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Biomedical subjects

C Pedersen

Publications and source records attributed to C Pedersen.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

HIV neutralizing antibodies: development and association with HIV related disease.

Serum neutralization was measured in 72 sera collected during a 5.5-year period from 10 HIV infected individuals. Neutralizing antibodies (NA) were present in all sera. NA titers ranging from greater than 40 to greater than 640 were detected in sera from 4 patients, who all remained healthy and further an increase with time of NA was observed in these 4 patients. Progression to disease was observed in 3 persons with NA titers less than or equal to 40 who also lacked or lost anti-gag antibodies. Two of these patients were HIV antigenaemic prior to development of disease, whereas antigen was not detected in the remaining 7 healthy persons. A weak positive correlation (R(S) = +0.643, p less than 0.001) was found between titers of NA and whole virus antibody (WVA), with the ratios between titers (NA titer/WVA titer) varying a 100-fold. The results suggest that the presence of NA in some cases might be related to a healthy carrier state and that a combination of low titer NA with decline of anti-gag antibodies and/or HIV antigenaemia is associated with progression to clinical disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Serological markers of primary HIV infection.

39 persons with an incidentally discovered seroconversion from HIV antibody negative (Ab-) to antibody positive (Ab+) state as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were investigated for the presence of (1) HIV antigen (Ag) and (2) immunoblotting test (IBT) Ab in serum samples collected within the year before seroconversion. 13 (33%) of the patients were HIV Ag+ at some time before seroconversion. However, the collection of samples was not done systematically and the samples from patients who had at least 1 sample collected within 3 months before seroconversion were thus compiled separately. This group consisted of 58 samples from 19 patients and among these none were HIV Ag+ earlier than 11 weeks before seroconversion, but the prevalence of HIV Ag+ samples was rising towards seroconversion and 10 patients (53%, 95% confidence limits: 29-76%) became HIV Ag+ in this 11-week period. Further, among all patients 13 (33%) were IBT Ab+ 4-50 days (median: 14 days) before seroconversion. Finally, among 18 patients with signs and symptoms consistent with an acute HIV infection 10 were HIV Ag+, as opposed to 4 HIV Ag+ patients among 21 without symptoms (p = 0.041).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Zidovudine treatment of AIDS and ARC in Denmark 1987.

In 1987, a total of 138 Danish patients (94 AIDS and 44 ARC) received treatment with zidovudine, a total observation period of 572 treatment months. 15 AIDS and 1 ARC patient died after a median of 70 days (range 2-295). In the ARC group 4 patients developed AIDS (3 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1 Kaposi's sarcoma). Among the AIDS patients 38 new opportunistic infections were reported. 24 of these opportunistic infections occurred within 6 weeks after treatment initiation. 79 patients were observed for more than 3 months, 25 of these had their daily dose zidovudine reduced, usually from 1,200 mg to 600 mg, 9 others were temporarily off drug. HIV antigen was analyzed in serum samples from 93 patients. Of these, 28 (52%) of 54 initially HIV antigen-positive became antigen-negative, 7 (18%) of 39 initially HIV antigen-negative became antigen-positive within the first 8 weeks of zidovudine treatment. In 57 patients the total count of CD4+ cells were evaluated. A significant increase in the number of CD4+ cells was observed during treatment. In nearly all patients an increase in MCV and a decrease in neutrophil count was observed. 44 of the patients received a total of 307 blood transfusions on 94 occasions and 19 (14%) patients required multiple transfusions. The mortality among the AIDS patients was significantly lower compared to historical controls. In our experience zidovudine treatment is reasonably well tolerated and the side effects are manageable.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

The outcome of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Danish patients with AIDS.

