[The Association of Hospital Pathologists within the framework of the Society of Pathology of the Czech Republic].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Czech Republic↗
Biomedical subjects
C Povýsil
Publications and source records attributed to C Povýsil.
[Disorders of parathyroid function in patients on regular dialysis therapy and after kidney transplantation].
BACKGROUND: Parathyroids dysfunction is a key disorder in the spectrum of renal osteopathy, occurring after renal transplantation and, occasionally, after parathyroidectomy. In our subjects, dysfunction is understood as plus or minus activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Parathyroidectomy as the primary procedure was performed in 179 patients for all types of hyperparathyrodism. In 70% of cases the secondary hyperparathyroidism was treated, believed to be the most severe condition. Present assessment was focused on postoperative parathyroid hormone levels (pg/ml) in three groups of patients (n = 92). Group 1 with parathyroid gland autoimplants following total parathyroidectomy; Group 2 after partial or subtotal surgery; Group 3 after autologous implantation of cryopreserved parathyroid glands in severe hypoparathyroidism. Group 1 (32 dialysis and 9 non-dialysed patients): 228.9 vs 85.9 pg/ml; ns; hypofunction in 50% and in 33% respectively, afunction in 12.5% of dialysed patients, in non-dialysed patients it was not detected. Group 2 (25 dialysis and 24 non-dialysed patients): 603.3 vs 169.8 (pg/ml); p = 0.01; hypofunction in 16% and in 8% respectively, afunction was not detected. Complete groups 1 and 2 of patients: 197.5 vs 382.3 pg/ml (p = 0.0016). Dialysed patients in Group 1 and 2: 228.9 vs 603.3 pg/ml (p = 0.007); non-dialysed patients: 85.9 vs 169.8 pg/ml; ns. Group 3 (15 dialysed patients): 63.0; hypofunction and afunction in 40%. This group (63.0 pg/ml) vs Groups 1 and 2 of dialysed patients (p = 0.031 and 0.0004), respectively. Basic laboratory findings before operations of tertiary hyperparathyroidism were shown. CONCLUSIONS: After total parathyroidectomy with parathyroids autoimplantation, parathyroid hormone is acceptable to dialysis and non-dialysis patients. Partial parathyroidectomy prevents development of hypoparathyroidism. It is associated, however, with a risk because of hyperparathyrodism recurrence. Cryopreserved autologous parathyroids reach lower parathyroid levels compared with "fresh" parathyroid tissue autoimplants. Parathyroidectomy after successful renal transplantation may be indicated.
Adolescent↗
Development of hydrogel implants for urinary incontinence treatment.
Hydrogel implants for urinary incontinence treatment based on HEMA supplemented with 10% methacrylic acid have been developed. The swelling properties of implants were tested in vitro and in vivo after implantation to laboratory mice. Biocompatibility has been determined by incubation of implants in tissue culture, by histological examination of adjacent tissues after subcutaneous application of implants to laboratory mouse in a long-term experiment, and by flow cytometry examination of blood cells. The swelling of hydrogel implants was completed in 6-24 h. There was no effect on in vitro growth of cells incubated with implants. In mice, implants were well tolerated without any sign of inflammatory reaction. The material allows an elastic compression of urethra compensating a damaged sphincter after trans-urethral sub-mucosal implantation of hydrogel cylinders.
Animals↗
Metastatic MHC class I-negative mouse cells derived by transformation with human papillomavirus type 16.
