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Biomedical subjects

C R Rao

Publications and source records attributed to C R Rao.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Adult paratesticular sarcomas: a report of eight cases.

Eight adult paratesticular sarcomas seen at a Regional Cancer Centre over a 7-year period are described. There were three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), three cases of leiomyosarcoma (LMS), and two cases of liposarcoma (LS). The RMS occurred in a younger age group (3rd decade) than the LMS and LS (6th and 7th decades). Most of our patients presented with advanced disease after orchiectomy at other hospitals, three with recurrent or residual disease and four with metastasis. The single patient with RMS who received intensive adjuvant therapy is free of disease at 84 months in spite of the advanced stage at presentation. All three patients with LMS had an unfavourable clinical course. Both the patients with LS had well differentiated (WD) tumours and presented with recurrences, one over several years, following initial local excisions. The necessity for early adequate surgical and adjuvant therapy and the need for a uniform treatment policy are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Hemangiopericytoma of bone--a case report.

A case of low grade hemangiopericytoma of three years duration occurring in the upper end of the femur of a 70 year old man is described. Radiologically, the upper third of the right femur showed a destructive expansile osteolytic lesion with soft tissue extension. The tumour was partially encapsulated. Mitoses were 0-1 per 10 high power fields, suggesting the low grade malignant nature of the lesion. It is felt that all hemangiopericytomas occurring in bone should be considered biologically malignant.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

An outbreak of poliomyelitis in Andhra Pradesh (South India).

An outbreak of poliomyelitis that occurred in the year 1992 in Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, South India was investigated to understand the reasons for persistence of poliomyelitis in the general population and for the outbreak in Andhra Pradesh in particular. The study comprised of a detailed investigation of epidemiological and clinical features, serology and vaccination status and a case control study to calculate vaccine efficacy by matched pair analysis. The outbreak occurred after a relative quiescence of 3 years. The age group of the patients ranged from 2 months to 5 years, 26.5% being infants and 70.2% being children between 1 and 5 years. The outbreak was mainly caused by Type 1 poliovirus. Vaccine efficacy was found to be 70%. Antibody response was not high in cases. Seventy six per cent of the children with poliomyelitis were unvaccinated. Ignorance of the mothers and family interference were the main causes for not vaccinating the children. The study indicates the need to increase the vaccination coverage and inclusion of children upto 5 years in the programme. Absence of vaccination is the major risk factor for the outbreak. The persistence of poliomyelitis in older children, low antibody response and suboptimal vaccine efficacy point out the problem of achieving control with OPV in tropical countries and suggest the need for alternate strategies. Better health education strategies need to be developed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology of chondrosarcoma.

The cytomorphological appearances of bone and soft tissue tumours, when combined with radiology and clinical presentation, can lead to a positive diagnosis in the majority of cases. Our experience with fine needle aspiration biopsy of 13 cases of chondrosarcoma, encountered over a four year period is presented, in correlation with their radiological appearances. It is concluded that. FNAB is a valuable pre-operative tool in characterising chondroid neoplasms in soft tissue and bone.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1992

Mandibular metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting initially as a bony metastasis is rare. Involvement of maxillofacial bones is even more rare and only 20 cases have been reported. A case of a 65-year-old male patient presenting with metastasis to the mandible from a primary HCC is described.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Extranodal sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy--a case report.

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy involving organs other than the lymph nodes is a rare event. A case of SIIML presenting with multiple skin and subcutaneous nodules and multiple osteolytic lesions is described. A search of the Indian literature revealed many cases of nodal SIIML, but none of the reported cases had prominent extranodal involvement.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in endometriosis of the ovary.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising in ovarian endometriosis is extremely rare, but a case is reported in a 62 year old woman. If such an ovarian tumour is discovered evidence of teratoma, Brenner tumour, or endometriosis should be sought. Extensive sampling is mandatory as the developing tumour often overgrows the foci of endometriosis, thus obliterating evidence of its origin.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1984

A comparative study of the traditional long case with the objective structured clinical examination in Lagos, Nigeria.

An apparent difference in the results of the clinical examination of the final M.B., B.S. was observed following replacement of the traditional long case (TLC) with the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in 1979. This led to a study of the results of two consecutive years of each method, 1976 and 1978 (TLC), and 1979 and 1980 (OSCE). The OSCE pass rate of 61% was found to be significantly lower than TLC pass rate of 93% (P less than 0.05). Using the analysis of variance and the critical difference (CD) of the mean scores of the different types of examination, no significant difference was found to exist between the two TLC examinations or between the two OSCE examinations. However, significant difference exists between the TLC of 1978 and the OSCE of 1979, P less than 0.05. A comparison of the CD of MCQ to those of TLC and OSCE suggests that less differences exist between MCQ and OSCE scores compared to MCQ and TLC scores, and by 1980 no significant difference exists between MCQ and OSCE. OSCE, like MCQ, will therefore appear an acceptable method of examination and perhaps a more effective method of clinical examination than TLC.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of the effect of combined frusemide and controlled-release potassium tablets (Diumide-K continus tablets) and frusemide and slow-K tablets in elderly patients with cardiac failure.

Serum potassium levels, weight, heart function and patient's opinion of therapy were assessed in a study comparing 40 mg of frusemide and 600 mg of controlled-release potassium chloride in a combined tablet to frusemide and potassium supplements given as separate tablets in thirty elderly patients in cardiac failure. Potassium levels were significantly higher, heart function was significantly improved and patient's opinion of therapy was better after the combined tablet therapy than both pre-trial and after the separate tablet therapy. There was no significant difference in weight reduction.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Simultaneous estimation of parameters in different linear models and applications to biometric problems.

Empirical Bayes procedure is employed in simultaneous estimation of vector parameters from a number of Gauss-Markoff linear models. It is shown that with respect to quadratic loss function, empirical Bayes estimators are better than least squares estimators. While estimating the parameter for a particular linear model, a suggestion has been made for distinguishing between the loss due to decision maker and the loss due to individual. A method has been proposed but not fully studied to achieve balance between the two losses. Finally the problem of predicting future observations in a linear model has been considered.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1973

Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with Riedel's struma.

A case of retroperitoneal fibrosis with bilateral ureteral obstruction in association with Riedel's struma of the thyroid is reported. There has been a definite increase in incidence of retroperitoneal fibrosis, but with prompt recognition and adequate treatment the mortality rate has been decreased from the original 14%. The association of Riedel's struma with retroperitoneal fibrosis has been noted in the past and its association with sclerosing cholangitis has also been mentioned. It is not known whether Riedel's thyroiditis originates in the thyroid gland and spreads or whether true thyroiditis is part of a generalized process. The temporal relationship of thyroiditis and retroperitoneal fibrosis suggests an extension of fibrosis from the thyroid, but one cannot be sure which condition occurred first. Whatever the cause, the treatment remains the same as for retroperitoneal fibrosis from other causes.

Humans↗