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C R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to C R Jones.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comparative pharmacodynamics of CYP2B induction by DDT, DDE, and DDD in male rat liver and cultured rat hepatocytes.

In this study the pharmacodynamics were characterized of rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 2B (CYP2B) induction by the pesticide DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] and its metabolites DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], which is bioretained, and DDD [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane], which is metabolized further and therefore less prone to bioaccumulate. DDT, DDE, and DDD were each found to be pure phenobarbital-type cytochrome P-450 inducers in the male F344/NCr rat, causing induction of hepatic CYP2B and CYP3A, but not CYP1A. The ED50 values for CYP2B induction (benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation) by DDT, DDE, and DDD were, respectively, 103, 88, and > or = 620 ppm in diet (14 d of exposure). The efficacies (Emax values) for induction of benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation by DDT, DDE, and DDD were 24-, 22-, and > or = 1-fold, respectively, compared to control values. The potencies of the three congeners for CYP2B induction appeared also to be similar, with EC50 values (based on total serum DDT equivalents) of 1.5, 1.8, and > or = 0.51 microM, respectively. The EC50 values based on DDT equivalents in hepatic tissue were 15, 16, and > or = 5.9 micromol/kg liver tissue, respectively. In primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes, DDT, DDE, and DDD each displayed ability to induce total cellular RNA coding for CYP2B (ED50 values of 0.98, 0.83, and > or = 2.7 microM, respectively). These results suggest that DDT, DDE, and DDD each possess a high degree of intrinsic CYP2B-inducing ability for rat liver, despite marked differences in bioretention among the congeners.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Dose-response relationships for cytochrome P450 induction by phenobarbital in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus).

The induction of a hepatic pleiotropic response, including increase in liver/body weight ratio, induction of hepatic CYP2B and CYP3A protein and catalytic activity, and hepatic microsomal epoxide hydration activity, was investigated in male cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) administered graded dietary concentrations (0-1500 ppm) of phenobarbital (PB) for 14 days. A dose-dependent induction of each endpoint was observed, although plateaus in the various dose-response curves were not obtained, and ED50 values (PB concentrations associated with half-maximal responses) for the various endpoints were not able to be calculated. A maximal 1.31-fold increase, compared to the control value, in live/body weight ratio was observed, while microsomal epoxide hydration activity was increased as much as 3.6-fold by PB administration. Pentoxy- and benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation and testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylation activities (considered to be relatively selective for CYP2B in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)), were induced maximally less than five-fold. Testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation (considered to be relatively selective for CYP3A in R. norvegicus) was induced maximally less than two-fold. Maximal induction of 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin O-deethylation was 18-fold, compared to the control rate. Western blotting studies indicated that hepatic microsomal proteins immunoreactive with polyclonal antisera to R. norvegicus CYP2B1 or CYP3A1 were induced, in a dose-responsive manner, by PB in the cotton rats. These results indicate that the cotton rat responds to PB treatment with a coordinate pleiotropic response similar to that displayed by R. norvegicus, although the substrate specificity of the induced proteins appears to differ between the two rodent species.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Ventricular arrhythmia following successful myocardial revascularization: incidence, predictors and prevention.

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), from a spontaneous episode of ventricular arrhythmia (VT/VF), after a successful surgical myocardial revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting; CABG) procedure. Predictors of these events were identified, and long term benefits of the prophylactic regimes, that were used to control these events, were evaluated. METHODS: We selected 8642 consecutive patients, who had undergone an isolated and first time CABG procedure, between 1/3/1980 and 1/3/1995. A standard hazard function model (1) was used for statistical analysis. Efficacy of the prophylactic regimes, was examined in a group of 350 high risk patients, with a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction 30% or less, who were recently operated since 1/1/1988. Electrophysiologic (EP) guided prophylaxis was used in 92 (26%) patients, who had survived a documented episode of SCD, and remaining 258 patients were maintained on antiarrhythmic medication on an empirical basis. A sequential EP evaluation was performed, when indicated. RESULTS: During an early phase of hazard, which mainly lasted for up to 3 months after CABG, incremental risk factors were preoperative LVEF 30% or less (P = 0.0007) and preoperative episodes of VT/VF (P = 0.04). This phase was followed by a constant phase with a low risk of the events, which merged into a slowly rising late phase after 6 years. EP guided prophylaxis, reduced the risk of SCD in high risk patients (P = 0.03). A sequential EP evaluation, helped to detect the problems of drug resistance and a cross over from non-sustained to sustained runs of VT/VF. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a successful CABG surgery, risk of VT/VF persists. A routine EP evaluation before and after a CABG procedure is recommended in all patients with a poor left ventricular function.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1998

