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Biomedical subjects

C Picard

Publications and source records attributed to C Picard.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetic study of 14C-radiolabelled elliptinium acetate in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

The pharmacokinetics of 14C-labelled elliptinium acetate (Celiptium) was studied in 3 patients with metastatic breast cancer after a 1-h intravenous infusion of the drug at the dose of 100 mg/m2. Total radioactivity measurements were done in plasma, urine and faeces over 120 h. Plasma peak concentration of radioactivity reached during the infusion was 1.6 +/- 0.2 micrograms eq/ml. A comparison with previously published results showed a high ratio of plasma total radioactivity to unchanged drug levels. This could indicate a fast metabolic transformation of the drug. Radioactivity profile in plasma reincreased 8 h after the infusion, strongly suggesting a contribution of biliary radiolabelled metabolites to an enterohepatic cycle. This phenomenon was not observed on the plasma curve of unchanged drug levels, thus indicating that the drug itself and its known conjugates (glucuronide and cysteinyl derivatives) contributed only to a minor extent to the enterohepatic circulation of the drug. More than 70% of radioactivity was recovered in urine and faeces during 120 h for two of the three patients, and fecal excretion appeared to be the major route of elimination of the drug in humans.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1988

[The cost of care related to AIDS at the Henri Mondor Hospital].

A retrospective analysis of the cost of hospital care related to AIDS was undertaken at Henri Mondor hospital, Créteil, to prepare the hospital budget for 1988. Eight representative cases of the type of medical care were thoroughly evaluated with inventories of all direct expenses (medico-technical, pharmaceutical, accommodation) incurred between the first hospital admission of each patient and June 1987 or the patient's death. The study comprises 17 hospital stays of over 24 hours or 439 days of diagnosis and treatment. The total daily direct expenditure varied from 979 to 1119 FF/day (depending on whether the drug Zidovudine was used), that is to say an increase of 7 to 23% compared with the previous average daily cost in the same hospital unit (909 FF/day). The density of personnel is lower than recommended for units receiving patients with advanced AIDS. This lack of personnel is responsible for an underevaluation of total cost of about 10%. Should the number of admissions with this disease increase, the hospital personnel budget would suffer the most, even if hospital admission for AIDS continues to substitute for other decreased or abandoned activities and do not therefore appear in total overexpenditure.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Plasma exchange in polyradiculoneuritis in AIDS].

Plasma exchange was used in three cases of peripheral neuropathy of polyradiculoneuritis type in patients with AIDS. The neurologic lesion in the first case was due to a cytomegalovirus, and plasma exchange appeared to provide additional benefits (to antiviral treatment) during the first attack of polyradiculoneuritis. The peripheral neurologic disorders were probably related to the HIV itself in the other two cases, and plasma exchange was carried out only briefly because of the seriousness of the situation, which was unaffected. Although plasma exchange is possible, if particular technical precautions are taken, in patients with AIDS, the present series is too small for valid scientific evaluation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Rapid enzymatic degradation of [125I] (Tyr 10) FGF (1-10) by serum in vitro and involvement in the determination of circulating FGF by RIA.

In the conditions used in the RIA procedure for circulating FGF quantitation, the tracer [125I] (Tyr 10) FGF (1-10) was extensively degraded into two non immunoreactive peptides corresponding to a sequential removal of two amino acid residues at the NH2-terminus i.e. Pro and Ala. A FGF like immunoreactive fraction exists in serum the molecular weight of which was estimated to be 240 Kda. This fraction was also able to perform the same extensive degradation of (Tyr 10) FGF (1-10) than whole serum. The results presented raise the question of the validity of RIA for the determination of circulating FGF. They also present evidence that a high molecular weight serum fraction which reacts as immunoreactive FGF is an enzymatic activity responsible for biodegradation of the growth factor rather than a distinct biological entity which is related to the FGF structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Technetium-99m DTPA aerosol and gallium scanning in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