In the endeavour to develop a model for studying gene therapy of cancers associated with human papillomaviruses (HPVs), mouse cells were transformed with the HPV type 16 (HPV16) and activated H-ras oncogenes. This was done by cotransfection of plasmid p16HHMo, carrying the HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes, and plasmid pEJ6.6, carrying the gene coding for human H-ras oncoprotein activated by the G12V mutation, into secondary C57BL/6 mouse kidney cells. An oncogenic cell line, designated MK16/1/IIIABC, was derived. The epithelial origin of the cells was confirmed by their expression of cytokeratins. No MHC class I and class II molecules were detected on the surface of MK16/1/IIIABC cells. Spontaneous metastases were observed in lymphatic nodes and lungs after prolonged growth of MK16/1/IIIABC-induced subcutaneous tumours. Lethally irradiated MK16/1/IIIABC cells induced protection against challenge with 10(5) homologous cells, but not against a higher cell dose (5 x 10(5)). Plasmids p16HHMo and pEJ6.6 were also used for preventive immunization of mice. In comparison with a control group injected with pBR322, they exhibited moderate protection, in terms of prolonged survival, against MK16/1/IIIABC challenge (P < 0.03). These data suggest that MK16/1/IIIABC cells may serve as a model for studying immune reactions against HPV16-associated human tumours.
Animals↗
CD 68 positivity of the so-called meconium corpuscles in human foetal intestine.
CD 68 antibodies are most frequently used as a reliable paraffin marker of histiocytes. The CD 68 clusters of antibodies recognize a 110-kDa glycoprotein associated with lysosomes and therefore these antibodies show visible reactivity with cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We observed distinct CD 68 positivity of granular intraepithelial inclusions in the small intestine of 12-week-old human foetuses. These PAS positive inclusions corresponded to the so-called meconium particles, whose lysosomal origin was confirmed by electron microscopy. Our new observation shows that CD 68 antibodies are specific mainly for organelles and not for a cell type and therefore the staining of epithelial cells containing lysosomes is possible.
Antigens, CD↗
[Effect of fibrin on osseointegration of bioactive glass-ceramic materials--experimental study].
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of the experimental study is to find out how fibrin influences the speed of osteiontegration of bioactive glass-ceramic materials BAS-O, BAS-HA, BAS-R (LASAK Prague, Czech Republic) and how it influences the response of live tissue at the implant-bone interface in the interval of 1-8 weeks. MATERIAL: Dense materials BAS-0 (glass-ceramics), BAS-HA (hydroxyapatite) and BAS-R (beta tricalcium phosphate) in the form of 0.6-1 mm granules were implanted in artificially created defects in tibia of an experimental animal with the addition of 0.1 ml of fibrin adhesive system Beriplast. Control implantation was performed with the addition of physiological solution. Materials BAS-HA and BAS-R were implanted in the same way in the ratio of 7:3, 8:2 and 9:1. Duration of exposure was 1-8 weeks. Radiographs of samples were taken by Mammograph and decalcified sections were coloured by toluidine blue and examined at 60 times and 120 times magnification. RESULTS: Surgical wounds were healed per primam. Radiographs of materials with the fibrin system showed clearly after one week defects and implants, after the third week part of the materials penetrated above the bone surface, after the fourth week there were evident signs of bone tissue formation between particles of BAS-HA, BAS-R and their mixtures. The most marked bone formation took place in the seventh and eighth weeks. With the use of glass-ceramics without fibrin the particles were after three weeks less clear, after the fourth week BAS-HA and BAS-R penetrated above the surface. A significant bone formation was obvious after the sixth and seventh weeks. There were no signs of resorption or fibrous encapsulating. Microscopic examination proved enveloping of particles of BAS-0 by fibrous tissue which was evident partially also after the eight week. With the use of fibrin the situation was analogical. In BAS-HA and BAS-R the finding in the first week was similar. With fibrin, there was after the third week a mature lamellar bone in the vicinity of granules and the fibrous interlayer disappeared. Neither positive nor negative impact of fibrin on the process of healing was found. With the application of BAS-R and fibrin system the bone tissue was after the third week more significant and trabeculae more bulky. The final result after eight weeks was the same: Ingrowth of the mixtures of the given materials proceeded in the same way. DISCUSSION: The applied glass-ceramic materials are used in the clinical practice. The speed of osteointegration depends on the quality of the bone bed, and on the tolerance of these materials by live tissue. Osteintegration can be accelerated by the use of growth factors or stem cells cultivated in the tissue culture. Fibrin which creates a network along which osteoblasts can migrate should have a similar quality. It seems that of decisive importance is the thickness of the fibrin layer around the implants. If this layer is thick glass-ceramics is enveloped more probably to fibrous tissue. In a thin layer the process is accelerated within the first three weeks. After a longer exposure the differences are not evident. Samples of BAS-HA and BAS-R, both applied separately and in a mixture, showed a marked bioactivity in the experiment. During eight weeks no signs were found of resorption which is typical of tricalcium phosphate in a longer time interval. CONCLUSION: In the experiment on an animal the fibrin adhesive system accelerated osteointegration of bioactive materials BAS-HA, BAS-R and their mixtures until the third week after the implantation. Small differences with the use of fibrin were adjusted within six weeks. Materials BAS-HA, BAS-R and their mixtures were completely osteointegrated. Glass-ceramics BAS-0 was partially enveloped by fibrous tissue, even with the use of fibrin adhesive system. During eight weeks no resorption of materials was found. The process of ingrowth can be seen on radiographs. X-ray picture of bone formation in BAS-HA, BAS-R correlates with the histological finding. The fibrin adhesive system facilitates manipulation with fine granules.
