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Biomedical subjects

C R Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to C R Taylor.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

An immunohistochemical study of hemoglobin A, hemoglobin F, muramidase, and transferrin in erythroid hyperplasia and neoplasia.

The bone marrow biopsy specimens of 35 patients with benign and malignant erythroid hyperplasias were examined for the presence of hemoglobin A, hemoglobin F, muramidase (lysozyme), and transferrin, using an indirect immunoperoxidase method (PAP) on Zenker's-fixed paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens and particles. Five cases of each of the following entities were studied: erythroleukemia and erythremic myelosis, acute granulocytic leukemia with maturation (FAB M2), polycythemia rubra vera, myeloproliferative syndrome in childhood, megaloblastic anemia (B12 and folate deficiency), erythroid hyperplasia (regenerating bone marrow and hemolytic anemia), and Ph' chromosome positive chronic granulocytic leukemia. Hemoglobin A was present in both the early and late erythroid precursors in all conditions. Hemoglobin F was the predominant hemoglobin in early erythroblasts of pernicious anemia and in both early and late erythroid elements in erythroleukemia and erythremic myelosis. Small quantities of hemoglobin F were present in a few isolated clusters in other conditions. Staining for hemoglobin F may be useful in identifying immature erythroid precursors and in distinguishing some cases of dysplastic erythroid hyperplasia from neoplasia. Additionally, these findings suggest that the maturational switch in hemoglobin synthesis operates with distinct pathways under different conditions.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1983

Immunohistochemical characterization of reactive and neoplastic mast cells.

Mast cells are connective tissue elements likened to unicellular endocrine organs because of the wide diversity of physiologic and pathologic events associated with the secretion of biologically active compounds. Using an immunoperoxidase method (PAP), we studied tissue from patients with benign and malignant systemic mastocytosis and with a variety of reactive conditions. The following immunoreactive antigens were identified in mast cells: a heparinlike compound or compounds (HLC), prostaglandin, serotonin, and fibronectin. HLC is constantly present, staining mast cells in a granular fashion from most lesions. Serotonin and prostaglandin stain in a diffuse cytoplasmic manner in occasional lesions. Fibronectin is found in a surface location in selected cases. We found no clear association between the immunoreactivity of one compound in mast cells and one clinical symptom, e.g., HCL with bleeding, prostaglandin, or serotonin with systemic vasomotor activity or fibronectin with increased tissue fibrosis. However, patients with localized and systemic disease had symptoms that might have been attributed to more than one compound. Only occasional patients with reactive conditions showed such symptoms. The presence of these compounds, either alone or in combination, did not separate benign from malignant conditions. Other cells within selected tissues also stained with the antibodies tested. Despite the lack of exclusivity, these antibodies are useful in identifying mast cells within tissue sections and may have a role in the study of mast cell constituents.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Demonstration of a subpopulation of Ia+ T-helper cells in mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome.

This is a report of the finding of a T-cell subpopulation bearing T-helper cells and Ia antigens in specimens of skin from patients with mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome. Frozen sections of skin tissue from eight patients examined with monoclonal antibodies against mature T-cells, helper T-cells, suppressor T-cells, and Ia antigens exhibited similar staining patterns by a modified immunoperoxidase method. Antibodies against mature T-cells and helper T-cells stained 70-80% of the lymphocytes in the dermis. The antibody defining the phenotype of suppressor T-cells labelled 5-10% of the lymphocytes scattered throughout the lesions. Eighty to 90% of the lymphocytes took the stain for Ia antigen. Anti-thymocyte antibody (OKT6) stained cells in both the epidermis and dermis of the specimens. Of nonmalignant conditions examined, lesions from five cases of lichen planus exhibited a quantitatively different staining pattern than that of mycosis fungoides in that the number of T-helper cells was about equal to the number of T-suppressor cells. The findings reported are evidence for a homogeneous population of T-helper, Ia-positive lymphocytes in the cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides and the Sézary syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunoperoxidase techniques applied to dermatopathology.

