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Biomedical subjects

C Quinn

Publications and source records attributed to C Quinn.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Computed tomographic three-dimensional localization and compositional evaluation of intraocular and orbital foreign bodies.

A software program designed for the Siemens Somatom DR3 computed tomographic (CT) scanner provides improved diagnosis, localization, and etiologic description of intraocular and orbital foreign bodies. The program allows information to be analyzed in two different display formats. One format is that of multiplanar reconstruction of the eye and orbit, including an "oblique CT cube" image. This format produces an accurate "three-dimensional" display of both in vitro and in vivo intraocular and orbital foreign bodies. The second display format is that of a histogram. Using this analytic mode, nonmetallic intraocular and intraorbital foreign bodies can be differentiated from each other and from metallic foreign bodies, although individual metallic foreign bodies cannot be identified with respect to specific composition. The information provided by these two display formats substantially aids the clinician in the diagnosis and management of foreign bodies located within the orbit, particularly those located within the eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Phentolamine-resistant neurogenic constriction occurs in small arteries at higher frequencies.

The effect of the alpha 1, alpha 2-antagonist phentolamine (PTA) on neuromuscular transmission and exogenous norepinephrine (NE) was assessed in arteries of diminishing diameter possessing a substantial adventitiomedial junction adrenergic innervation in the rabbit ear, i.e., central ear artery (CEA), unstretched lumen diameter (ULD) approximately equal to 300 microns; main side branch (MSB) off the CEA (ULD approximately equal to 150 microns); and terminal branch (TB) off the MSB (ULD approximately equal to 75 microns). With increasing PTA concentrations, contractile responses to transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) were decreased proportionately less in TB than in MSB and CEA. PTA (4 X 10(-6) M, a competitive antagonist concentration) blocked the tetrodotoxin-sensitive TNS-induced contractions of CEA segments at 2, 4, and 8 Hz. The response at 8 Hz was reduced at least 98% in MSB and 86% in TB. However, responses to 8 Hz were not abolished in MSB and TB until 2 X 10(-5) and 3 X 10(-5) M PTA, respectively. PTA (3 X 10(-5) M) possessed nonspecific depressant properties in addition to its alpha-antagonist properties. We conclude that the sympathetic nervous system influences tone through alpha-adrenoceptors in the CEA and in the MSB and TB at lower frequencies. Responses in the MSB and TB at higher frequencies of nerve stimulation are mediated predominately through alpha-receptors. If the possibility of a nonadrenergic transmitter is discounted, the possibilities that the small PTA-resistant component of the neurogenic response is due to a high concentration of NE acting on alpha-adrenoceptors and/or a high threshold site cannot be distinguished.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Observations on patients with neural-tube defects in a metropolitan hospital clinic: an epidemiological history.

A survey of the population of the Spina Bifida Service (107 patients) of Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., and of a control population in the same hospital revealed that, although situated in an ethnically heterogeneous area, Service patients with a history of neural-tube defects in siblings or family significantly more often had ancestors on both sides from the British Isles than did either isolated cases or the controls. In addition, of 107 families reviewed, nine had more than one affected child, nine had a positive family history for neural-tube defects, and nine of the patients and seven of an estimated total of 220 siblings had an unrelated major birth-defect. These incidences are among the highest published so far. Contrary to other surveys, there was no deficiency of twinning among the sibships, nor of males among the Spina Bifida Service patients. These observations indicate the desirability of studying each population of patients with neural-tube defects in order to provide more realistic counseling and so that clues may be gathered as to the genetic mechanisms and environmental factors which led to the production of such defects.

Consanguinity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis C among drug users: consensus guidelines on management in general practice.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C (HCV) is a common cause of morbidity among patients who attend general practitioners (GPs) in Ireland for methadone maintenance treatment. AIMS: To describe the development and content of guidelines for the management of HCV among current or former opiate users in the Eastern Regional Health Authority area attending GPs for methadone treatment. METHODS: The guidelines were produced in five stages: identification of key stakeholders; development of evidence-based draft guidelines; discussion of content; determination of 'Delphi'-facilitated consensus and review by a sample of GPs for whom the guidelines would be intended. RESULTS: The guidelines contain advice for GPs on all aspects of care of patients at risk of HCV, including general and preventative care, care of other bloodborne and hepatotoxic viruses, and the factors to be considered and appropriate evaluation prior to referring a patient for assessment at a hepatology unit. CONCLUSIONS: GPs have an important role to play in the care of patients at risk of, or infected with, HCV.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a portable blood gas analyzer for pediatric interhospital transport.

