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C Poole

Publications and source records attributed to C Poole.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Exposure opportunity in case-control studies.

Efficient control of confounding is well recognized as a legitimate motive for restriction, matching, and conditional analysis in case-control studies. Some investigators, however, have advocated use of the same techniques for another purpose: to achieve a balance of "opportunity" or "potential" for past exposure between cases and controls. This paper shows that disparities of exposure opportunity between cases and controls exert no bias on estimates of the incidence rate ratio. The precision of rate ratio estimates is lessened when case-control studies are reduced in size by the exclusion of people with no opportunity for exposure. Matching and conditional analysis with respect to indicators of exposure opportunity also reduce precision without enhancing validity. Such indicators, which are correlates of exposure but not determinants of disease, are not confounders; therefore, they do not need to be controlled in the design or analysis of case-control studies.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1984

Ta1, a novel 105 KD human T cell activation antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody.

By using a murine monoclonal antibody produced against an IL 2-dependent human T cell line, we defined a T lineage-specific molecule, termed Ta1, that is expressed strongly on activated T lymphocytes of both the T4 and T8 subsets, as well as on T cell lines and clones, but only weakly on a fraction of resting T cells. SDS-PAGE analysis of immunoprecipitates from 125I-labeled, activated T cells demonstrates a single major band of apparent m.w. 105 KD under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Unlike anti-IL 2 receptor antibodies, anti-Ta1 does not inhibit T cell proliferative responses to mitogen, antigen, or IL 2-containing medium. Moreover, anti-Ta1 has no effect on T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Ta1 appears to be a novel human T cell-specific activation antigen that may serve as a useful marker of T cell activation in human disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hospital association libraries: an overview.

Results of a survey conducted by the Library of the American Hospital Association to gather data about library and information services provided by other hospital associations are reported. Topics covered include staffing, funding, collection size, users, and services. The interface of these libraries with other health sciences libraries and the national Biomedical Communications Network (BCN) is discussed.

American Hospital Association↗
PubMed1980

Blood lead levels in Papua New Guinea children living in remote area.

Improved contamination-free micro blood sampling and chemical analysis techniques were used to study the lead in blood (Pb--B) levels in 100 Papua New Guinea children living in a remote area. Six soil samples from different locations in the area were also chemically analysed as a check on environmental conditions. The mean value for Pb--B was 5.2 micrograms/100 ml with a range of 1.0--13.0 microgram/100 ml. The standard deviation was 2.5 micrograms/100 ml. The results indicate much lower Pb--B levels for children living in a remote area than the earlier commonly reported levels for similar areas. These results indicate a need to reappraise the comparisons often made with Pb--B levels for urban children.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Congenital bilateral subclavian steal: ductus-dependent symptoms in interrupted aortic arch associated with ventricular septal defect.

There are two types of congenital bilateral subclavian steal. The first type is accompanied by severe coarctation or interruption of the aorta in which both the right and left subclavian arteries have their origin distal to the obstruction in the aorta. In most cases with complete interruption of the aorta there is a large ventricular septal defect. The second, less common type of steal is associated with isolated atresia of the proximal segment of the subclavian arteries. In the first type of steal, the anatomic predisposition for the steal is present from birth but clinical symptoms frequently do not appear until childhood or adolescence. In the newborn the presence of a widely patent duclus arteriosus and its capacity to transmit the flow and pressure from a hypertensive pulmonary artery to the descending aorta and thus to the subclavian arteries prevents cerebral symptoms and angiographic signs, but in the older infant and child, the internal diameter of the ductus has usually decreased, leading to symptoms of the subclavian steal syndrome.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1976

Contraception and the adolescent female.

Although most teenagers have some knowledge of birth control methods, most sexually active adolescents do not use one consistently. Some young women are too apathetic or irresponsible to use birth control, even if the method is available. However, most teenagers do not want to become pregnant. If factual information is given, the method is easily accessible and is acceptable to them, and if they have come to terms with their own sexuality, most young women will accept the responsibility of preventing an unwanted pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Cognitive and nonverbal perceptual processing in dyslexics.

A sample of 33 dyslexic and 33 control children were compared on tasks involving visual matching with spatial transformation (VMST), tactual serial matching (TSM), visual sequential memory (VSM), and auditory sequential memory (ASM). Contrary to expectation, the dyslexics performed at the same level as controls on VMST. This result was not explicable as a floor or ceiling effect and was considered evidence that dyslexics do not suffer impairment in visual spatial transformation ability per se. Dyslexics were not significantly different on TSM, but were inferior to controls on VSM and ASM.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Empirical-Bayes and semi-Bayes approaches to occupational and environmental hazard surveillance.

Empirical-Bayes methods offer potentially dramatic improvements in statistical accuracy over conventional statistical methods. We provide an elementary introduction to empirical-Bayes analysis of occupational and environmental hazard surveillance data. Such analyses are especially well suited to situations in which many associations must be examined, but few or none can be estimated precisely. Statistical issues in hazard surveillance are reviewed, followed by a discussion of the rationale and methods for empirical-Bayes analyses, using a study of occupational exposures and cancer mortality to illustrate key concepts. Finally, the assumptions underlying empirical-Bayes analyses are discussed critically, with special attention to the "exchangeability" assumptions that distinguish empirical-Bayes from conventional methods.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educating new labor and delivery room nurses.

Nurses who are new to the labor and delivery area need a foundation in maternal-newborn theory before beginning clinical practice. A model for a two-week, theory course for nurses orienting to the labor and delivery area is presented.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of urinary dipstix in children with high-risk renal tracts.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common acute illnesses found in infants and children and up to 5% of girls and 1% of boys will experience one or more episodes. Bables and children with abnormal renal tracts are at risk of developing scarred kidneys as a result of recurrent UTI, leading to an increased risk of hypertension and end-stage renal failure in later life. It seems logical, therefore, to place high priority on the early detection, prompt treatment and adequate follow up of children with high-risk renal tracts. This article describes the use of home urine testing for the early detection of UTI in children with high-risk renal tracts.

Child↗