Immunoperoxidase techniques provide the pathologist with the capability for staining a wide range of antigens in tissue sections. More than 100 different antigens have been successfully demonstrated in fixed paraffin sections; other antigens can only be visualized in frozen sections. This latter group particularly includes lymphocyte surface antigens detectable by monoclonal antibodies. This review describes the current state of the art and provides several illustrations of the use of monoclonal antibodies for the identification of T-lymphocyte phenotypes in frozen section from cases of leprosy, mycosis fungoides, halo nevus, Kaposi's sarcoma, lichen planus and atopic dermatitis. Technical details and potential applications are discussed. The growing availability of commercial immunostaining kits makes these techniques more accessible to the surgical pathologist; indeed a whole new range of truly specific, special stains are available, as pathologists we must simply learn to use them.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Methodological problems in clinical radiology research: pituitary microadenoma detection as a paradigm.

Forty papers on the radiologic detection of pituitary microadenomas were reviewed and used as the basis for a discussion of the sometimes tentative nature of published results in clinical research. Early articles on the radiologic evaluation of pituitary microadenomas, reporting favorable results with special plain film and polytomographic techniques, altered traditional examination patterns and led to surgical exploration of some patients. Later radiographic and pathologic studies revealed flaws in the specificity of the original proposed criteria, resulting in a decline in the use of the new routines. The authors warn that the methodologic pitfalls that accompanied the rise and subsequent fall in popularity of plain radiography techniques could be repeated when computed tomography comes into more widespread use in the diagnosis of this entity.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Metabolism of rats running up and down an incline.

The purpose of these experiments was to determine oxygen consumption (VO2) in rats as a function of treadmill speed (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 m . min-1) as they ran on the level and up and down a 16 degree (17.8%) incline. The slopes of the regression lines relating VO2 (ml O2 . kg-1 . min-1) to running speed (m . min-1) were linear for all three inclines. The regression slope for uphill runners (y = 1.25x + 47.7) was greater than the regression slopes for level (y = 0.88x + 41.2) (P less than 0.025) or downhill (y = 0.68x + 39.7) (P less than 0.005) runners, and the regression slope for level runners was greater than that for downhill runners (P less than 0.10). All VO2 measurements were submaximal. In conclusion, incline has a significant effect on the metabolism of rats running on a motor-driven treadmill.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immune complexes, gallium lung scans, and bronchoalveolar lavage in idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis-fibrosis.

We obtained results of lung immune complexes (LIC), circulating immune complexes (CIC), 48-hour gallium lung scans (scans), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and pulmonary function tests in 20 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis-fibrosis. Sixteen patients had predominantly interstitial (13 cases UIP) and/or intraalveolar (3 cases DIP) cellular disease (group 1). Prior to corticosteroid therapy in group 1, scans were positive in 75 percent, CIC were elevated in 86 percent, LIC were present in 64 percent, and BAL was abnormal in 90 percent. Duration of follow-up after treatment was 3.5 +/- 1.0 year. In group 1 after treatment with corticosteroids in 13 patients and corticosteroids and penicillamine (three patients) and plasmapheresis (one patient), only four patients remain stable or improved. After corticosteroid therapy, elevated CIC returned to normal values despite progressive patient deterioration. In three patients, lung immune complexes were still detected after circulating immune complexes had returned to normal after corticosteroid therapy. In group 2 were four patients with fibrotic disease; scans and CIC were uniformly negative, LIC were weakly present in only one patient, and BAL was abnormal in all. Despite corticosteroid therapy, all have died or deteriorated. These results suggest that positive gallium lung scans, BAL, circulating immune complexes, and to a lesser extent, lung immune complexes are associated with the cellular phase of interstitial pneumonia, but do not reliably identify a corticosteroid-responsive group.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

New developments in immunoperoxidase techniques and their application.

