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C R Chapple

Publications and source records attributed to C R Chapple.

161 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. A reappraisal and immunohistochemical study.

The clinicopathologic features of 17 patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis are described, together with results on a number of histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques that were used to demonstrate the variety of cells involved. Based on our clinicopathologic data and review of the literature, we believe that xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be regarded as a destructive, and, at times, tumefactive inflammatory process that may complicate chronic pyelonephritis. The initiation of this process remains an enigma. However, there appears to be three main features that are associated with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: pelvicalyceal obstruction, ulceration of the pelvicalyceal urothelium, and bacterial infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prazosin in the treatment of prostatic obstruction. A placebo-controlled study.

Eighty patients with prostatic obstruction were entered into a double-blind parallel study of prazosin versus placebo. There were 25 withdrawals or exclusions, leaving 55 patients for analysis. Mean maximum flow rates increased significantly more in patients treated with prazosin than in those treated with placebo (P less than 0.005), but there was no significant reduction in maximum voiding pressure. The mean number of voids, recorded on diary cards, was reduced from an initial 10.0/24 h by 2.1 in the final week, a significantly greater reduction than in the placebo group (P less than 0.01). However, there were no statistically significant changes in the filling cystometrograms. When patients were classified as responders or non-responders in terms of bladder filling, urine flow, bladder emptying, weekly average of voids/24 h and nocturia, the proportion of patients responding to prazosin was significantly greater in all categories except bladder filling and emptying. It was concluded that prazosin at a dose of 2 mg bd is a safe and effective treatment for prostatic obstruction and may be used in patients awaiting surgery and those who are unfit for operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Production of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin by prostatic adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

Ectopic production and secretion of hormones by a wide variety of tumours has been known for many years. Recently human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) production and/or secretion have been noted in 15 cases with prostatic adenocarcinoma (Fukutani et al. 1983; Papapetrou et al. 1980: Broder et al. 1977; Menon & Stefani 1980; McManus et al. 1976) and in two with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (Fukutani et al. 1983; McManus et al. 1976). In this study we utilised the indirect immunoperoxidate technique to demonstrate beta-HCG production in prostatic adenocarcinoma and upper urinary tract urothelial tumours. Of 100 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma beta-HCG production was demonstrated in nine cases, eight of which were poorly differentiated, and of 14 urothelial tumours of the upper urinary tract beta-HCG production was present in two high grade transitional cell carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Pasteurella multocida wound infections--a commonly unrecognized problem in the casualty department.

Wounds inflicted by animal bites are a common cause of attendance at casualty units. Many of these injuries are of little consequence, but if they are inappropriately treated, serious consequences can ensue. Pasteurella multocida is a common contaminant of wounds inflicted by domestic animals, in particular cats. We report here a series of six severe P. multocida wound infections, and refer to the current literature on the subject. Strains of P. multocida isolated from some wounds failed to respond to conventional chemotherapy with penicillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ectopic beta-human chorionic gonadotropin production by bladder urothelial neoplasia.

Endocrine manifestations are rarely observed in bladder urothelial neoplasia. To our knowledge, only 11 cases of choriocarcinoma have been reported in this site, and recently the production of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin has been demonstrated in these tumors by applying the immunoperoxidase technique. Of 104 transitional cell neoplasms of the bladder, we demonstrated by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique beta-human chorionic gonadotropin production in 12 neoplasms, 11 of which were grade 3 and 4 transitional cell carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Is the scrotal testis normal in unilateral cryptorchidism?

Bilateral testicular biopsies were performed on 66 children undergoing orchiopexy for unilateral cryptorchidism and the tubular fertility index (TFI) recorded. The results in both the descended and undescended testes at various ages were compared with previously reported control data. There were no significant differences between the germ cell activity of the scrotal testis in cases with unilateral cryptorchidism and that of controls. By contrast, the mean TFI of the undescended testis was significantly less than that of control patients of all ages. In neither group was there evidence of a progressive loss of germ cell activity during childhood. It is concluded that there is little to be gained from very early orchiopexy, performed before the third year of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper renal tract in rubber workers.

We report two patients where transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract developed after occupational exposure to known carcinogens, in the rubber industry. Although carcinoma of the bladder is well recognized in this context, to our knowledge, this association has not been reported previously.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1984

An unusual use for the arthroscope.