We evaluated a portable blood gas analyzer for its speed, reliability, and usefulness during interhospital transportation of critically ill children in a prospective study. The accuracy of a portable blood gas analyzer (PBGA) was first established by comparing its results with values obtained from a standard blood gas analyzer. The speed, accuracy, and usefulness of the PBGA were then compared with those of standard analyzers at 10 referring hospitals during interhospital transportation of critically ill children. A highly significant linear correlation was demonstrated between values obtained using the PBGA and those derived from standard analyzers. The time required to obtain blood gas results was 2 min with the portable device, significantly less than the mean of 8.4 min +/- 6.4 min (range 1-24 min) required to get results from the laboratory facilities of the referring hospitals. Modification of treatment or adjustment to mechanical ventilation was required in 30% of transported patients based on blood gas results obtained immediately before departure from the referring hospital. We conclude that a portable blood gas analyzer provides rapid, reliable, and useful data that help to determine therapy for critically ill children awaiting interhospital transport.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infusion devices: risks, functions and management.

The use of infusion devices to administer intravenous solutions and drugs is common practice throughout a variety of healthcare settings. The risks associated with such practice are wide and varied. Training, maintenance, clinical need and availability of infusion devices are key areas that need to be addressed when managing associated risks. Nurses have a key role to play in addressing these risks.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The implications of drug treatment and testing orders.

The Crime and Disorder Act (1998) set out ways to tackle the link between crime and drug use. This article aims to review the Act and its implications on healthcare professionals. It also examines the contents of the Act in relation to the proposed Drug Treatment and Testing Orders (DTTO).

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High morbidity expected from cirrhosis in injecting drug users.

Hepatitis C infection commonly complicates injecting drug use. The outcome of end stage liver disease for this cohort in Ireland has not been estimated. (1) to estimate the prevalence of persistent hepatitis C viraemia and distribution of genotypes in a drug using cohort. (2) To measure the frequency of poor prognostic co-factors. (3) To extrapolate the burden of hepatitis C related disease nationally for this route of infection. A cross section survey of attendees at an East Coast Area drug treatment clinic. Of 94 patients studied (63 male), 70 were hepatitis C antibody positive and 39 were PCR positive. 26 had genotype 1 and 11 had genotype 2 or 3. Most displayed factors associated with a poor prognosis: 72% male, 83% problem drinkers and 87% abnormal liver blood tests. Using published data, we extrapolate over 1,214 cases of cirrhosis via this route of infection nationally, leading to approximately 35, 60 and 50 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic decompensation and liver related death respectively per annum. A high prevalence of hepatitis C infection in injecting drug users, compounded by a high frequency of poor prognostic co-factors, means a significant burden of disease can be expected from this group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of the Home Health Symptom Management Model.

The Home Health Symptom Management Model examines symptom management from the perspective of the home health patient. Results obtained from the model can be used to develop strategies for home health nursing that will improve the management of patients' symptoms, thus affecting outcomes and the cost of patient care. Case managers could use this information when arranging and evaluating home healthcare. The model can further be used in practice to assist home health nurses in their awareness of various factors that may predict numbers of home health visits.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative trial of succinylcholine vs low dose atracurium-lidocaine combination for intubation in short outpatient procedures.

Despite its many disadvantages, succinylcholine is the most commonly used drug for intubation of patients for short out-patient procedure. This double blind trial compared a low dose atracurium/lidocaine combination to succinylcholine for intubation in 40 ASA1 adult patients. Low dose atracurium/lidocaine provided clinical intubating conditions at two minutes and cardiovascular stability equivalent to succinylcholine with significantly less myalgia. Spontaneous respiration was slower after low dose atracurium/lidocaine relative to succinylcholine. Low dose atracurium/lidocaine may provide an acceptable alternative to succinylcholine for intubation in short outpatient procedures.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Nutritional Screening Initiative: meeting the nutritional needs of elders.

Nutritional factors are associated with at least 5 of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States. Older persons are especially vulnerable for nutritional problems, usually resulting from inappropriate (usually inadequate) intake of nutrients or increased need for nutrients. Nutritional assessment and interventions are sometimes overlooked in the focus on more complicated medical care. Yet there are many ways in which nurses can intervene to improve patients' nutritional status. One resource for organizing nutritional assessment and interventions is the Nutrition Screening Initiative. This multidisciplinary initiative provides useful guidelines and tools for assessing nutritional status and for planning the most appropriate interventions.

Aged↗