Immunoperoxidase methods are now used extensively in surgical pathology. The basic technique serves both as an investigative tool and as a type of special stain for immunohistochemical studies, and often yields a definitive diagnosis when orthodox histochemical methods are of no avail. Many variations of the technique have been developed since the basic immunoperoxidase method was first applied to "routinely processed" tissues in 1974. Use of each should take into account its particular strengths and weaknesses.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Scleroma (Rhinoscleroma). A histologic immunohistochemical study with bacteriologic correlates.

Scleroma was diagnosed in nine of 30 Spanish-surnamed patients who had inflammatory lesions of the nose, pharynx, and larynx during the two-year period from Jan 1, 1978, through Dec 31, 1979. A total of 19 biopsy specimens were taken from these nine patients. In six of the 19 specimens, a histologic diagnosis of scleroma was not possible. Seventeen of the specimens with characteristic histologic findings stained with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for detection of Klebsiella capsular antigen III, although in 11 of these specimens, simultaneous cultures failed to reveal the characteristic Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. These specimens showed the features of one of the three histopathologic forms of scleroma: ozena, granuloma, or scleroma. A range of tissue reactions was identified: histiocyte and plasma cell nodules, vasculitis, acute inflammation, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, ulceration, and submucosal keratin cyst. Comparison with histochemical bacterial stains revealed that the PAS and Hotchkiss-McManus stains gave unequivocal positive results less frequently than the immunoperoxidase method, and were less specific. Methenamine silver, Giemsa, Deiterle, Brown and Brenn, and Brown and Hopps were unreliable for the detection of the organism. The immunoperoxidase method can be appropriately used when the spectrum of histopathologic findings suggests a differential diagnosis of scleroma.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMed1983

In situ demonstration of T lymphocyte subsets in granulomatous inflammation: leprosy, rhinoscleroma and sarcoidosis.

T lymphocyte subpopulations in frozen tissue sections of four granulomatous conditions (five patients with tuberculoid leprosy, five with lepromatous leprosy, seven with sarcoidosis and four with rhinoscleroma) were studied using monoclonal antibodies and a modified immunoperoxidase technique. Two immunohistological patterns were observed. In tuberculoid leprosy and sarcoidosis, lymphocytes expressing the helper/inducer phenotype were present within the aggregates of mononuclear phagocytes (epithelioid cells); however, cells with the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype were predominantly in the lymphocytic mantle surrounding each granuloma. In lepromatous leprosy and rhinoscleroma the helper/inducer T cells and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells were both diffusely distributed among the mononuclear phagocytes (histiocytes) without any discernible mantle. The segregation of the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypic subsets was associated with an epithelioid cell differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic cells, bacterial elimination and a delayed type hypersensitivity response. The intimate admixture of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets was associated with undifferentiated mononuclear phagocytes, bacterial proliferation and the absence of a delayed type hypersensitivity response. Thus the different distributions of T cell subpopulations in granulomas may be associated with differences in the host's immune response in several forms of granulomatous reactions.

Granuloma↗
PubMed1983

In situ characterization of T lymphocyte subsets in the reactional states of leprosy.

Using monoclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase technique, the numbers and distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in the tissues of reactional states of leprosy (six reversal reaction, nine erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and two Lucio's reaction) were determined and compared with those found in stable, non-reactional patients (six tuberculoid, two borderline lepromatous and seven lepromatous). The pattern of segregation of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype at the periphery of the granuloma was found in both non-reactional tuberculoid lesions and reversal reactions, but was better developed in the former. In ENL and Lucio's reaction, as well as in non-reactional lepromatous tissue, the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes were both admixed with the aggregated histiocytes. However, the helper/suppressor ratio in ENL (2.1 +/- 0.4) was significantly larger than that in non-reactional lepromatous tissue (0.7 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001). The immature thymocyte antigen OKT6 was found on scattered large non-lymphoid cells, most commonly in tuberculoid and reversal reaction tissues, less commonly in ENL, but only irregularly in non-reactional lepromatous tissue. The peripheral pattern of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype may be an immunohistological reflection of a cell-mediated immune response common to both non-reactional tuberculoid and reversal reaction patients. The reversal of the helper/suppressor ratio in ENL as compared to non-reactional lepromatous disease suggests some role for cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of ENL. The OKT6 positive cell is of unknown origin and function.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Immunoblastic sarcoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-like disorders.