Animals↗
[Multihormonal and multifunctional hypophyseal adenoma and the acromegaly syndrome].
Woman 75-year-old treated 30 years for syndrome of acromegaly refused pituitary surgery and irradiation. Five years and nine months before death she had a colon carcinoma successfully removed. Multinodular hyperfunctional goitre was treated with carbimazole. For six last years of life corticosteroids were given as a replacement therapy. Her cause of death was the heart failure due to acromegalic heart disease. In autopsy a large intrasellar and extrasellar pituitary adenoma without rests of nonneoplastic tissue was found. Nevertheless the target peripheral endocrine glands except ovaries, were not atrophic. A multinodular goitre and diffuse adrenocortical hyperplasia were revealed. Histology, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that mot neoplastic cells were producing GH and ACTH, dispersly Prl, scattered cells were positive for beta-subunit of FSH, LH, TSH. Electron microscopy proved most of the cells to be densely granulated. We classify the adenoma according to the newly proposed WHO pituitary tumours classification (1) as plurihormonal, hyperfunctional, extrasellar, typical adenoma from densely granulated cells. We conclude that in plurihormonal adenomas with dominant (in the case referred acromegalic) symptomatology the additional hormonal production should be monitored as a possible source of important complications.
Acromegaly↗
[Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor of soft tissues and bone].
Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor is a rare lesion which has been reported only in the dermis and subcutis so far. We present two cases in this location and an additional one localized in the proximal epiphysis of the tibia. A case with crural location showed predominance of plexiform tumorous nodes with fibrohistiocytic arrangement. The nodes were composed of spindle-shaped myofibroblasts with admixture of histiocytes and giant multinucleated osteoclast-like cells. In another case the tumor of axillary soft tissues featured mostly plexiform bundles of spindle-shaped myofibroblast-like cells reacting positively with actin and CD 68 antibodies; ultrastructurally, they contained numerous dense lysosomal inclusions with myelin figures. The bone tumor was composed of hyalinized fibroblastic component with disperse fibrohistiocytic nodes. Despite a semimalignant character of the lesion there was no recurrence in our cases during the 2-6 year postoperative period.
Adult↗
[Reconstruction of the lower urinary tract in women after cystectomy].
BACKGROUND: The first extirpation of the urinary bladder on account of malignant papilomatosis was carried out by Karel Pawlik in 1889 as the first one in the world. At present cystectomy is indicated usually because of an infiltrating carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The objective of the present paper is, based on anatomical investigations, elaboration of a surgical technique of creating a orthotopic neovesica following cystectomy sparing a functional female urethra. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 1993-1998 32 women were operated within the age bracket of 32-72 years with a confirmed infiltration carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The authors describe in detail their own surgical technique. Day continence was achieved in 20 patients. Twelve patients suffer from stress incontinence. Eight patients have a post-micturition residue of 250-300 ml calling for a combination of medicamentous treatment and autocatheterization. The capacity of the neovesicle is the cause of nycturia: 21 patients must micturate once or twice during the night. Urodynamic studies did not reveal significant differences between patients with chronic post-miction residues and without residues. Also the mean functional length of the urethra was in both groups similar (27 mm in patients with a residue and 26.2 mm in patients without a residue). CONCLUSIONS: The elaborated surgical technique of cystectomy and creation of a neovesica makes a good quality of the patients' life possible.
