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Biomedical subjects

C Peckham

Publications and source records attributed to C Peckham.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Nocturnal enuresis in childhood.

Of some 12,000 children in the National Child Development Study for whom the information was available, 10-7 per cent were enuretic between the ages of five and seven years, and 4-8 per cent were enuretic at 11 years. More boys than girls were wet at 11 years, although there was no difference at seven years. At both ages the manual social-classes were over-represented among the children with enuresis. These findings add support to the theory that nocturnal enuresis has multiple causes. The relative importance of social, developmental and psychiatric factors varies with the different groups of children early bed-wetting being associated with delayed development and later enuresis being more strongly associated with behaviour difficulties.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital rubella in the United Kingdom before 1970: the prevaccine era.

Congenital rubella in England and Wales before the introduction of rubella vaccine is described. Data are derived from selected hospital studies of children with congenital rubella and on prospective follow-up studies of women infected with rubella during pregnancy. Estimates based on epidemiologic studies suggest that rubella accounted for 15% of the cases of sensorineural deafness in children and for 2% of congenital heart defects. From this information it can be calculated that in England and Wales 200-300 babies would have been born with serious defects due to congenital rubella infection each year, in the absence of an epidemic, if rubella vaccination had not been introduced. The importance of continued surveillance of congenital rubella defects and terminations of pregnancy because of rubella infection is stressed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vision screening in a national sample of 11-year-old children.

This report describes the results of vision screening carried out by local health authorities on a national sample of 11-year-old schoolchildren using a standard Snellen chart. Of the 12 772 children tested, 78% had an unaided distant visual acuity of 6/6 or better in both eyes (optimal vision), 10% had a distant visual acuity of 6/9 in the worse or both eyes (near-optimal vision) and 12% had a visual acuity of 6/12 or worse in one or both eyes eyes (definite visual defect). In addition, near visual acuity was tested for 12 737 children and 5% were found to have defective near vision. Glasses had been prescribed for current use in 12% of children but a quarter of those prescribed glasses did not have them available at the time of the test. Testing revealed that 22% of children whose glasses were available had optimal or near-optimal unaided distant vision, the number increasing to 98% when retested wearing glasses. In contrast, 43% of the children who were without their glasses had optimal or near-optimal vision; 27% had a bilateral defect. Amongst the children for whom glasses had not been prescribed 4-6% had a visual defect. A higher proportion of children from non-manual family background than from manual family background had visual impairment and had been prescribed glasses, but there was no significant social class difference amongst the children with visual defects for whom no glasses had been prescribed. A defect of red/green colour vision was recorded in 6% of boys and 1% of girls. The proportion of children with poor visual acuity was similar in the group of children with defective colour vision and the group with normal colour vision.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Follow-up at 11 years of children who had marked speech defects at 7 years.

The results of a follow-up study at 11 years of 215 children in the National Child Development Study who were reported to show marked speech defects at 7 years are presented. Information regarding social welfare, health and scholastic attainments was available for 190 children (88%). Over a third of these had been formally 'ascertained' for special educational treatment. Of the 124 children remaining in ordinary schools, 56% still had residual speech problems while 44% were reported to have acquired satisfactory speech. The health and scholastic attainments of these two groups are described and discussed in relation to each other and to controls. A note regarding significant items in the original reports of 25 'missing' children at 7 years is provided, indicating that the large proportion had serious additional handicaps at 7 years. The importance of effective identification, full paediatric and educational assessment and the provision of appropriate help at or preferably before school entry is stressed.

Achievement↗