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Biomedical subjects

C Richard

Publications and source records attributed to C Richard.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Enterococcal bacteremia in a medical intensive care unit.

We reviewed retrospectively from 1982 through 1984 35 cases of enterococcal bacteremia in a medical ICU. Of these, 27 patients acquired nosocomial infections; their mean previous hospital stay was 17 +/- 4 days. Thirteen had a serious debilitating disease; 20 received previous antibiotic therapy. The infection focus was not found in 16 patients. The deaths of nine patients were related directly to enterococcal bacteremia. Mortality was significantly lower in patients with nosocomial infections, with appropriate antibiotic therapy just after the start of the infection, without debilitation, and when the infection focus was discovered. In a medical ICU, some patients appear to be particularly predisposed to enterococcal bacteremia. When these patients develop a serious infection without obvious source, an appropriate antibiotic therapy for Enterococcus should be promptly initiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation versus intensification chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukaemia in first remission: a prospective controlled trial.

In 1982 we began a prospective controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and intensive post-remission chemotherapy for patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia in first complete remission. Fourteen patients, 3-45 years of age, who had an HLA-identical sibling donor, received bone marrow transplantation. Twenty-five patients who either lacked an HLA-identical sibling or were over 45 years of age received intensive consolidation chemotherapy including high-dose cytosine arabinoside with or without adriamycin. The actuarial rate of continued complete remission (CCR) at 3 years was significantly higher in the transplantation group than in the chemotherapy group: 70% (95% confidence interval 35-91%) compared with 10% (95% confidence interval 2-30%); P = 0.01. However, the actuarial rate of CCR was not significantly different between the transplantation group and patients under 45 years in the chemotherapy group: 70% (95% confidence interval 35-91%) compared with 17% (95% confidence interval 4-45%), 0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05. The actuarial probability of leukaemia relapse was significantly lower in the transplantation group than in the chemotherapy group: 10% (95% confidence interval 4-21%) compared with 88% (95% confidence interval 70-96%), 0.005 greater than P greater than 0.001. There was no significant difference between both groups if we compare only the patients who died of non-leukaemic causes: 22% (95% confidence interval 9-42%) versus 25% (95% confidence interval 7-59%), P = NS. In summary, this study shows that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a better anti-leukaemic treatment than is intensive consolidation chemotherapy in patients with AML in first complete remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels in differentiated neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells: characterization by quin 2 fluorescence.

Depolarization of differentiated neuroblastoma X glioma (NG108-15) cells with KCl (50 mM) or veratridine (50 microM) stimulated Ca2+ accumulation, was detected by quin 2 fluorescence. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were elevated about threefold from 159 +/- 7 to 595 +/- 52 nM (n = 12). Ca2+ entry evoked by high extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) was voltage-dependent and enhanced by the dihydropyridine agonists, BAY K 8644 and CGP 28 392, in a dose-dependent manner. CGP 28 392 was less potent and less efficacious than BAY K 8644. The (+) and (-) stereoisomers of 202-791 showed agonist and antagonist properties, respectively. (+)-202-791 was less potent, but as efficacious as BAY K 8644. In the absence of KCl, BAY K 8644 had no effect on Ca2+ entry. Voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) activity was blocked by organic Ca2+ channel antagonists (nanomolar range) both before and after KCl treatment and also by divalent metal cations (micromolar range). High [K+]o-induced Ca2+ accumulation was dependent on external Ca2+, but not on external Na+ ions ([Na]o), and was insensitive to both tetrodotoxin (3 microM) and tetraethylammonium (10 microM). In contrast, veratridine-induced Ca2+ accumulation required [Na+]o, and was blocked by tetrodotoxin, but not by nimodipine (1 microM). Veratridine-induced Ca2+ accumulation was slower (approximately 45 s), smaller in magnitude (approximately 30% of [K+]o-induced Ca2+ entry), and also enhanced by BAY K 8644 (approximately 50%). VSCC were identified in neuronal hybrid (NG108-15 and NCB-20) cells, but not in glial (C6BU-1), renal epithelial (MDCK), and human astrocytoma (1321N1) cells. NG108-15 cells differentiated with 1.0 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP showed greater VSCC activity than undifferentiated cultures. These results suggest that cultured neural cells provide a useful system to study Ca2+ regulation via ion channels.

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1988

Osteoarticular amyloidosis associated with haemodialysis: an immunoultrastructural study.

Osteoarticular amyloidosis occurred in a patient receiving long term haemodialysis. Histological examination showed that the amyloid deposit was surrounded by inflammatory cells and macrophages filled with haemosiderin. Electron microscopy showed that the amyloid fibrils were in close contact with cytoplasmic expansions, or located in intracytoplasmic pockets of the infiltrating cells. Immunohistological and immunoultrastructural observations confirmed that beta 2-microglobulin was a major constituent of amyloidosis associated with dialysis. Amyloid P component was also detected within the amyloid deposits. These findings suggest that amyloid P component, iron overload, or macrophage derived factors could have a role in the polymerisation of beta 2-microglobulin into amyloid deposit.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1988

Peripheral haemodynamic effects of perindopril compared in patients with congestive heart failure and in normal volunteers.

