Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to C Pflugshaupt.
The severity of acne correlates with the quotient of triglycerides to free fatty acids in sebum. This quotient increases during systemic therapy with doxycycline, while the clinical picture of the disease improves.
In the main this first part of a review of the literature was already published 10 years ago. Here the importance of urea in the normal and diseased skin and its various dermopharmacologic properties is dealth with. For the time being the publications of the seventies are given special attention. In them particularly the utilization of the keratolytic and hydrating properties, i.e. water-binding capacity, of urea in the horny layer and also its significance in the treatment of hyperkeratosis and xerotic dermatosis without serious side effects is emphasized.
Publications from the last few years on urea in dermatology are discussed comprehensively as supplement to a review article which was published 10 years ago.
With dermal preparations the therapeutic effect of the active ingredient is considerably influenced by factors such as the properties of the base and the type and conditions of the skin. In this respect, the correlation between the effect of the bases and the acuteness of the disease is the following: the more acute the disease, the more important the base and the less important the active ingredient. For dermal preparations there is consequently a therapeutic need for a differentiated spectrum of suitable bases. The choice of the appropriate vehicle plays a considerable role in the success of the treatment. The criteria for the selection of suitable vehicles are discussed on the basis of various examples.
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Chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum and spinach chloroplasts contain firmly bound ATP that is rapidly labeled along with ADP in the presence of 32Pi and endogenous nucleotides. The labeling is not entirely dependent on light. In chloroplasts three types of bound ATP can be defined methodologically by their extraction properties: buffer-soluble; acid-soluble; and SDS-soluble or firmly bound ATP. Extensive washing of the chloroplasts does reduce buffer-soluble but not acid-soluble and firmly bound ATP. Buffer-soluble [32P] ATP is almost exclusively gamma labeled while acid-soluble and firmly bound ATP are labeled in the beta and gamma position equally. CCCP, desaspidin, and phlorizin do not inhibit the labeling of firmly bound ATP, whereas the phosphorylation is almost abolished. However, EDTA and NEM pretreatments of the chloroplasts affect both reactions similarly. The postillumination [32P] ATP synthesis with chromatophores can be inhibited by adding ATP to the incubation mixture after illumination if 32Pi is included only during the dark incubation, but is without effect if 32Pi is present only during illumination. On the other hand, ADP added after illumination inhibits post-illumination [32P] ATP formation in both chromatophores and chloroplasts only if 32Pi is present during illumination. The data can be explained by a coupling factor having two sites, as proposed previously on the basis that firmly bound ATP does not transfer its phosphoryl group but seems to drive a synthesis of acid-soluble ATP which incorporates free phosphate.
Chloroplast membranes contain firmly bound nucleotides. Their synthesis seems not to be dependent on energy. The amount of labelled firmly bound ATP extracted from membranes after incubation in the light of the presence of 32Pi is only slightly affected by uncouplers such as desapidin and CCCP or energy transfer inhibitors as phlorizin at concentrations where steady state phosphorylation is completely abolished. With Dio-9 or NEM, however, the labelling of firmly bound ATP is lowered to a similar extent as the steady state phosphorylation. These effects can be explained assuming a direct modification of the coupling factor. The results of a two stage incubation experiment using a rapid filtration technique support our earlier hypothesis that the gammaP in the liberated ATP does not origin from the previously built phosphorylated intermediate.