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Biomedical subjects

C R Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C R Taylor.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Why big animals?

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Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1976

Immuno-histological observations upon the development of reticulum cell sarcoma in the mouse.

Detailed observations were made of the development of "reticulum cell sarcoma" in four strains of laboratory mice: SJL/J, NZB, PBA and (BALB/C X A)F1 hybrids injected with parental (BALB/C) spleen cells. Morphological evidence of a florid B cell immune response was present in all four strains, and was succeeded by a phase of atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, prior to the appearance of malignant neoplasms in lymph-nodes or spleen. These neoplasms correspond to descriptions of "reticulum cell sarcoma" of the mouse. The demonstration, by immunoperoxidase methods, of immunoglobulin within a proportion of these "malignant reticulum cells" reinforces the opinion, based on the morphological evidence of hyperplasia progressing to neoplasia, that the "reticulum cell sarcoma" of the mouse is B lymphocyte derived.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Waldenström's disease of the jejunum.

A case of Waldenströms macroglobulinaemia with characteristic clinical features was investigated in life and at autopsy. Using immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods it was confirmed that the abnormal clone of cells producing IgM formed a solitary tumour in the jejunum causing partial obstruction. Resection of the tumour led to an improvement in the clinical condition and biochemical measurements.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Evidence for significant hematopoiesis in the human thymus.

Earlier studies on fetal thymus suggested that certain of the large pyroninophilic cells found there might have a hemopoietic role, and it was decided to determine the nature of these cells using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Thymic tissue from aborted fetuses, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths was examined histochemically using methods for the detection of chloroacetate esterase, peroxidase, and pseudoperoxidase, and by staining techniques for mast cells and eosinophils. Tissue was also examined using the indirect immunoperoxidase method for the presence of hemoglobin A (HbA) and F (HbF), for lysozyme (muramidase) and immunoglobins alpha, mu, gamma, kappa, lambda. Positive staining to some degree was seen in cells in the connective tissue stroma using all methods, and the cells stained corresponded to one or another of the types of pyroninophilic cells present. The finding of large cells with positive chloroacetate esterase and antilysozyme indicates the presence of granulopoiesis. Similarly, the presence of large nucleated cells with pseudoperoxidase and anti-hemoglobin (A and F) staining indicates the presence of erythropoiesis. Plasma cells were present in small numbers.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1975

The detection of intracellular antigens in human leucocytes by immunoperoxidase staining.

An immunoperoxidase procedure is described for staining intracellular leucocyte antigens in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. Brief exposure of cell smears to a buffered formol acetone mixture was found to give optimal fixation, combining good cellular morphology with preservation of antigenic reactivity. The immunoperoxidase method is superior to immunofluorescence in that it provides a permanent preparation which can be counterstained with orthodox reagents and viewed by conventional light microscopy. In addition the technique is considerably more sensitive than immunofluorescence procedures. Immunoglobulin was demonstrated in plasma cells, Türk cells and a minority of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lysozyme was found in cells of the neutrophil series from promyelocytes to mature granulocytes. Monocytes stained for lysozyme but the reaction was less intense than in neutrophils and some monocytes were devoid of activity. Lactoferrin stained strongly in mature neutrophil polymorphs and metamyelocytes, but was weak or absent in earlier myeloid cells. These reaction patterns are in keeping with previous reports on the distribution of these antigens in human leucocytes. In the case of immunoglobulin and lysozyme it was possible to abolish leucocyte staining by incubation of the specific antisera with the appropriate purified antigen, providing additional proof of the specificity of the reactions. Anti-ferritin antisera stained granulocytes and myeloid precursors strongly, and reached weakly with a minority of monocytes. These latter observations are not entirely in accordance with published data on the leucocyte distribution of ferritin and may be attributed to antibody activity of unknown specificity in the anti-ferritin antiserum.

Antigens↗
PubMed1975

The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in human tissues.