In 11 non-smoking AIDS patients suspected of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), the results of Tc-99m DTPA aerosol clearances, gallium scans, and arterial blood gases were compared with those of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Nine patients had PCP. All had increased clearances five times higher than the normal (5.6 +/- 2.3% X min-1 vs 1.1 +/- 0.34% X min-1, N = 10, P less than 0.001), suggesting an increased alveolar permeability. Gallium scans were abnormal in six patients but normal or slightly abnormal in the three others. Four of these nine patients had normal chest x-rays. In two of these the gallium scan was abnormal, but in the two others, only the increased Tc-99m DTPA clearances showed evidence of lung disease. Two patients had normal BAL, with normal clearances and gallium scans. Four out of the nine patients with PCP were studied after treatment. Three recovered and had normal clearance and gallium scans. One still had PCP with increased clearance but normal gallium scan. Gallium scanning and Tc-99m DTPA clearance are useful for detecting lung disease in AIDS patients with suspected PCP and for prompting BAL when chest x-rays and PaO2 levels are normal. Due to its high sensitivity, a normal Tc-99m DTPA clearance could avoid BAL.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Incomplete spontaneous rupture of the supravalvular aorta complicated by pericarditis and aortic insufficiency].

The natural history of an incomplete spontaneous rupture of the ascending aorta over a 4-year period is reported. The initial presentation was subacute pericarditis which regressed spontaneously. Aortic regurgitation developed on the 100th day of the disease and was perfectly well tolerated haemodynamically for 4 years. This favourable course was interrupted by type I aortic dissection. The post-mortem examination provided an explanation for the peculiar development and course of the aortic regurgitation: it was due not to the usual prolapse of the cups but to displacement of the left posterior commissure by the retractile fibrosis arising from the lower lip of the spontaneous rupture.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Epitope diversity of angiotensin II analysed with monoclonal antibodies.

The antigenic heterogeneity of angiotensin II (AII) was studied with monoclonal antibodies. Twelve antibodies were produced and characterized. Association constants for AII varied from 1.2 X 10(8) to 1.1 X 10(10) M-1. The fine specificity of the Mab was studied by immunoenzymoassay using solid-phase AII. Using AII analogues in binding inhibition experiments, three groups of specificity could be characterized: (1) five antibodies reacted only with peptides in which phenylalanine is the carboxy terminal aminoacid; for two of these antibodies, tyrosine4 is closely associated with the binding site, since iodine labelling suppresses reactivity; (2) two antibodies also required phenylalanine in position 8, but, in addition, reacted with AI, a decapeptide in which phenylalanine is not terminal; (3) five antibodies reacted with analogues in which phenylalanine had been substituted for another amino acid. In addition, studies in which binding of a biotinylated Mab to solid-phase AII was analysed in the presence of various unlabelled Mab suggest further antigenic heterogeneity of AII.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1986

[Early surgery of intracranial aneurysms].

In spite of scientific progress during the last two decades, microsurgery, neuroanesthesiology, and a better knowledge of the pathophysiology of cerebral vasospasm, the outcome of subarachnoid hemorrhage (S.A.H.) patients remains very poor. Each year, 28,000 North Americans are afflicted. Eighteen thousand of these patients will either die or become severely debilitated, a mortality morbidity of 64%. Only one patient out of five may return to the premorbid state. International cooperative studies report that the highest rate of rebleeding occurs during the first 24 hours post S.A.H. There is no rebound phenomenon during the 7th-8th day post S.A.H. Cerebral vasospasm begins during the 2d-4th day post S.A.H. and reaches its peak around the 8th day post bleed. Antifibrinolytics like AMICAR (aminocaproic acid) do not reduce significantly the rebleeding rate. In most of the cases the therapeutic level of these drugs is reached only on the third or fourth day of treatment. Hence antifibrinolytics are inactive during the first crucial seventy two hours. Antifibrinolytics increase the incidence of vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and thromboembolic phenomenon. At Infant Jesus Hospital, Quebec City, S.A.H. patients are operated on early since more than two years. Patients included in this study were admitted between January 1983 and December 1984. One hundred and thirty six patients were operated upon, 22 patients operated on acutely, less than 72 hours post S.A.H. Evaluation of these patients included the Glasgow Coma Scale (G.C.S.), the grade according to Botterell classification, a CT Scan, and angiography. A preoperative evaluation included Botterell classification and G.C.S., a post operative evaluation was performed during the first and seventh post operative days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Discovery of the first human stereotactic instrument.

