biological inflammation process after facial surgery.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1995

Clinical experience with an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.

Clinical trials of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine have encompassed 104 studies completed by December 1993 in 27 countries. Studies involved 50,677 subjects and administration of > 120,000 vaccine doses. Results show that the vaccine is safe, clinically well-tolerated, and highly immunogenic in all age groups. A seroconversion rate of 100% is achieved 1 month after primary vaccination. Vaccine-induced antibody titers persist after a primary vaccination course for > or = 1 year with a single dose of 1440 ELISA units (EL.U.) in adults and after two doses of 360 EL.U. in children. A booster dose 6-12 months after the first vaccine dose induces very high antibody titers, which according to a mathematical model, are expected to protect against hepatitis A for > 20 years. The vaccine is equally immunogenic when administered simultaneously with other traveler vaccines, therefore enabling flexible and convenient vaccination against hepatitis A.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ultra-rapid, simple, sensitive, and economical silica method for extraction of dengue viral RNA from clinical specimens and mosquitoes by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

A rapid, simple and efficient single-tube procedure is described for the isolation of dengue virus RNA from small amount of serum (10 microliters) followed by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Recovery of RNA is based on the lysing and nuclease-inactivating properties of guanidinium thiocyanate in the presence of silica. The silica RT-PCR can be completed within 5 hours starting from RNA extraction to agarose gel electrophoresis. All of the 63 dengue-3 culture-positive sera were RT-PCR-positive (virus titres: < 10(2) to 11(10.69.). Of 33 culture-negative acute sera from serologically confirmed dengue fever patients collected during dengue-3 epidemic, 4 were RT-PCR-positive. RT-PCR was also positive in 29 of 30 dengue-1 culture-positive sera (virus titres range: < 10(2) to 10(8.69). Dengue-1 virus was also detected in field-caught Aedes aegypti mosquitoes by silica RT-PCR.

Aedes↗
PubMed1991

[The amnesic effects of midazolam in premedication of children].

The aim of this study was to check local and general tolerance as well as anxiolytic and amnesic effects of midazolam intramuscular administration as a premedication in 4 to 10 years old children. A double blind, comparative study with a placebo was achieved, after drawing lots, in 40 children divided into two equal groups. Premedication consisted of either midazolam or injectable water administrated with a posology of 0.3 to 0.5 mg.kg-1 combined, in both cases, with atropine sulfate (0.015 mg.kg-1). Results confirmed good local and general tolerance. Also anterograde amnesia was found to be excellent: 17 children in the midazolam group did not remember a photograph shown after premedication, instead of only one in the placebo group. Anxiolytic effects, similar in both groups, cannot be considered owing to the too short interval of time from premedication to induction.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on the rat pancreatic gastrin-producing cell line B6 RIN.

The mechanisms of cholinergic stimulation of gastrin cells were studied in the rat pancreatic cell line B6 RIN. Carbachol induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and stimulated gastrin release in a dose-dependent manner over the range 10(-5)-10(-3) M. These effects were completely abolished by atropine, suggesting the implication of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. The binding properties of these receptors were investigated. [N-Methyl-3H]scopolamine [( 3H]NMS) binding on cell homogenates was time-dependent, saturable and consistent with a single high-affinity binding class (Kd = 39.5 pM, and Bmax = 7.9 fmol/mg DNA). Carbachol competitively inhibited [3H]NMS binding. The potency of inhibition of [3H]NMS binding by subtype selective antagonists was hexahydrodifenidol greater than pirenzepine greater than AF-DX 116. These results suggest the M3 muscarinic receptors may be involved in the carbachol-induced gastrin release from B6 RIN cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The role of neonatal electroencephalography in the prognosis of the hypoxic-ischemic syndrome].

One hundred and thirty four newborn children of 37 weeks' gestation age or greater, with evidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia and surviving through the neonatal period were prospectively studied. The study involved evaluation of clinical outcome and the presence of epilepsy associated with the EEG pattern in the neonatal period. The results prove that the presence of a burst suppression EEG pattern and a hypoactive/flat EEG are negative prognostic criteria. In presence of a focal or multifocal pattern it is difficult to establish a clear prognostic criteria. Last, in newborn children with a normal EEG; with a low amplitude register; with frequencies slow or with bilateral sharp waves transients, a good prognosis can safely be established.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1989

A rapid mechanical vibration procedure for purifying mature (Ia positive) columnar epithelial cells from the mouse small intestine.