Adult↗
[Overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of bone metastases].
The author presents a review on the most frequently encountered sources of malignant secondaries in bones, on their sites and their possible detection. Part of the review deals with the mechanism of deposition of metastatizing elements in bones and explains the basic sources of tumourous osteolysis. Finally the author mentions some recent trends as regards approaches to treatment of bone metastases.
Bone Neoplasms↗
[Effect of growth hormone on the structure of bone spongiosa in rats].
Changes in bone spongiosa, which follow after administration of growth hormone (GH) are described differently. Histomorphometrically processed value of bone trabecular volume is found higher or lower than normal. In this study, changes of rat bone spongiosa after administration of GH or bisphosphonate pamidronate were followed. The authors found statistically significant widening of histomorphometric parameter of trabecular thickness, but histomorphometrically assessed values of trabecular bone volume were not statistically different from normal rat bones. The structure of spongiosa is changed, the density of trabecular bone is diminished. The hypothesis of trabecular bone increase after GH administration together with resorption blocking agent (pamidronate) was not confirmed. GH causes widening of bone trabeculae. Pamidronate has no influence on bone histomorphometry in this case.
Animals↗
[Effect of growth hormone and other hormones on trabecular bone structure in acromegaly].
The influence of growth hormone upon trabecular bone remodelation is not definitely clear. The authors of this study compared static and dynamic histomorphometric data of bone patterns of 28 numbered group of acromegalics and 35 numbered group of healthy individuals. They correlated also levels of growth hormone, thyroxine, prolactin and testosterone in men with histomorphometric parameters in acromegalic patients. The results showed statistically significant differences between normal and acromegalic trabecular bone, which has comparable trabecular volume, but significantly wider bone trabeculae and lower mean trabecular density. There were no correlations found between growth hormone levels and levels of thyroxine, prolactin, measured testosterone and histomorphometric parameters.
Acromegaly↗
[Duration of the effect of growth hormone on spongious bone].
The influence of duration of growth hormone action (length of history of acromegaly) upon acromegalic trabecular bone histology was followed in 28 biopted active acromegalics. The histology of trabecular bone was standardized by histomorphometric parameters. No statistically significant relation between length of acromegalic history and any of measured histomorphometric parameters (trabecular volume, trabecular thickness, absolute osteoid volume and osteoid surface) was found. The reason of this finding is probably consequence of serum growth hormone level, which changes during period of history in each acromegalic patient. With aim to find out if growth hormone influences bone histomorphometry of acromegalics after causal treatment (removal of hypophyseal adenoma causing overproduction of growth hormone), the comparison of histomorphometry from bone bioptic patterns of six active acromegalics with their bone patterns average 9.3 years after hypophyseal operation was done. With the exception of one eugonadal woman, all acromegalics were hypogonadal in time of second biopsy. Nevertheless no statistically significant differences between histomorphometric data (trabecular volume, trabecular thickness, surface and absolute volume of osteoid) were found. With knowledge of fact that there is low number of rebiopted acromegalics, these results could support idea of protective action of growth hormone upon trabecular bone of acromegalics during nine years after treatment.
Acromegaly↗
Characterization of the differentiated phenotype of an organotypic model of skin derived from human keratinocytes and dried porcine dermis.