Chronic lithium treatment decreases brain phospholipase A2 activity.

Chronic lithium administration decreases the turnover of arachidonic acid (AA) in several brain phospholipids. This suggests that lithium may attenuate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in brain. We now report effects of chronic lithium treatment on PLA2 activity in postnuclear supernatant from rat brain: Enzyme activity was determined by two assay methods, radiometric and fluorometric, and measured the release of the fatty acid on the second acyl position (sn2) from choline and ethanolamine phospholipids. PLA2 activity in brain postnuclear supernatant from rats chronically treated with lithium in the diet was significantly decreased (20-50%) when compared with controls. In vehicle or lithium-treated rats, PLA2 activity was not significantly augmented or attenuated by the addition of calcium chelators, divalent cations or LiCl supplementation (1.0 mM) to postnuclear supernatant. These results suggest that a major therapeutic effect of lithium is to attenuate brain PLA2 activity involved in signal transduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Relationship of adolescent self-esteem to selected academic variables.

This study investigated whether self-esteem precedes various academic behaviors and beliefs among 593 high school students (63.7% female, 60.9% African American). Measures of home and school self-esteem, grade point average, perceived academic standing and progress, and educational plans were collected by survey and archival review of grade and attendance records at the beginning (pre-test) and end of the school year (post-test). Self-esteem and academic variables differed by gender, race, and guardianship. Self-esteem related significantly to academics and absenteeism. Results suggest selected academic variables predict self-esteem even when the effects of gender, race, and guardianship are removed and pretest self-esteem scores are controlled. In conclusion, student academic performance influences subsequent academic and home self-esteem. Creation of positive academic experiences for youth may be a critical activity, since experts contend that low self-esteem is associated with subsequent behavioral problems. The markedly lower self-esteem of Native American and Hispanic youth warrants further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The D-xylose-binding protein, XylF, from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus 39E: cloning, molecular analysis, and expression of the structural gene.

Immediately downstream from the Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus xylAB operon, comprising genes that encode D-xylose isomerase and D-xylulose kinase, lies a 1,101-bp open reading frame that exhibits 61% amino acid sequence identity to the Escherichia coli D-xylose binding periplasmic receptor, XylF, a component of the high-affinity binding-protein-dependent D-xylose transport. The 25-residue N-terminal fragment of the deduced T. ethanolicus XylF has typical features of bacterial leader peptides. The C-terminal portion of this leader sequence matches the cleavage consensus for lipoproteins and is followed by a 22-residue putative linker sequence rich in serine, threonine, and asparagine. The putative mature 341-amino-acid-residue XylF (calculated molecular mass of 37,069 Da) appears to be a lipoprotein attached to the cell membrane via a lipid anchor covalently linked to the N-terminal cysteine, as demonstrated by metabolic labelling of the recombinant XylF with [14C]palmitate. The induced E. coli avidly bound D-[14C]xylose, yielding additional evidence that T. ethanolicus XylF is the D-xylose-binding protein. On the basis of sequence comparison of XylFs to other monosaccharide-binding proteins, we propose that the sequence signature of binding proteins specific for hexoses and pentoses be refined as (KDQ)(LIVFAG)3IX3(DN)(SGP)X3(GS)X(LIVA) 2X2A. Transcription of the monocistronic 1.3-kb xylF mRNA is inducible by xylose and unaffected by glucose. Primer extension analysis indicated that xylF transcription initiates from two +1 sites, both situated within the xylAB operon. Unlike in similar transport systems in other bacteria, the genes specifying the membrane components (e.g., ATP-binding protein and permease) of the high-affinity D-xylose uptake system are not located in the vicinity of xylF in T. ethanolicus. This is the first report of a gene encoding a xylose-binding protein in a gram-positive or thermophilic bacterium.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Calciphylaxis mimicking dermatomyositis: ischemic myopathy complicating renal failure.