A mechanical vibration method previously described for isolating gut epithelium was adapted to purify murine small intestinal epithelial cells in single cell suspension with high viability, good yield, optimal purity (99% epithelial cells with no other contaminating intestinal cells), and with preservation of phenotypical and physiological properties of epithelial cells. This rapid and easy procedure did not involve the use of any chelating agent or proteolytic enzyme. Extracted gut epithelial cells were suitable for in vitro functional assays within 45 min. Cell viability, as assessed by both the trypan blue due exclusion test and by titration of lactate dehydrogenase activity in the supernatant was greater than 75% up to 7 h after epithelial cell extraction. Light microscopy analysis of the duodeno-jejunal segment before and after mechanical vibration indicated that villous but not crypt epithelium was obtained using this method. Furthermore 99% of isolated epithelial cells expressed major histocompatibility class II (Ia) antigens indicating that the method was suitable for studies of the antigen presenting capacity of gut enterocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Theophylline inhibits transcellular Ca transport in intestine and Ca binding by CaBP.

Theophylline, when added to the incubation medium of everted duodenal sacs prepared from rats on a low-calcium diet, was found to inhibit transcellular Ca transport in a concentration-dependent manner, with an inhibitor constant (Ki) of 10.8 mM theophylline. Neither the rate of cellular Ca entry, as evaluated with the aid of brush-border membrane vesicles, nor the rate of cellular Ca extrusion, assessed by measuring ATP-dependent Ca uptake of basolateral membrane vesicles, was significantly altered by the addition of theophylline to the uptake media. However, Ca-binding by calcium-binding protein (CaBP; calbindin D9k), Mr approximately 8,800) was depressed by theophylline in a concentration-dependent manner, with Ki = 3.2 mM theophylline. Theophylline had no effect on Ca binding by calmodulin and the theophylline-induced inhibition of transcellular calcium transport was independent of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels. Theophylline also had no effect on paracellular Ca movement. Since the theophylline-induced inhibition of Ca-binding by CaBP paralleled the inhibition of transcellular Ca transport, it is concluded that CaBP functions in transcellular Ca transport via its ability to bind Ca.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Localization of vitamin D-dependent active Ca2+ transport in rat duodenum and relation to CaBP.

Vitamin D-replete (+D) and vitamin D-deficient (-D) rats received by intraperitoneal injection varying amounts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 4 h (+D) or 9 h (-D) later everted duodenal sacs were prepared to evaluate active calcium transport, i.e., the amount of calcium found in the serosal fluid. At the same time, duodenal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) content was measured. Calcium transport was a close positive function of CaBP content. It was not detectable when CaBP content was zero and increased linearly without plateauing as CaBP content increased to 100 nmol calcium bound/g mucosa. Trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited active calcium transport in a concentration-dependent manner. Experiments using vesicles prepared from brush-border or basolateral membranes indicated that TFP inhibited the calcium-extrusion process, with virtually no effect on calcium entry. It is concluded that vitamin D exerts its major regulation of active calcium transport in the rat duodenum via CaBP on transport steps beyond brush-border entry.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of Ca2+-ATPase, ATP-dependent Ca2+-transport, calmodulin and vitamin D-dependent Ca2+-binding protein along the villus-crypt axis in rat duodenum.

The migration of intestinal epithelial cells from the crypts to the tips of villi is associated with progressive cell differentiation. The changes in Ca2+-ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+-transport rates in basolateral membranes from rat duodenum were measured during migration along the crypt-villus axis. In addition, vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein and calmodulin content were measured in homogenates of six cell populations which were sequentially derived from villus tip to crypt base. Alkaline phosphatase activity was highest at the tip of the villus (fraction I) and decreased more than 20-fold towards the crypt base (fraction VI). (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity also decreased along the villus-crypt axis but in a less pronounced manner than alkaline phosphatase. ATP-dependent Ca2+-transport in basolateral membranes was highest in fraction II (8.2 +/- 0.3 nmol Ca2+/min per mg protein) and decreased slightly towards the villus tip and base (fraction V). The youngest cells in the crypt had the lowest Ca2+-transport activity (0.9 +/- 0.1 nmol Ca2+/min per mg protein). The distribution of high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity in basolateral membranes correlated with the distribution of ATP-dependent Ca2+-transport. The activity of Na+/Ca2+ exchange was equal in villus and crypt basolateral membranes. Compared to the ATP-dependent Ca2+-transport system, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is of minor importance in villus cells but may play a more significant role in crypt cells. Calcium-binding protein decreased from mid-villus towards the villus base and was undetectable in crypt cells. Calmodulin levels were equal along the villus-crypt axis. It is concluded that vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption takes primarily place in villus cells of rat duodenum.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