A total of 100 consecutive patients with AIDS were evaluated for efficacy and safety of treatment and secondary prophylaxis directed against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). 89 episodes of PCP were recorded in 75 patients. 63 of the 75 patients (84%) with a first episode of PCP were discharged. Of 72 patients with a first episode of PCP who were initially treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. 76% completed therapy successfully. Side effects were common, but generally mild and tolerated during continued treatment. 7/11 patients (64%) with a first episode of PCP who required mechanical ventilation were discharged. Long term prognosis for these patients was not worse than for patients who did not require mechanical ventilation. Relapse of PCP occurred in 3/50 patients (6%) during secondary prophylaxis, 160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) every 24 h, compared to 11/16 (69%) patients who were not receiving prophylaxis (p less than 0.00001). No patients discontinued prophylaxis because of side effects. It is concluded that for most patients with AIDS and PCP, treatment and secondary prophylaxis with TMP-SMZ is safe and effective.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Markers of human immunodeficiency virus infection in high-risk individuals seronegative by first generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A total of 228 stored serum samples from 140 high risk individuals was examined for serological markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblot, and HIV antigen assay. All the samples were negative in first generation enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Seventy-four of the serum samples had been obtained from 40 sexual partners of HIV antibody positive individuals. Two of the samples were reactive for p24 in immunoblot, but no other markers of HIV infection were found. From 80 sexually active male homosexuals, 117 serum samples were obtained. They were all negative by the tests employed. Further, 37 serum samples from 20 seroconverters were studied. Four patients had antigenaemia 6-12 months before seroconversion was detected by first generation ELISA. Our data do not support the notion that serological signs of HIV infection are common in high risk individuals seronegative by first generation ELISA. However, HIV infection do occur in subjects negative by first generation ELISA, which emphasises the need for more sensitive screening assays and/or the use of antigen detection as part of screening in high risk individuals. The advent of second generation ELISAs has not in a substantial way reduced this demand.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1989

The value of lymph node histology in human immunodeficiency virus related persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.

Histological changes in lymph nodes were evaluated in a prospective study of 124 homosexual men who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy. The histological changes were classified according to a classification system with three stages. HIV antibodies were present in 88% of the patients. The finding of one of the three histopathological stages was highly indicative--although not absolutely pathognomonic--for HIV infection. The subsequent course of HIV infection after biopsy was significantly correlated to the histopathological changes, but it was not possible to evaluate if the biopsy added new information to that already available. Among the group of HIV infected, immediate clinical consequences of lymph node biopsy were not observed (95% confidence limits 0-3.3%). In a retrospective investigation of 123 consecutive AIDS patients, it was found that lymph node histopathology had been able to identify secondary infections and neoplasms among 10%. It is concluded that lymph node biopsy is indicated in the HIV infected patients with unexplained generalized symptoms or with atypical enlargement of the lymph nodes. The prognostic significance of lymph node histology compared to other prognostic parameters of HIV infection, remains to be determined.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

[Risk of infection among medical personnel in the age of HIV].

American and English studies indicate that the risk of infection inherent in parenteral exposure to HIV via cuts or abrasions amounts to 0.25 to 0.5 per cent. Rules of procedure for prevention of blood-borne infection have been devised by the medical authorities in most countries. Simple changes in the routines can reduce the risk considerably but the governing principles must be obeyed in order to exert their effect, and the equipment must be of such quality that it does not hinder the work.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Effect of bepridil on metabolic control and insulin secretion in diabetics.

In a double-blind cross-over study bepridil 900 mg followed by 300 mg daily for 11 days was given to 37 insulin (Type I) or non-insulin (Type II)-dependent diabetic patients. It did not modify the metabolic control of the patients as levels of glucose in blood and urine, doses of insulin and oral hypoglycaemic drugs, energy intake, and the number of hypoglycaemic attacks during therapy were unchanged. The serum concentration of C-peptide was not modified in either type of diabetic patient, and serum insulin in the Type I but not in the Type II patients was slightly higher during active drug treatment. No adverse organotoxic or arrhythmogenic effects or changes in possible atherogenic lipid fractions in serum could be demonstrated during bepridil therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A comparison of three methods for detection of antibodies against the major core protein p24 of human immunodeficiency virus.

The native major core protein p24 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was immunoaffinity purified by a monoclonal antibody and used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (inELISA) for detecting p24 antibodies in human sera. Its ability to detect p24 antibodies was compared to that of the immunoblotting test (IBT) and a commercial available competition ELISA (compELISA) employing recombinant HIV core protein. In tests on 60 serum samples the overall agreement of the inELISA and the IBT was 93.3%. Fifty-two samples were p24 antibody positive in both the inELISA and the IBT and of these 24 (46.2%) were positive in the compELISA. All compELISA positive samples were derived from healthy individuals, whereas of the 28 (53.8%) compELISA negative samples 1 was from a patient with acute HIV infection, 18 from healthy individuals and 9 from ARC/AIDS patients. The compELISA was able to distinguish among healthy persons with normal or low T-helper cell count (P = 0.048), as was the inELISA when p24 antibodies were titrated (P = 0.027). The inELISA equals IBT in specificity and sensitivity, is convenient and is very suitable for titration of p24 antibodies.

AIDS-Related Complex↗