BACKGROUND: Among the complications of chronic renal failure is a syndrome of medial calcification of small- to medium-sized arteries associated with ischemic necrosis of the skin and other organ systems, leading to gangrene and a poor prognosis. The syndrome has been reviewed in the renal, dermatologic, and surgical literature under the term calciphylaxis, which describes a postulated pathogenetic mechanism whereby sensitization to an endogenous or exogenous substance (such as parathyroid hormone) predisposes to calcium deposition after exposure to a challenging agent. Myopathy has rarely been reported as the presenting feature, and the syndrome has not been discussed in the neurologic literature. METHODS: We report two patients with renal failure and systemic calciphylaxis who presented to our hospital with myopathic complaints and signs suggesting dermatomyositis. We also discuss possible disease mechanisms and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Because early treatment (including aggressively lowering the calcium and phosphate levels and parathyroidectomy) may improve the outcome, early recognition of the syndrome of calciphylaxis is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Adult respiratory distress syndrome following cardiopulmonary bypass: incidence, prophylaxis and management.

BACKGROUND: In this retrospective study, we have examined the incidence and the predictors of ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome), in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The prophylactic and therapeutic measures that were used in this series were also evaluated. METHODS: Between January 1988 and January 1995, 4318 consecutive patients undergoing an isolated and a primary CABG procedure were included. Patients with poor left ventricular function, congestive heart failure (CHF), renal failure and with an abnormal chest radiogram were excluded. RESULTS: The independent predictors of ARDS were: recent cigarette smoking, advanced COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and emergency surgery. The overall incidence of ARDS was 2.5% and hospital mortality in patients with an established ARDS was 27.7% (30/108). The prophylactic and the therapeutic measures which have been used in this series had no significant impact on the incidence and hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In view of a high perioperative mortality in patients with established ARDS, a mandate for a regular use of prophylactic and therapeutic measures that are based on its pathophysiology, clearly exists.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Evidence for the involvement of docosahexaenoic acid in cholinergic stimulated signal transduction at the synapse.

[4,5-3H]Docosahexaenoic acid ([3H]DHA) or [9,10-3H]palmitic acid ([3H]PAM) was infused intravenously for 5 min to awake, adult male rats before and after treatment with arecoline (15 mg/kg, i.p.), a cholinergic agonist. Animals were killed 15 min post-infusion, the brains were rapidly removed and subcellular fractions were obtained after sucrose density centrifugation. In control animals, [3H]DHA and [3H]PAM were incorporated into the synaptosomal fractions, representing 50%-60% of total membrane label. Most remaining membrane label (30%-40%) was in the microsomal fraction. Both fractions contained the synaptic marker synaptophysin. The remaining 10% of radioactivity was in the myelin and mitochondrial fractions. Arecoline significantly increased [3H]DHA entry into the synaptosomal fractions by 100% and into the microsomal fraction by 50%. In these fractions 60%-65% of the [3H]DHA was in phospholipid, the rest corresponding to free fatty acid and diacylglycerol. In contrast, arecoline did not change [3H]PAM incorporation into any brain fraction. These results demonstrate that plasma [3H]DHA incorporation is selectively increased into synaptic membrane phospholipids of the rat brain in response to cholinergic activation. The increased incorporation of DHA but not of PAM into synaptic membranes in response to cholinergic stimulation indicates a primary role for DHA in phospholipid mediated signal transduction at the synapse involving activation of phospholipase A2 and/or C.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

In vivo induction and in vitro inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity by the benzodiazepine anticonvulsants clonazepam and diazepam.

