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Biomedical subjects

C R Valeri

Publications and source records attributed to C R Valeri.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Simplification of the methods for adding and removing glycerol during freeze-preservation of human red blood cells with the high or low glycerol methods: biochemical modification prior to freezing.

Simple methods have been developed for adding and removing glycerol during freeze-preservation with 20 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 150 C, or with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C. A one-step method with a 35 per cent W/V glycerol solution is used to prepare 20 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells, and a two-step method with a 57 per cent W/V glycerol solution is used to prepare 40 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells. The systems for washing glycerolized red blood cells have been simplified. This method consists of dilution of the thawed glycerolized red blood cells prior to recovery, followed by on-line dilution of these red blood cells with wash solutions during continuous flow centrifugation. This can be done in any of three commercially available washing systems, and they all use the same sodium chloride solutions. For the 40 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells, this process takes about 30 minutes and uses 2.2 to 3.2 liters of the sodium chloride solutions, whereas the 20 per cent W/V glycerolized red blood cells can be processed in about 20 minutes using 1.5 to 2.5 liters. After storage in CPD for three days at 4 C, red blood cells can be freeze-preserved with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C or with 20 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 150 C. When the thawed red blood cells are washed in the Fenwal Elutramatic, the IBM Blood Processor, or the Haemonetics Blood Processor and stored at 4 C in sodium chloride-glucose-phosphate for at least 24 hours before transfusion, they have excellent posttransfusion survival values and normal or slightly decreased oxygen transport function. Alternatively, these red blood cells can be rejuvenated before freeze-preservation so that their 2,3-DPG levels are increased and their affinity for oxygen is reduced. Red blood cells that are stored in CPD at 4 C for as long as 28 days can be rejuvenated with a solution containing pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine (PIGPA, Solution A) before freeze-preservation with 40 per cent W/V glycerol at minus 80 C. Any one of the above systems can be used to wash these red blood cells and they can be stored at 4 C in a sodium.

Adenine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of methods to wash liquid-stored red blood cells and red blood cells frozen with high or low concentrations of glycerol.

The efficiency of washing liquid-stored red blood cells and red blood cells frozen with high or low glycerol concentrations was evaluated by measuring the recovery of red blood cells in vitro, supernatant hemoglobin, extracellular potassium and red blood cell potassium levels, supernatant osmolality, residual 125I albumin, glycerol, hypoxanthine, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) levels. Four commercial washing systems were studied, three which used sodium chloride solutions with serial or continuous-flow centrifugation and one which used sugar solutions and dilution/agglomeration. Washing was most efficient using sodium chloride solutions in the IBM Blood Processor, an automated serial centrifugation procedure and in the Fenwal Elutramatic, a continuous-flow centrifugation procedure. Less efficient washing was achieved in the Haemonetics Processor 15, a continuous-flow centrifugation procedure and the least efficient washing occurred using the original and modified dilution/agglomeration procedures. To achieve the most efficient washing, three principles must be utilized: concentration of the red blood cells to hematocrit values of 90 per cent, prior to washing or freezing. Liquid-stored red blood cells concentrated to hematocrit values of 90V per cent should be diluted with hypertonic sodium chloride solutions prior to recovery and washing. Red blood cells containing 20 per cent or 40 per cent W/V glycerol should be diluted with hypertonic sodium chloride solutions before recovery and washing. Finally, on-line dilution should be achieved in the washing systems that use continuous-flow centrifugation.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Removal of HBSAg from blood in vitro. I. Effects of washing alone, glycerol addition and removal, and glycerolization, freezing, and washing.

Red blood cells from HBSAg-positive blood were washed in the Fenwal Elutramatic, Haemonetics Processor 15, or the IBM Blood Processor with sodium chloride solutions, or in the Huggins Cytoglomerator with sugar solutions. The Fenwal Elutramatic and IBM Blood Processor were the most efficient washing systems, the Haemonetics Processor 15 was less efficient, and the Huggins Cytoglomerator was the least efficient in removing the HBSAg. Washing to remove the HBSAg from red blood cells containing 40 per cent W/V glycerol in an ionic medium was more efficient than washing HBSAg from liquid-stored red blood cells or red blood cells containing 20 per cent W/V glycerol. The original and modified dilution/agglomeration wash cycles used in the Huggins Cytoglomerator were not able to remove the HBSAg from units of blood that were radioimmune assay (RIA) positive and counterelectrophoresis (CEP) negative. Freezing had no effect on the removal of the HBSAg in vitro, whereas the concentration of 40 per cent W/V glycerol in the red blood cells that were washed did. HBSAg was not found in the amorphous debris remaining in the polycarbonate disposable bowl used in the Haemonetics Processor 15 or in the microaggregates remaining in washed red blood cells.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The purification of red cells for transfusion by freeze-preservation and washing. V. Red cell recovery and residual leukocytes after freeze-preservation with high concentrations of glycerol and washing in various systems.