It has been uncovered that the first human stereotactic instrument was designed around 1918, but was never put to human use. It was designed after the Horsley-Clarke animal apparatus by an engineer, Aubrey Mussen. The history surrounding that historical event is revealed in a series of letters between the engineer and his son some years later.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1983

The first human stereotaxic apparatus. The contribution of Aubrey Mussen to the field of stereotaxis.

The first human stereotaxic apparatus was probably built in London, England, around 1918 to the specifications of Aubrey Mussen, a neuroanatomist and neurophysiologist who had worked with Clarke. The recent acquisition by the Montreal Neurological Institute of Mussen's original apparatus prompts this report on the salient points of his career, and summary of his early contributions to stereotaxy.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1983

Sensory cortical tongue representation in man.

Extensive data on cortical tongue representation were analyzed in 100 patients who underwent craniotomy and cortical mapping by electrical stimulation for surgical treatment of epilepsy. As noted in the literature, the tongue is extensively represented within the central nervous system with a highly organized sensorimotor system and the data from this study corroborate a large cortical representation of the human tongue over the postcentral gyrus. The tongue was found to have a clear somatotopic organization over the postcentral area and to be represented bilaterally to a significant degree. Furthermore, the tongue appears to have an asymmetrical sensory cortical representation, as cerebral dominance for speech is more extensively represented on the dominant hemisphere. Cortical tongue mapping has proved extremely useful in determining the point of junction of the central and Sylvian sulci, a crucial landmark during surgical cortical resections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Bromocriptine compared to long-acting estrogens in lactation prevention: clinical efficacy, prolactin secretion and coagulation parameters.

Sixty-eight mothers who did not want to breast-feed their babies were submitted to one of the following regimes: an intramuscular injection of estrogen (25 mg) within 1 h after delivery (n = 24) or the administration of bromocriptine for 15 or 23 days (n = 21 and 23, respectively). A careful clinical evaluation was performed every day by the same examiner during the first 7 days postpartum; blood samples were collected on days 0, 3 and 5 for human prolactin (hPRL) and estradiol, also in some cases on day 17; assays were measured by radioimmunoassay. An evaluation of the coagulation parameters was performed on day 5 in 9 estrogen-treated patients and in 25 bromocriptine-treated patients. Only 5 (11%) out of the 44 patients treated with bromocriptine experienced at least one undesirable effect of breast engorgement, in contrast to 16 (67%) out of the 24 estrogen-treated patients; this difference was statistically highly significant (P less than 0.001). Dizziness was a significant side-effect of bromocriptine treatment, occurring in 20% of the cases. In the patients in whom the administration of bromocriptine was withdrawn after 15 days, a significant mean rebound elevation of hPRL levels above the normal range occurred on the 17th day. The latter observation gives some support to earlier proposals to continue bromocriptine for up to a total 3 wk in order to avoid rebound lactation. There was no significant alteration of fibrinogen, Howell time, activated partial thromblastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time and coagulation time; mean plasminogen levels were comparable in both treated groups, while mean antithrombin III levels were increased in the bromocriptine-treated group. The significance of the latter finding requires further evaluation.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1981

[Echographic diagnosis of fetal urinary malformations (author's transl)].

Echotomography performed during the last third of the pregnancy is able to demonstrate congenital malformation of the urinary tract in the foetus. Two main types of malformations can be distinguished from a practical point of vue : the obstructive uropathies (hydronephrosis, megaureters, urethral valves) and non obstructive malformations (multicystic kidneys, polycystic disease). It is mainly in the first group that early knowledge of the malformation will allow earlier surgical correction, hopefully before infectious complications develop.

Female↗