The ability of the benzodiazepines, as a chemical class, to cause the induction and/or inhibition of cytochromes P450 has not been well characterized. In the present study, the induction of the cytochrome P450 2B subfamily (CYP2B) in vivo and the inhibition of CYP2B activity in vitro by selected benzodiazepines was examined in hepatic tissues derived from male F344/NCr rats. Initial studies of the in vivo induction or in vitro inhibition of benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylation activity revealed that both clonazepam and diazepam were relatively effective in vivo inducers of CYP2B when administered in the diet at 500 ppm for 5 days and also were fairly potent inhibitors of the activity of these hemoproteins in vitro. Oxazepam, in contrast, was ineffective as an inducer or an inhibitor of this activity. Further studies were performed to characterize the subfamily selectivity of the P450 induction and inhibition displayed by clonazepam. Specifically, microsomes from rats treated with clonazepam (1000 or 1800 ppm in the diet for 5 days) were found to be highly induced with respect to catalytic activities mediated by CYP2B, including benzyloxyresorufin and pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation or testosterone 16 beta-hydroxylation, but other CYP proteins were minimally induced. In addition to inducing the CYP2B subfamily, clonazepam also induced the RNA encoding other drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g., epoxide hydrolase and the glutathione S-transferase alpha-subfamily) that are typically induced by phenobarbital-type inducers. Finally, clonazepam proved to be a potent noncompetitive or "mixed-type" competitive inhibitor of catalytic activities mediated by CYP2B, but not by other CYP proteins (e.g. CYP2A, CYP3A) in microsomes derived from phenobarbital-pretreated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Evidence for membrane remodeling in ipsilateral thalamus and amygdala following left amygdala-kindled seizures in awake rats.

We examined regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) and brain incorporation coefficients (k*) of each of three intravenously infused fatty acid radiotracers, [9,10-(3H)]palmitate ([3H]PAM), [1-(14C)]arachidonate ([14C]AA) and [1-(14C)]docosahe-xaenoate ([14C]DHA), in awake rats fully kindled by once-daily electrical stimulation of the left amygdala. Compared with sham-stimulated animals, rCMRglc was increased bilaterally during a seizure, particularly in midbrain-brain stem regions, thalamus and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala. At 24 h and 2 weeks after a seizure, there was no significant change in k* for either [14C]AA or [14C]DHA in any brain region, whereas k* for [3H]PAM at 24 h was increased significantly (by 32-53%) ipsilateral to stimulation in regions of the amygdala and thalamus. Contralateral regions showed no significant change. Two weeks after a seizure, k* for [3H]PAM was increased in the ipsilateral lateral dorsal nucleus of the thalamus. These results argue for membrane remodeling involving phosphatidylcholine in the ipsilateral amygdala and thalamus at the completed phase of amygdala kindling. Remodeling may continue for up to 2 weeks after a seizure during the completed phase.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1996

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan in healthy human subjects.

INTRODUCTION: Bosentan (Ro 47-0203) is a potent and mixed ETA-and ETB-receptor antagonist. Its activity has been studied in a variety of preclinical disease models. METHODS: Two double-blind placebo-controlled studies were performed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bosentan after single oral and intravenous doses in healthy volunteers; doses of 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 mg were given in a single ascending oral dose study, and doses of 10, 50, 250, 500, and 750 mg were given in a single ascending intravenous dose study (six subjects received active drug and two received placebo at each dose level). In an open-label crossover added to the second study, six subjects received a single oral dose of 600 mg and a single intravenous dose of 250 mg in randomized order. At regular intervals, blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin responses to intradermally injected endothelin-1 (ET-1) were recorded, and plasma levels of ET-1, proendothelin-1 (big ET-1), and ET-3, and drug and urinary levels of ET-1 and drug were determined. RESULTS: Systemic plasma clearance and volume of distribution decreased with increasing dose to limiting values of around 6 L/hr and 0.2 L/kg, respectively. The absolute bioavailability was 50% and appeared to decrease with doses above 600 mg. Plasma ET-1 increased maximally twofold (oral) and threefold (intravenous), and this increase was directly related to bosentan plasma concentrations according to an Emax model. Bosentan reversed the vasoconstrictor effect of ET-1 measured in the skin microcirculation. There was a tendency toward decreased blood pressure (approximately 5 mm Hg) and increased pulse rate (approximately 5 beats/min), neither was clearly dose dependent. Oral bosentan was well tolerated. Vomiting and local intolerability was observed at the higher intravenous doses. CONCLUSION: Bosentan is an orally bioavailable, well-tolerated, and active ET-1 antagonist with a low clearance and a moderate volume of distribution. Its intravenous use is limited because of local intolerability.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with an ejection fraction of twenty percent or less.

