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Biomedical subjects

C R Carlson

Publications and source records attributed to C R Carlson.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Stretch-based relaxation and the reduction of EMG activity among masticatory muscle pain patients.

This study explored the efficacy of stretch-based relaxation procedures for the reduction of muscle activity in the masseter regions of subjects diagnosed with masticatory muscle pain disorders. Thirty-four subjects with elevated masseter activity were assigned randomly to either a postural relaxation/rest experimental group or a stretch-based relaxation experimental group. Following a psychosocial stressor and application of the relaxation procedure, persons in the stretch-based group showed greater reductions in EMG activity than did those in the postural group for the right masseter region (t = 1.94, P less than .04) and the left masseter region (t = 2.07, P less than .03). The results are discussed in terms of the implications of these findings for further research concerning the etiology and treatment of masticatory muscle pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Muscle stretching as an alternative relaxation training procedure.

The purpose of this program of research was to explore the use of muscle stretching procedures in relaxation training with a clinical population. In the first controlled study, stretching exercises for four muscle groups (obicularis occuli, sternocleidomastoid/trapezius, triceps/pectoralis major, and forearm/wrist flexors) were prepared. A group of people using these procedures (SR, N = 8) was compared to a group using the Bernstein and Borkovec (1973) tense-release (TR; N = 8) techniques for those same muscle groups, as well as compared to an appropriate group of controls (WL; N = 8). Assessment of physiological (multi-site EMG) and subjective (emotions, muscle tension, and self-efficacy) responses showed that persons in the SR displayed less sadness, less self-reported muscle tension at four sites, and less EMG activity on the r.masseter than persons in the TR group. In the second study, 15 subjects were administered an expanded version of the SR relaxation procedures. Results showed that all subjects reported significant decreases in self-reported levels of muscle tension; muscle tension responders showed lowered trapezius EMG and respiration rates and cardiovascular responders showed lowered diastolic blood pressure. The results are discussed in terms of the utility of relaxation procedures based primarily on muscle stretching exercises for lowering subjective and objective states of arousal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Relaxation training through muscle stretching procedures: a pilot case.

The present paper introduces a relaxation procedure based upon muscle stretching exercises. Traditional progressive relaxation training starts from muscle tensing exercises to teach voluntary control of muscle tension, but the literature shows widely varying results. An alternative method of relaxation training starts from muscle stretching exercises. Muscle stretching provides sensation contrasts for learning relaxation in addition to fostering relaxation through the stretching of muscles. The present report documents the rationale for the procedure and presents data from a clinical case study, including six months' follow-up, in support of its efficacy.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1984

Data-based versus symptomatic formulation of treatment: the case of a dependent personality.

A 48-year-old female presented anxiety and avoidances following diagnosis of her daughter as diabetic. A comprehensive formulation of the case seemed unobtainable. Symptomatic treatment was thus initiated which led to improvement then relapse. Subsequent clinical observation led to a new formulation, namely, anxiety about independent decision making. This hypothesis was assessed. The patient was found to be excessively reliant on others and deficient in autonomous behavior. Accordingly, treatment was aimed at modifying anxiety about independent decision making, and this proved successful. Improvements maintained at an 11-month follow-up. The implications of this case for clinical practice are discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1984

Visual illusions without low spatial frequencies.

It has been suggested that many geometrical illusions may be caused by the lower spatial frequencies in the Fourier spectra of these images. We have tested this hypothesis by constructing classical illusory figures out of a new dot stimulus, which is free of visible low spatial frequencies. In every case, not only does the illusion persist, but for the Müller-Lyer figures, which were measured quantitatively, the illusion magnitude is not significantly changed. We conclude that geometrical illusions are not primarily a consequence of low spatial frequencies in the illusory figures.

Form Perception↗
PubMed1984

An assessment of the treatment needs of Vietnam-era veterans.

A needs assessment was conducted to determine the existence and extent of differences between Vietnam-era veterans and other veterans residing within the catchment area of the Northport Veterans Administration Medical Center. The results of a questionnaire completed by 486 veterans indicated that, compared with World War II and Korean War veterans, a greater percentage of Vietnam-era veterans reported experiencing the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. They also reported more situational adjustment problems. A great number of Vietnam-era veterans expressed a need for psychotherapy and anger-control therapy, and they generally preferred to be treated with other Vietnam-era veterans who have had similar combat experience.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Theory of shape-invariant imaging systems.

The human visual system exhibits two properties that may be useful in other pattern-recognition systems: images do not change their shape with changes in image size and resolution declines rapidly with distance from the center of fixation. We show here that, in general, shape invariance requires inhomogeneous resolution over image space in a manner similar to that of the human visual system. Thus shape-invariant systems must process less information when compared with uniform-resolution systems. Although shape-invariant systems can be rotationally invariant, they cannot, in general, be translationally invariant. The properties of shape-invariant systems are explored in the spatial-frequency domain using a modified Fourier transform called a scaled transform. The features of scaled transforms are discussed and their behavior illustrated in the image domain by using them to filter various images, including the dot, the line, and the edge. It is shown that the filtered profile of an edge is preserved when it passes through the origin of a scaled transform. This result suggests that scaled transforms may be useful in edge-detection algorithms.

Computers↗