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Biomedical subjects

C Prys-Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to C Prys-Roberts.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Isoflurane.

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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

Infusions of minaxolone to supplement nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia. A comparison with althesin.

In 19 patients, minaxolone citrate, a water-soluble steroid anaesthetic agent, has been used as a continuous infusion to supplement nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The minimum infusion rate (MIR) was found to be 11.3 micrograms kg-1 min-1 for patients premedicated with morphine 10 mg i.m. and breathing spontaneously 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects were similar to those described in a previous study for Althesin administered under comparable conditions. Recovery from minaxolone was prolonged compared with Althesin, and this may be related both to the water-solubility of the drug, and to its greater apparent volume of distribution.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Alphadione and minaxolone pharmacokinetics.

Althesin (alphaxalone: alphadolone acetate) and the new water-soluble steroid intravenous anaesthetic agent minaxolone have been administered by continuous infusion to supplement nitrous oxide: oxygen anaesthesia in 20 patients. Plasma drug concentrations were estimated in blood samples taken during and following cessation of the infusion. In both group (Althesin: n = 11, minaxolone: n = 9), there was no evidence of drug accumulation within the plasma. The decay in the plasma drug concentrations after the infusion could be fitted to a bi-exponential equation, indicating that the steroids were distributed according to an open two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The prolonged recovery following minaxolone may be related to its water-solubility, and to a larger volume of distribution of the drug. Studies gas chromatography: mass spectrometry to analyse samples of blood and urine have confirmed than Althesin and minaloxone both undergo biotransformation in the body. Hepatic conjugation to glucuronic acid is of importance in the excretion of the lipophilic agent, Althesin.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1981

Studies on premedication and ventilatory responses to minaxolone.

The effect of three premedications on induction, maintenance and recovery characteristics of minaxolone as a supplement to nitrous oxide and oxygen anesthesia were studied in 70 patients. Morphine and atropine premedication provided superior operative conditions with fewer side-effects when compared with atropine alone or diazepam and atropine. Recovery was significantly longer after minaxolone compared with a similar group of patients given Althesin. The ventilatory responses to the induction of anesthesia with minaxolone were measured in 25 patients. All patients showed an increase in respiratory frequency and a decrease in tidal volume. This effect was most marked in the group premedicated with diazepam and atropine.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Enflurane in outpatient paediatric dental anaesthesia. A comparison with halothane.

Enflurane and halothane were compared as volatile supplements to nitrous oxide anaesthesia for 80 children presenting for outpatient dental extractions. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia were comparable and satisfactory with both agents, but recovery of consciousness was significantly quicker following enflurance anaesthesia. Full recovery from either enflurance or halothane was of similar duration.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1980

Steroid anaesthesia.

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Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1980

Minaxolone or Althesin supplemented by nitrous oxide. A study in anaesthesia for short operative procedures.

Minaxolone citrate, a new water-soluble steroid intravenous anaesthetic, has been compared with Althesin as an induction agent and subsequently intermittently supplemented by nitrous oxide and oxygen alone for anaesthesia for short surgical procedures. Short term recovery following Minaxolone was significantly slower than after Althesin, but 1 h after the end of anaesthesia, no differences could be detected between the two groups of patients. Minaxolone, given by intravenous increments to supplement nitrous oxide following an induction dose of 0.5 mg/kg, appears to provide satisfactory anaesthesia for short surgical procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Practical and pharmacological implications of continuous intravenous anesthesia.

The concept of continuous intravenous anesthesia is reviewed and the need for an index comparable to MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) for volatile and gaseous anesthetics is stressed. The pharmacokinetic requirements for an intravenous anesthetic for continuous infusion are stated, and the place of existing intravenous anesthetics is discussed.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1979

Plasma concentrations of alphaxalone during continuous infusion of Althesin.

Plasma concentrations of alphaxalone have been measured during various rates of continuous infusion of Althesin used to supplement nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia in man. There was an approximately linear relationship between the plasma concentration of alphaxalone and the rate of infusion of Althesin. The rate of uptake of alphaxalone into the liver did not appear to be impaired in the presence of the steroid myoneural blocking agent pancuronium, or in patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1979

Dose-related haemodynamic effects of continuous infusions of Althesin in man.

The cardiovascular effects of infusions of Althesin at various rates to supplement nitrous oxide anaesthesia have been studied in seven spontaneously breathing patients and11 patients ventilated artificially to normal PaCO2. During spontaneous breathing, increasing rates of Althesin infusion were associated with increases in heart rate and cardiac output. The modest decrease in arterial pressure (-5%) was the result of a decrease in vascular resistance. Increasing rates of Althesin rates of Althesin infusion (up to eight times the minimum infusion rate) caused dose-dependent decreases of arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance, whereas heart rate and cardiac output were increased slightly at all rates of infusion.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