Over a 7-year period, 5.8% (n = 210) of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution had severely impaired global left ventricular function with an ejection fraction of 20% or less. Mean age at operation was 66 years (+/- 0.7; standard error), and 76% of patients were male. Primary indications for operation were unstable angina (73 patients, 35%), return of symptoms with previous bypass grafting (41 patients, 20%), congestive heart failure with reversible ischemia (55 patients, 26%), and recurrent ventricular arrhythmias (41 patients, 20%). Overall, actuarial survival (n = 210) was 82%, 79%, and 73% at 1, 2, and 5 years. Risk of death was highest early after the operation, and then declined rapidly to a constant level. Patients who did not receive retrograde coronary sinus cardioplegia (p = 0.05), older patients (p = 0.004), and those with preoperative ventricular arrhythmias (p = 0.003) or renal failure (p < 0.0001) had an increased risk of death early after operation. Patients with congestive symptoms and those requiring extensive or redo bypass grafting (p = 0.02) were found to be at an increased risk of death throughout the follow-up period. When the number of distal anastomoses performed increased, survival was found to decrease (p < 0.003), and to a greater extent in women than in men (p = 0.02). Of the four primary indications for operation, unstable angina yielded the highest risk-adjusted survival. Successful results after surgical revascularization in patients with severe impairment of ventricular function can be achieved by careful patient selection and management.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Preferential in vivo incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid from blood in rat brain synaptosomal fractions before and after cholinergic stimulation.

Awake adult male rats were infused intravenously with [3H]arachidonic acid for 5 min, with or without prior administration of an M1 cholinergic agonist, arecoline (15 mg/kg i.p.). Methylatropine was also administered (4 mg/kg s.c.) to control and arecoline-treated animals. At 15 min postinfusion, the animals were killed, brains were removed and frozen, and subcellular fractions were obtained from homogenates of whole brain. Total radioactivity and radioactivity in various lipid classes were determined for each fraction following normalization for exposure by use of a unidirectional incorporation coefficient, k*brain. In control animals, incorporation was greatest in synaptosomal and microsomal fractions, accounting for 50 and 30% of total label incorporated into membrane lipids, respectively. Arecoline increased incorporation in these two fractions by up to 400% but did not increase incorporation into the myelin, mitochondrial, or cytosolic fractions. Of the incorporated radioactivity, 50-80% was in phospholipid in microsomal and synaptosomal fractions, indicating that phospholipid is the major lipid affected by cholinergic stimulation. These results demonstrate that plasma [3H]arachidonic acid is preferentially incorporated into phospholipids of synaptosomal and microsomal fractions of rat brain. Cholinergic stimulation increases incorporation into these fractions, likely by activation of phospholipase A2 and/or C in association with acyltransferase activity, Thus, intravenously infused radiolabeled arachidonic acid can be used to examine synapse-mediated changes in brain phospholipid metabolism in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Langerhans cell (eosinophilic) granulomatosis. A clinicopathologic study encompassing 50 years.

