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Biomedical subjects

C Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to C Robinson.

516 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Intra-oral fluoride retention 3 minutes after fluoride mouthrinsing in 4- to 5-year-old children: effects of fluoride concentration and rinsing time.

This study was undertaken to explore the site-specific retention rate and the possibility of shortening fluoride (F) mouthrinsing time of kindergarten children. Fluoride retention after 10-, 20- and 30-second mouthrinsing was determined in 43 kindergarten children aged 4-5 years. Tooth surfaces were sampled by a paper point method. Fluoride concentrations in the salivary film on tooth surfaces increased from primary molars to primary incisors in the maxilla and decreased from primary molars to primary incisors in the mandible. The fluoride solution reached the primary molars even after a 10-second rinse, but F concentrations were higher after 20 s than after 10 s and significantly higher after 30 s than after 10 s. No significant difference was observed between 20 and 30 s. The average total F retained in the mouth was 0.13 mg after 20 s and 0.17 mg after 30 s. It was concluded that 30-second mouthrinsing, which is used extensively in Japanese kindergartens, can be shortened to 20 s.

Analysis of Variance↗
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Arrest and control of carious lesions: a study based on preliminary experiments with resorcinol-formaldehyde resin.

An experimental investigation has been made into the possibilities of retarding the progress of carious attack by infiltrating cariostatic material into enamel lesions. The problems associated with this kind of procedure are discussed against the background of experimental observations made using a formulation based on a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of an HIV/AIDS continuing education program.

An HIV/AIDS education model was implemented for rural nurses as a demonstration project in Georgia. The overall goal of the project was to increase the quality of and access to HIV/AIDS-specific services in rural communities. Public health and community nurses were the focus of this effort due to their current roles in providing health care to rural and underserved populations and their potential for networking across health care and social services agencies to form an HIV/AIDS response network. One hundred and seventy-five nurses completed the program. Program evaluations revealed that, after completing the HIV/AIDS course, participants' professional preparedness, attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS, and knowledge had improved. Consistently, participants' scores in each of these areas increased from the pretest to the posttest. Additionally, nurses participating in the program reported in a follow-up survey that they felt better prepared to care for people with HIV/AIDS. While there is a need for further HIV/AIDS education in rural communities, results of the program support its potential use as a model for other rural communities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enamel protein in smooth hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) remains a poorly understood group of hereditary enamel defects characterized by a wide array of clinical presentations. Although numerous reports have described the histological features of AI, knowledge concerning the biochemical composition of the affected enamel remains minimal. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the protein of smooth hypoplastic AI enamel. Exfoliated primary teeth were obtained from an individual with smooth hypoplastic AI together with exfoliated teeth from normal healthy individuals for controls. Enamel was dissected from the AI and control teeth to determine protein content and amino acid profile. The analyses showed that the hypoplastic AI teeth contained 2% protein, compared with 0.3% in normal primary enamel. The protein content of the hypoplastic AI enamel was similar to that reported for the late maturation stage of normal primary enamel. The amino acid profiles of both normal and AI enamel were similar although there appeared to be increased amounts of glycine in the AI enamel. Hypoplastic AI enamel showed an amino acid profile similar to normal mature primary enamel in contrast to hypomaturation AI that exhibits an amelogenin-like character. The amount of retained protein also was different from that reported for hypomaturation AI enamel which contains approximately 5% protein compared with the 2% seen in hypoplastic AI enamel. This study emphasizes the potential usefulness of protein characterization in delineating different AI types and illustrates how this information may lead to an understanding of the developmental defects responsible for producing abnormal enamel.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Foster care drift: a risk-assessment matrix.

Category I and II families are qualitatively different from families who can be reunited after a short period of service. This matrix attempts to further our efforts at differential diagnosis and case planning early in service delivery. Parents must not be denied the chance to succeed in reversing problems that put their children at risk. Children must not be made to suffer the effects of foster care drift, however, while their parents continually fail to meet their needs. Front-loading of services and early determination of the parents' willingness and/or ability to change protect children's right to a permanent and stable home.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis and management of malacoplakia.

A case of malacoplakia of the colon and retroperitoneum is presented. The diagnosis was made by both endoscopic biopsy and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The response to therapy was monitored by sequential FNAB. The initial biopsy revealed large numbers of bacilli within the histiocytes; these bacilli were markedly reduced in number during successful therapy but reappeared in large numbers when the disease relapsed. It is suggested that FNAB may play a role in both the diagnosis and management of patients with malacoplakia.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mineral composition and enamel ultrastructure of hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta.

Hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta is characterized clinically by a yellow-brown colored enamel that is prone to severe attrition, often leading to rapid destruction of the crown. While the enamel is thought to be poorly mineralized few studies have evaluated the mineral content, or the histological or microradiographic features of this specific AI type. The purpose of this investigation was to examine teeth affected with autosomal dominant hypocalcified AI histologically using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and to evaluate the degree of enamel mineralization chemically and with microradiography. Four AI teeth were obtained from an affected individual for comparison with age-matched teeth from normal healthy individuals. Thin sections approximately 100 microns were cut with a diamond disc for examination by LM and microradiography. Using SEM, fractured enamel samples were examined either untreated or after removal of organic material using NaOCl or urea. Normal and AI enamel particles were dissected from thin sections to evaluate the mineral per volume and carbonate content. The enamel was not uniformly affected in all areas of the teeth with the lingual surfaces of the mandibular central incisors appearing clinically and histologically normal. The affected enamel was porous and appeared opaque with LM. Both SEM and LM showed the enamel to be prismatic with relatively normal prism morphology. However, the enamel crystallites were rough and granular compared with those of normal enamel. Extraction to remove organic material did not change the appearance of the crystallites indicating their granular appearance was due to mineral and not residual organic material such as enamel protein. Microradiography showed the enamel was less radiodense and therefore poorly mineralized compared with normal enamel. This was confirmed by chemical determination of the mineral per volume, which showed some areas of the AI enamel had as much as 30% less mineral compared with normal enamel. The carbonate content was found to be similar in AI and normal enamel. Hypocalcified AI is associated with decreased mineralization as well as ultrastructural defects in the crystallite structure. The combined histological and biochemical features of hypocalcified AI seen in this investigation indicate that this AI type is distinctly different from the hypoplastic and hypomaturation AI types.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of leadership skills needed for state and territorial health officers, United States, 1988.

As part of efforts to develop training and career development experiences to enhance leadership skills among public health officials, the Public Health Foundation, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, National Association of County Health Officials, United States Conference of Local Health Officers, and Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, conducted a training needs assessment survey in 1988. Fifty-five State and territorial health officers were asked about potential knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that a prospective or new health officer might require in performing his or her job. Thirty-eight health officers returned completed questionnaires, a 69 percent response rate. For each KSA, respondents assigned scores from 1 (low) to 5 (high) to three different variables: the KSA's importance to job, as an initial ability of a new health officer, and as a desired ability for someone in that job. Of 78 KSAs, those scoring in the top 25 percent for importance to job were identified, and individual composite scores were calculated using the formula: (importance to job) x (desired ability minus initial ability). The top 10 mean composite scores ranged from 7.55 to 10.40 and were in five competence areas: public image (working with the community) (3 KSAs); policy development and program planning (3 KSAs); interpersonal skills (2 KSAs); agency management (1 KSA); and legal issues (1 KSA). These skills are not commonly acquired in schools of medicine or public health. Public health agencies should develop programs to assure that persons with leadership potential are identified early and given guided experiences and mentors, as well as specific training and education. Additional studies of public health officers are needed to develop and strengthen leadership KSAs among new health officers.

Administrative Personnel↗