The effects of perindopril, 4 mg orally, on brachial artery blood flow and diameter (pulsed Doppler) and on forearm vascular resistance were investigated and compared in six normal subjects and 10 congestive heart failure patients (New York Heart Association class III or IV). Pre-drug values of brachial artery blood flow and diameter were significantly lower in patients with congestive heart failure than in normal subjects, the reverse being true for forearm vascular resistance. In normal subjects perindopril increased brachial artery blood flow and decreased forearm vascular resistance, while in patients with congestive heart failure the same effects were observed but they were more pronounced and brachial artery diameter was increased. In patients with congestive heart failure, when perindopril effects were maximal, brachial artery blood flow remained below the baseline values of normal subjects but brachial artery diameter was normalized. Finally, there was a correlation between the drug-induced decrease in forearm vascular resistance and basal plasma noradrenaline values in all subjects taken together. These results indicate that: (1) the renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in vasoconstriction in patients with congestive heart failure; (2) this vasoconstriction affects both large arteries and arterioles; (3) perindopril is able to considerably improve peripheral haemodynamics in congestive heart failure; and (4) this improvement is linked to the initial sympathetic tone.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Enterobacteriaceae: genera and species in 1988].

Numerical taxonomy, G + C content determination, DNA-DNA reassociation studies and divergence values delta tm) elicit considerable proliferation in the number of genera and species in recent years. Until 1988 Enterobacteriaceae contain 30 genera and 99 species which can be identified by biochemical tests. Only 20-25 species of Enterobacteriaceae family are of real importance in medical microbiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The aerobic intestinal flora of the microchiropteran bat Chaerephon pumila in Madagascar].

From stools of 88 malagasy insect eater bats Chaerephon pumila, a large amount of bacterial strains were isolated. Twenty different species were recognized, most of them belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family. Eight strains were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica O48: -; 1.5, despite many atypical characters. Strains of Salmonella enteritidis, Koserella trabulsii, Kluyvera sp., ODC negative Serratia marcescens, atypical Hafnia alvei... were also identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Calcium mobilization by muscarinic receptors in human astrocytoma cells: measurements with quin 2.

Activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors on 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells leads to Ca2+ mobilization as measured by quin 2 fluorescence. Acetylcholine and methacholine were full and potent agonists, while carbachol and muscarine, were fully efficacious but 6- and 10-fold less potent than acetylcholine. The carbachol-induced Ca2+ response was also observed in absence of extracellular Ca2+ and was blocked by muscarinic receptor antagonists but not by organic Ca2+ channel blockers, tetrodotoxin (TTX), tetraethylammonium (TEA) or metal cations, suggesting that Ca2+ is mobilized from intracellular storage sites rather than through plasma membrane ion channels. Muscarinic receptor-mediated Ca2+ release was also detected in kidney epithelial cells but not in rat fibroblasts, glial cells or differentiated neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1987

Microheterogeneity of agonist and antagonist glucocorticoid receptor complexes detected by isoelectric focusing and modifications induced by receptor activation.

Rat-liver glucocorticoid receptor was incubated with either [3H]triamcinolone acetonide or [3H]RU 486, a well known antiglucocorticoid. Once formed, the steroid-receptor complexes were analyzed by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel slabs. A careful slicing of the receptor tracks revealed the presence of three distinct radioactive peaks focused at the following pI values: 5.3 +/- 0.2 (n = 17) and 4.4 +/- 0.1 (n = 17). All these peaks correspond with receptor isoforms as suggested by control experiments. The receptor state was analyzed after focusing by a chromatographic assay on DNA-cellulose, DEAE-trisacryl and hydroxyapatite minicolumns. The peak of pI 4.4 apparently corresponded to the non-transformed receptor and was greatly stabilized in the presence of RU 486, whereas the peaks of pI 4.8 and 5.3 were probably made of transformed receptor and meroreceptor. These results were confirmed by autoradiographic studies after isoelectric focusing of receptor molecules covalently labelled with [3H]dexamethasone mesylate. Thus, the rat-liver glucocorticoid receptor appeared to be a rather acidic protein which became less acidic after transformation by heat, displaying a pI shift which was strongly reduced in case of steroid-receptor complexes formed with the antiglucocorticoid RU 486.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Co-infection or early superinfection of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Two cases of co-infection or very early superinfection of pneumococcal pneumonia with Staphylococcus aureus in one case, and Enterobacter cloacae in the other, are reported. The two patients were not fully immunocompetent, had leukopenia and a mild intravascular coagulation, and were bacteremic. Mixed infection probably accounted for the lethal outcome because initial antibiotherapy was only directed against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Accurate bacteriologic methods are required to delineate contaminating and infecting pathogens when another bacteria is found in initial bronchial samples of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, and the antibiotherapy might be directed against the two pathogens until quantitative bacteriologic results would be available, especially in old and debilitated patients. The incidence of mixed infection in pneumococcal pneumonia seems low.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Shoshin beriberi.

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Beriberi↗