In recent years, arthroscopy has gained importance in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a painful knee (Ireland et al., 1980; Dandy, 1981). An important application of the arthroscope is in the removal of loose bodies from the knee, and endoscopy has also proved to be more accurate in diagnosis than more conventional methods (Dandy and O'Carroll, 1982). The identification and removal of foreign bodies from soft tissues and joints can be difficult. In addition to conventional radiography, other more specialized techniques including stereotaxis (McFadden, 1972) have been applied to this condition. We report 2 cases in which arthroscopy proved to be invaluable in the location and removal of a foreign body from the soft tissues around the knee.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Venous drainage of the hind limb in the monkey (macaca fascicularis).

Detailed dissection and histological examination of the hind limb veins in twelve adult limbs of Macaca fascicularis confirm that the main superficial venous channels are a short saphenous vein and the venae comitantes of branches of the arteria saphena. Three sets of constant perforating veins were located, and the number and location of valves in these and the main superficial venous channels were noted. Venous sinuses were found in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Dissections of the superficial veins were made in single specimens of Pan and Gorilla, and in the latter a long saphenous vein of the human type was found. Possible homologues between the non-human and human venous systems are proposed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of subcutaneous apomorphine in parkinsonian voiding dysfunction.

Ten patients with Parkinson's disease and urinary symptoms underwent urodynamic assessments before and after subcutaneous administration of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. Voiding efficiency improved after apomorphine injection, with an increase in mean and maximum flow rates in nine patients and reduction in post-micturition residual volume in six. Although the effect on detrusor behaviour was variable, subcutaneous apomorphine may be of use in both the assessment and treatment of voiding dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The minor population of M3-receptors mediate contraction of human detrusor muscle in vitro.

1 The objective was to determine the role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in mediating contraction of the human detrusor smooth muscle in vitro. 2 Contractile responses of human detrusor muscle strips to carbachol were obtained in the absence and presence of a range of muscarinic antagonists (pirenzepine, methoctramine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methyl piperidine methiodide (4-DAMP), tropicamide, oxybutynin and tolterodine). Affinity estimates (pKB values) were calculated for the antagonists and correlated with values at the cloned muscarinic receptor subtypes quoted in the literature. 3 Pirenzepine, methoctramine and tropicamide drugs that have high affinities at M1, M2 and M4-receptors, respectively, all had low affinities on the human detrusor (pKB values of 6.8, 6.9 and 6.5, respectively), whilst the M3-selective antagonist 4-DAMP had a high affinity (9.5). Schild plots for all four antagonists had slopes of unity indicating an action at a single receptor. Oxybutynin and tolterodine also acted as competitive antagonists with affinity estimates of 7.6 and 8.1, respectively. 4 When the antagonist affinities obtained on the bladder were plotted against the values published for these antagonists at the cloned muscarinic receptor subtypes, the best correlations were obtained for the m3- and m5-muscarinic receptor subtypes. 5 These data suggest that direct contractile responses of the human detrusor muscle to muscarinic receptor stimulation in vitro are mediated solely via the M3-muscarinic receptor subtype with no contribution from the major M2-receptor population.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of alpha1D-adrenoceptors in prostatic contraction examined using protection studies.

1 The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the alpha1D-adrenoceptor in alpha1-adrenoceptor-induced contraction of human prostate by means of protection experiments. 2 Responses of human prostate strips to noradrenaline were recorded, along with responses of rat aorta and vas deferens, tissues possessing predominantly alpha1D- and alpha1A-adrenoceptors respectively, for comparison. alpha1-adrenoceptors were then inactivated by incubation with the irreversible antagonist phenoxybenzamine. In some tissues alpha1A- or alpha1D-adrenoceptors were 'protected' from inactivation by incubation in the presence of the selective alpha1A- or 1D-adrenoceptor antagonists 5-methylurapidil and BMY 7378 before recording further responses to noradrenaline. 3 Phenoxybenzamine reduced the maximum noradrenaline-induced response and the potency of noradrenaline in all tissues. In rat vas deferens and human prostate, 5-methylurapidil protected alpha1A-adrenoceptors in a concentration-dependent manner. In rat aorta, 10 nM BMY 7378 almost fully protected alpha1D-adrenoceptors. However, concentrations of BMY 7378 up to 30-fold higher failed to protect receptors in the human prostate. 4 These results suggest that in human prostate functional alpha1D-adrenoceptors do not contribute to noradrenaline-induced contractile responses.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists↗