We summarize our experience with 238 cases of Langerhans cell granulomatosis (LCG), 198 of whom were followed for a median period of 10.5 years. Our patients did well unless overtreated, and no deaths were attributed to the disorder itself. The disease may appear in unifocal or multifocal form, and treatment is based on this fact. Virtually all patients recovered completely except for occasional residual orthopedic problems or residual diabetes insipidus. Several of the patients underwent subsequent pregnancies without difficulty. The granulomas primarily occur in bone, but lung, skin, and lymph nodal involvement is not uncommon. Involvement of thyroid, thymus, and other sites is rare. The hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of Langerhans cells (LCs). We review the pathology of LCG by histology, electron microscopy, and immunolabeling. LCs originally were identified in squamous epithelium, but these cells are part of the widespread system of dendritic cells. The latter cells, which arise from CD34+ progenitors, are specialized and efficient antigen-presenting cells for T-cell-mediated immunity. In LCG, however, the major associated cells are not T cells, but mature eosinophils: hence the original name eosinophilic granuloma. Confusion about terminology has been based upon the scanty and rather crude pathology reports in the original literature. The term histiocytosis X was meant to cover a spectrum of three diseases--eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schüller-Christian disease (HSC), and Letterer-Siwe disease (LS)--but HSC and LS have no basis in pathology and hence the terms are meaningless. The term HSC has become a synonym for multifocal eosinophilic granuloma (LCG). The term LS has been used in reporting a number of benign, malignant, or unknown conditions. We prefer the term LCG to avoid confusion with the term histiocytosis X because there is evidence that the LC is not a member of the mononuclear phagocyte system and hence not a tissue macrophage, and because the use of the term "histiocyte" has become a convenience in much of the literature when reporting incompletely understood diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Alteration of OBCAM conformation as a result of opioid receptor expression and opioid ligand treatment.

Several lines of evidence link the opioid binding cell adhesion molecule (OBCAM) to opioid function. When delta-opioid receptor cDNA (DOR-1) was expressed in CHO cells, OBCAM immunoreactivity (OBCAM-ir) was detected. Transfected cell lines which displayed high opioid binding also expressed high cell surface OBCAM-ir, while untransfected CHO and vector control cells did not. The positive control, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), a protein with structural homology to OBCAM, displayed the same levels of immunofluorescence in transfected and nontransfected cell lines. Membranes from CHO cells transfected with and expressing a variety of muscarinic and dopamine receptors were tested for immunoreactivity. No significant OBCAM-ir was detected in any of these cell membranes. When anti-OBCAM peptide antibodies were used for immunoblots of CHO cells, untransfected, non-binding transfected, and high binding transfected cells revealed the same banding patterns with approximately equal intensity. These observations suggest that in untransfected cells OBCAM is either not present on the extracellular side of the CHO cell membrane or that it exists in an altered conformation which changes upon transfection with opioid receptors to allow recognition of the non-denatured protein by anti-OBCAM antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Coronary artery bypass grafting within 30 days of an acute myocardial infarction.

Risks and benefits of performing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) within 30 days of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were examined. In 642 patients operated on between January 1988 and December 1993, emergent CABG was performed in 46 patients for cardiogenic shock mainly for failed thrombolysis in patients with an evolving AMI. The remaining patients underwent urgent (< 72 hours) or elective (> 72 hours) revascularization for failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (n = 73), postinfarction angina (n = 381), vein graft stenosis (n = 100), and complications after an AMI (n = 42). In patients who underwent primary CABG for an uncomplicated AMI, the infarct was subendocardial in 68, anterolateral or septal in 200, inferior or posteroinferior in 200, and posterolateral in 32 patients. Early mortality (< 30 days) was 5.9% for the entire series and 0%, 4.5%, 4.5%, 29%, 9%, 8%, 10%, and 26% for the subsets of patients with subendocardial infarct, anterolateral or septal infarct, inferior or posteroinferior infarct, ischemic mitral regurgitation, left ventricular aneurysm, redo CABG, age more than 70 years, and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.30, respectively. By multivariate analysis, independent predictors of early mortality were left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.30, age more than 70 years, and cardiogenic shock.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