Red blood cells freeze-preserved with 40% W/V glycerol in an ionic or low ionic medium at -80 C were washed in one of four commercially available systems: the Haemonetics Blood Processor 15 using a continuous-flow centrifugation procedure, the Fenwal Elutramatic using a continuous-flow centrifugation procedure, the IBM Blood Processor using an automated serial centrifugation procedure, and the Huggins Cytoglomerator using a dilution/agglomeration procedure. Determinations of red blood cell recovery and leukocyte and platelet removal were made for each of these groups. The dilution/agglomeration procedure produced lower red blood cell recovery values and poorer leukocyte and platelet removal than did any of the three wash systems using sodium chloride solutions. The values obtained with the systems using sodium chloride solutions were slightly but significantly different.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Viability and function of platelets frozen at 2 to 3 C per minute with 4 or 5 per cent DMSO and stored at -80 C for 8 months.

Each of 15 healthy male volunteers was treated with 650 mg of aspirin 24 hours before the autologous transfusion of one unit of freeze-preserved platelets. Freeze-thaw-wash recovery values in vitro, viability and function in vivo, and the bleeding time and platelet aggregation response were measured. The platelets were frozen with 4 or 5 per cent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at an overall rate of 2 to 3 C per minute and were stored at -80 C in a mechanical freezer for up to eight months. They were washed by dilution/centrifugation. The mean recovery in vitro of platelets frozen with 4 per cent DMSO was 76+/-16%; the value was 64+/-16% for platelets frozen with 5% DMSO. The mean in vivo 51Cr recovery of autologous platelets frozen with 4% DMSO was 34+/-6%, and for platelets frozen with 5% DMSO it was 33+/-7%. In both groups the platelet lifespan was normal. There was a significant reduction in bleeding time after the transfusion of a single unit of autologous platelets preserved with either 4 or 5% DMSO, but no improvement in the aspirin-induced platelet aggregation pattern.

Aspirin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro function of granulocytes isolated from blood of normal volunteers using continuous-flow centrifugation in the IBM-aminco celltrifuge and adhesion-filtration leukapheresis using nylon fiber.

Granulocytes were harvested from each of five healthy male volunteers once by continuous flow centrifugation with the IBM-Aminco Celltrifuge, and once by adhesion filtration leukapheresis with nylon fiber. Granulocyte recovery and purity were significantly better with the filtration leukapheresis system than with continuous flow centrifugation. Measurements of trypan blue dye exclusion and muramidase activity were similar to those in control granulocytes regardless of the method of isolation. Granulocyte-stimulated oxygen consumption was diminished in granulocytes prepared by the adhesion filtration method, but normal in those prepared by continuous flow centrifugation with the IBM-Aminco Celltrifuge.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxygen consumption, platelet aggregation and release reactions in platelets freeze-preserved with dimethylsulfoxide.

Platelets were frozen with 4% or 5% DMSO at an overall rate of 2 to 3 C per minute and were stored at -80 C for as long as 10 months. They were washed with DMSO-plasma and acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) solutions and were stored in 30 ml of autologous plasma at room temperature for about three hours before transfusion. Measurements were made of oxygen consumption, platelet aggregation and release reaction, platelet factor-3 and-4 activities, and platelet response to hypotonic stress. Platelet basal and latex stimulated oxygen consumption were found to be significantly impaired; platelet aggregation response to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen were decreased; platelet ATP and ADP content and release reactions were decreased; platelet antiheparin activity (platelet factor-4 level) was decreased; and the platelet response to hypotonic stress was impaired. What the results of these in vitro tests mean in relation to in vivo survival and hemostatic function of preserved platelets was not established.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preservation of human granulocytes. III. Liquid preservation studied by electronic sizing.