A number of skin models have been developed, but a simple method for rapidly producing large quantities of differentiated epidermis has been missing. We show the differentiated phenotype of human keratinocytes in organotypic culture arising in vitro by air-exposure of keratinocytes cultured with feeders on dried pig dermis. Keratinocytes were seeded at low density on the dermis covered with irradiated NIH-3T3 feeder cells and after reaching confluence lifted to the air-medium interface. A well differentiated epidermis with distinct basal, spinous, granular and stratum corneum layers was formed within 1 week. In this way, 100 cm2 of the differentiated recombined human/pig skin (D-RHPS) can be obtained from 106 secondary keratinocytes in 14 days. The entire keratinocyte life cycle takes place on the dermal substrate - from single cells to stratified epidermis. The differentiation was characterized using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Similarly as in the normal skin, keratin 14 was expressed in all cell layers, keratin 10 in suprabasal layers, beta1-integrin and epitopes to antibody LH8 in the basal layer, involucrin and transglutaminase in the granular and horny layer of the epidermis. Keratins 16 and 7/17, which are absent in the normal epidermis, but present suprabasally in the psoriatic one, were expressed strongly in all suprabasal layers and in a subpopulation of basal cells. The keratinocytes can be combined with two other cell types cultured either on the dermal side of the dermis and/or on the bottom of the dish. It appears that this simple skin model can be used in studies of epithelial/mesenchymal interactions and interactions between epidermal cells and infectious agents. It may be particularly useful for the study of human papilloma viruses.
3T3 Cells↗
Clonal expansion of epithelial cells from primary human breast carcinoma with 3T3 feeder layer technique.
3T3 feeder layer technique provided support for clonal growth and serial propagation of two apparently single epithelial cells isolated from a peroperative biopsy of a primary ductal breast carcinoma. The total culture lifetime was estimated to be more than 30 doublings, 21 of which took place during the primary culture. The two cells were the only survivors of two-week exposure to stressing conditions that resembled the microenvironment in a tumour (low pH, depleted nutrition and accumulation of metabolic waste). The epithelial character of the cells was proved by positive immunostaining for keratins 7/17. The majority of growing cells did not express keratin 19. Only quiescent cells in some colonies, which appeared to reach a more advanced stage of differentiation, expressed keratin 19. These features correspond with the characteristics of mammary luminal cells which in vivo undergo differentiation from the stem K19- to secretory K19+ cells. The luminal cells are supposed to be the target of malignant transformation in the mammary gland. The described technique opens a regular way for the in vitro clonal growth of individual primary cells from breast tumours. Such an approach can improve our understanding of the biology of breast cancer cell populations and also simplify the predictive chemosensitivity assay on breast cancer cells from individual patients.
3T3 Cells↗
[Desmoplastic fibroblastoma].
We report a light microscopic and ultrastructural appearance, and immunohistochemical profile of two benign tumours of soft tissue recently designated as desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma). The tumours were located in the foot and well demarcated. Microscopically, they were composed of stellate--or spindle--shaped cells embedded in a hypovascular fibrous of fibromyxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical examination showed that tumours were diffusely positive for vimentin and focaly positive for smooth muscle actin and muscle specific actin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had features of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts.
Female↗
[DNA image cytometry in urothelial carcinomas. A pilot study of a new application module of the Lucia G DNA analysis system].
OBJECTIVE: To introduce and test a standardized measurement protocol for DNA image cytometry into a newly developed LUCIA G system application program. Contribution to a discussion concerning the possibility of using the histology sections for DNA image cytometry. STUDY DESIGN: Routine biopsy material from 18 urinary bladder cancer cases was analyzed (Grade 1: n = 6, Grade 2: n = 6, Grade 3: n = 6), both in histological and in cytoseparated preparations. More than one hundred diagnostic and more than 30 reference cells were measured. DNA features (mean DNA value, 2cDI, Böcking's grade of malignancy) and histogram types in Auer's classification (AI-IV) were compared. RESULTS: Most carcinomas measured were aneuploid (two thirds G1, all G2, G3). The most common histogram type was A IV. Malignancy grade was mostly slightly higher in cytoseparated material, the shape of the histogram was analogous. Two carcinomas looking euploid in histology sections were proven aneuploid in cytoseparation. CONCLUSION: More convenient tissue section measurement provided useful DNA profile information in most cases. Those without proven aneuploidy should be additionally measured in cytoseparations. An experienced pathologist meeting strictly measurement protocol demands is an important part of the measurement system.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
[Adenosarcoma of the uterus in a 19-year-old patient].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adenosarcoma↗