Five patients, predominantly older men, had abnormal immune states for prolonged periods of time with manifestations of multisystem involvement, including features of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome. In the course of their disease, all had malignant lymphoma (immunoblastic sarcoma) develop. The development of lymphoma was associated with generalized lymphadenopathy in four cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Analysis of B-cell antigens in normal reactive lymphoid tissue using four B-cell monoclonal antibodies.

Lymph nodes from 13 cases of reactive hyperplasia were examined with four different monoclonal antibodies to B cells. B-1 recognizes an antigen of 30,000 daltons on B cells. CB-2 was prepared with normal spleen and binds to a glycolipid. BA-1 labels surface immunoglobulin-positive cells, but not T lymphocytes or monocytes. B-532 recognizes an antigenic determinant of 45,000 daltons. Using the immunoperoxidase method on frozen sections of reactive lymph nodes, the staining patterns of these four unique antibodies showed dramatic differences. B-1 labeled 80%-90% of the germinal center cells and 10%-50% of the mantle region. Few interfollicular cells were positive. CB-2 stained predominantly in the mantle area (50%-90% positive cells), with moderate staining in the germinal center as well and less than 1% positive cells in the diffuse cortex. BA-1 exhibited predominant labeling in the mantle (50%-90%), with little staining in the germinal center. A large number of cells in the interfollicular, subcapsular, and medullary regions expressed the BA-1 antigen. The B-5 antibody demonstrated intense staining in the follicle (50%-95%). This staining often appeared to be polarized within the germinal center. The mantle zone demonstrated staining of 30%-50% of the cells. The different staining patterns of the B-cell antibodies, as demonstrated by the in situ distribution of positive cells within the lymph node, may reflect stages of development or activation of the B-cell population.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Experimental models of lymphoproliferative disease. The mouse as a model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and related leukemias.

The present review focuses on the mouse as an experimental immunopathologic model for human non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and related leukemias. Immunomorphologic evidence is presented that clearly demonstrates that B- and T-cell subtypes of mouse (murine) lymphoma/leukemia closely resemble and are analogous to B- and T-cell subtypes of human lymphoma/leukemia as defined by recently proposed immunomorphologic classifications. Further evidence is presented that favors the hypothesis that certain types of murine and human B-cell lymphoma develop out of prodromal, prelymphomatous states, which exhibit antecedent morphologic and immunologic abnormalities. The many experimental advantages of the murine systems are stressed, as well as the concept that the presently defined immunomorphologic approach should be effectively combined with molecular and cytogenetic parameters.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Presentation of malignant lymphoma in the rectum.

Because of their rarity, rectal malignant lymphomas are generally included in the group of large intestine lymphomas. A study of eight cases of rectal lymphomas revealed distinctive clinicopathologic correlations. Using the Lukes-Collins classification of malignant lymphomas, the authors interpreted all the cases as B-cell lymphomas, supported by immunologic studies in four cases. Seven cases were classified diffuse follicular center cell (FCC) lymphomas; four as small cleaved FCC; and three as small noncleaved FCC. One case was interpreted as plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphoma. Monoclonality was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase staining of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in three cases and by immunologic surface marker studies in another case . The small noncleaved follicular center cell lymphomas presented as localized tumors (clinical Stage I), so-called primary lymphomas. The small cleaved follicular center cell lymphomas, by contrast, were part of a generalized lymphomatous process in three of the four cass with demonstrated involvement of the gastrointestinal tract elsewhere in two cases.

Aged↗