Human granulocytes were isolated from blood either by counterflow centrifugation in a Beckman JE-6 rotor or by sedimentation of the red blood cells with dextran and centrifugation of the granulocyte-rich plasma. The stability of the granulocytes was assessed during storage in the liquid state by measurements of granulocyte loss, volume distribution characteristics, and ability to produce fluorescein in their cytoplasm and to exclude ethidium bromide from their nuclei. After storage at 4 C for 2 days in phosphate-buffered saline with a pH of 7.1 containing 5 g/dl human albumin + 0.46 g/dl dextrose or 1 g/dl Physiogel + 0.46 g/dl dextrose, the granulocytes were adequately preserved from the in vitro measurements.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The immunocompetence of residual lymphocytes at various stages of red cell cryopreservation with 40% w/v glycerol in an ionic medium at -80 C.

Potentially immunocompetent cells have been found in washed liquid-stored red blood cells, in washed liquid-stored red blood cells to which a 40% W/V glycerol concentration was added, and in washed red blood cells freeze-preserved with 40% W/V glycerol at -80 C. A glycerol concentration of 40% W/V in an ionic medium, in addition to its cryoprotective effect on red blood cells, has a damaging effect on leukocytes. The freeze-thaw-wash process appears to produce the most damage to leukocytes and the remaining lymphocytes can be categorized into two groups: one that is capable of responding to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and one that is not. Our study confirmed the presence of PHA-responsive lymphocytes in red blood cells freeze-preserved with 40% W/V glycerol in an ionic medium at -80 C. Although the relative proportions of these cells were variable and the results of the study somewhat erratic, we continue to recommend that liquid-preserved and freeze-preserved red blood cells be irradiated before transfusion to patients in whom graft-versus-host disease is a possible complication.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stability of neutrophil-releasing activity of plasma obtained from leukapheresed rats and stored at 4 C.

When granulocyte-donor rats were treated prior to pheresis with plasma obtained from previously leukapheresed rats (PPP), granulocytosis and a significant increase in granulocyte yield were observed. Previous studies have demonstrated that such plasma stored at -150 C for up to two weeks preserved the neutrophil-releasing activity. This study demonstrates that neutrophil-releasing activity was satisfactorily preserved when plasma from previously leukapheresed rats was stored at 4 C for three weeks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occurrence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, the anti-CMV following the transfusion of blood products.

A retrospective study of the serum of 104 patients treated at Chelsea Naval Hospital between 1969 and 1972 was done. The donor blood products were not tested for the hepatitis B antigen before transfusion. The incidence of hepatitis B antigen following transfusion was about 2.8 per cent. The incidence of antibody to HBsAg prior to transfusion was 16 per cent, and about 27 per cent of the patients developed antibody to HBsAg following transfusion. The incidence of antibody to cytomegalovirus was about 22 per cent before transfusion, and 22 per cent of the patients developed complement fixing antibody against cytomegalovirus after transfusion. Since the patients received a variety of blood products it was not possible to determine retrsopectively which product, if any, produced the lowest incidence of hepatitis B antigen and transmission of cytomegalovirus.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liquid and freeze-preservation of dog red blood cells.

After storage in the liquid state at 4 C for up to three weeks, washing with sodium chloride solutions, and storage in a sodium chloride-glucose-phosphate solution for 24 hours at 4 C, dog red blood cells had excellent post-transfusion survival. After freeze-preservation with 40% W/V glycerol at -80 C or with 20% W/V glycerol at -150 C, thawing, washing with sodium chloride solutions, and storage in a sodium chloride-glucose-phosphate solution for 24 hours at 4 C, dog red blood cells had satisfactory recovery values in vitro, acceptable 24-hour post-transfusion survival and long-term survival values, and normal oxygen transport function. Controlled addition and removal of the cryoprotectant, glycerol, helped reduce the amount of osmotic damage to the red blood cells and enhanced freeze-preservation. Osmotic damage can also be prevented by warming the dog blood to a temperature of 22 +/- 2 C prior to centrifugation to concentrate the red blood cells and remove the plasma. This step enhances removal of the cold agglutinins. Another processing step used by the authors was to add a sodium chloride solution to the dog red blood cells before adding the glycerol solution in order to eliminate rouleaux formation.

Animals↗