The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in normal and pathological human tissues has been studied, using an immunohistological technique. The enzyme was demonstrated in a variety of healthy tissues, including serous salivary acinar cells, lactating mammary tissue, Paneth cells, renal tubular cells, myeloid cells (including eosinophils), and histiocytic cells. In pathological tissues the most striking positivity was encountered in reactive histiocytic cells in granulomatous conditions such as tuberculosis and Crohn's disease. The finding of this study are related to previous reports of the distribution of human and animal muramidase and the implications of patterns of muramidase staining in pathological histiocytes are briefly discussed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1975

Effect of human lysozyme (muramidase) on potassium handling by the perfused rat kidney. A mechanism for renal damage in human monocytic leukaemia.

Purified human lysozyme (muramidase) stimulated potassium excretion by the isolated perfused rat kidney. Lysozyme is filtered and reabsorbed, without a tubular maximum. Over 90% of lysozyme filtered is retained within the kidney; 50% was recovered by enzymic assay and histologically localized to the proximal tubular cells. Hypokalaemia seen in some patients with myelomonocytic leukaemia may be directly attributed to an elevated circulating lysozyme level.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Sweating on paws and palms: what is its function?

Man sweats on his palms and the soles of his feet in response to stress and exercise, but not in response to heat. Several functions have been proposed for this type of sweating: increasing friction between skin and substrate; increasing the toughness of the skin; and increasing tactile sensitivity. This study uses a comparative approach to evaluate the role of footpad sweating on increasing friction, utilizing a variety of mammals which possess sweat glands on their footpads (rat, tenrec, hyrax, and dog). We found that all of these animals sweat on their paws while running. Blocking this sweating with atropine sulfate dramatically decreased the coefficient of static friction between the paw and the tread of an inclined treadmill. A similar dose of atropine sulfate had no effect on the coefficient of static friction in a rabbit, and animal that possesses no sweat glands on its paws. We conclude that an important function of this type of sweating is to help prevent slipping between the paw and sthe substrate during running or climbing, and we postulate that the sweating observed in response to stress may play an important role in preparing an animal for fleeing from stressful situations.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Scaling stride frequency and gait to animal size: mice to horses.

The stride frequency at which animals of different size change from one gait to another (walk, trot, gallop) changes in a regular manner with body mass. The speed at the transition from trot to gallop can be used as an equivalent speed for comparing animals of different size. This transition point occurs at lower speeds and higher stride frequencies in smaller animals. Plotting stride frequency at the trot-gallop transition point as a function of body mass in logarithmic coordinates yields a straight line.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

The demonstration of plasma cells and other immunoglobulin-containing cells in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using peroxidase-labelled antibody.

A method is described for the demonstration of specific immunoglobulin in plasma cells and other lymphoid cells in sections taken from routine surgical histology specimens which have been formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. An indirect sandwich technique was employed using specific rabbit antihuman immunoglobulin antisera (anti-K, L, G, A, and M) and a swine antirabbit serum Ig G, conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The presence of plasma cells was revealed by staining the tissue-bound peroxidase-labelled antibody, having previously stained the endogenous peroxidase a contrasting colour. It was possible to demonstrate clearly immunoglobulin in the plasma cells of tissues processed and embedded several years previously. Some of the potential uses of the method are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

Intracellular immunoglobulins. A comparative study on three standard tissue processing methods using horseradish peroxidase and fluorochrome conjugates.

Formalin fixation followed by routine paraffin embedding allows the demonstration of intracellular immunoglobulin by a sandwich technique using either peroxidase or fluorescein isothyocyanate labelled antibody conjugates. The results compared favourably with those obtained using either the fresh frozen or the Sainte-Marie method for preserving tissue immunoglobulins. The formalin-paraffin method with peroxidase-labelled antibody has advantages for routine use. Morphology is excellent, preparations are permanent, and retrospective studies of stored paraffin-embedded tissue are possible. Some of the problems of labelled antibody studies are discussed.

Animals↗