Biomedical subjects
C Patterson
Publications and source records attributed to C Patterson.
Cortisol induction of lipolysis in adrenalectomized diabetic rats.
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Coma and convulsions due to compulsive water drinking.
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Effects of antilipolytic agents on dibutyryl cyclic AMP induced lipolysis in adipose tissue.
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In vivo response times for a heated skin surface CO2 electrode during rest and exercise.
The continuous, noninvasive estimation of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) by heated skin surface electrodes has recently become available for pediatric patients. Skin surface (PsCO2) electrodes can enhance the safety of procedures such as intubation, bronchoscopy, ventilator changes, sleep studies, or measurement of the ventilatory response to CO2 or hypoxia. However, clinical situations that include rapid changes in PaCO2 demand knowledge of the in vivo response time. We compared the response of a heated PsCO2 electrode to end tidal CO2 (PetCO2) during abrupt changes in inspired CO2 from room air to 7% CO2 and back to room air. We obtained 54 curves on nine healthy subjects. There was an initial lag time with less than a 10% change in PsCO2. Then PsCO2 approached PetCO2 exponentially. For subjects at rest changing from breathing room air to 7% CO2, the initial lag time was 40 +/- 2 seconds and the 50% response time of the exponential portion was 46 +/- 3 seconds. Thus, it took 86 seconds for the electrode to record a 60% response to an abrupt increase in inspired CO2. The initial lag and 50% response time were considerably shorter during exercise (30 +/- 2 and 33 +/- 2 seconds) and even shorter when switched from breathing 7% CO2 to room air (23 +/- 2 and 21 +/- 2 seconds). Exercise did not further reduce the response time when CO2 was initially elevated, suggesting the faster response time was due to vasodilation of the skin due to elevated CO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laboratory diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia: an overview.
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: To determine the diagnostic values of laboratory tests used in the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia, the authors conducted a systematic overview of the relevant literature. Computerized searches of the MEDLINE database yielded 1,179 potentially relevant citations. Fifty-five studies included the results of laboratory tests and histologic examination of the bone marrow for at least 50% of an identifiable patient group. In these 55 studies, quality was assessed and descriptive information concerning the study populations, the tests conducted, and the results was extracted, all in duplicate. RESULTS: Serum ferritin radioimmunoassay was by far the most powerful test, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95. Test properties differed for populations of patients with inflammatory, liver, or neoplastic disease and patients without these conditions. Likelihood ratio lines, which allow precise interpretation of results across the entire range of ferritin concentration values, were constructed for the individual populations. CONCLUSION: Serum ferritin radioimmunoassay is an extremely powerful test for the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia and, appropriately interpreted, can be applied to the complete range of patients.
Molecular characterisation of human campylobacteriosis in Northern Ireland: evidence of clonal stability.
BACKGROUND: No study has compared Campylobacter isolates from a human source in Northern Ireland over an extended period of time. AIM: To investigate the clonal stability of thermophilic campylobacters isolated from acute bacterial enteritis in Northern Ireland from 1992 to 1999. METHODS: Human isolates (n=272), originating from faeces, were characterised at the sub-species level using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC2)--random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. RESULTS: Thirteen genotypes were identified where three types, namely ERIC A, ERIC C and ERIC I, accounted for 28.3%, 14.3% and 13.6%, respectively. There were no significant associations (p>0.05) between sex, age groupings and year of isolation and ERIC2 genotype, with the exception of ERIC D, which showed a significant decline in isolation with time (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS: ERIC genotypes were stable over this period, except genotype C which was lost during this time. Previous molecular typing methods showed campylobacters to be heterogeneous but this study suggests that the local human Campylobacter population consists of several common and stable genotypes. This study has established a database of local ERIC2 genotypes. This methodology may allow the establishment of an all-island database of clinical campylobacters that would be valuable in reducing human campylobacteriosis in Ireland.
Use of the Norton Pressure Sore Risk Assessment Scoring System with elderly patients in acute care.
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Effect of the dietary fatty acid component on the release of 14C-taurocholate, 14C-bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate transaminase by isolated rat liver cells.
Rats were fed liquid diets for 7 days containing either triolein or Liposyn, which is rich in linoleic acid, as fat sources, and liver cell suspensions were prepared following collagenase perfusion. The release from isolated cells of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase during a 3-hr incubation did not differ. The uptake and release of 14C-taurocholate during a brief incubation was lower but not significantly in Liposyn-fed rats (0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05): the uptake was 9.74 +/- 1.58 vs 16.7 +/- 3.3 nmol/mg protein in triolein-fed rats; the release was 3.17 +/- 0.65 vs 5.35 +/- 1.01 nmol/mg protein in triolein-fed rats. The uptake of 14C-aminolevulinic acid was similar in both groups, but release of 14C-bilirubin during a 30-min incubation was 5,420 +/- 1010 in the Liposyn group vs 12,030 +/- 2,200 dpm/mg protein in the triolein group (p = 0.02). It is concluded that a diet high in linoleic acid decreases bilirubin release in isolated liver cells consistent with the ability of this diet to cause cholestasis in vivo.
The advanced nurse practitioner: common attributes.
Nurses practice at different levels of expertise regardless of education, specialty area and primary, secondary, or tertiary care setting; therefore, education, specialization and location of practice must not be the sole determinants of advanced nurse practitioners. Rather, it is the appropriate knowledge base combined with specific characteristics and behaviors which clearly set them apart from other practitioners in nursing. Through a review of relevant literature this article defines advanced practice, describes different roles assumed by the advanced nurse practitioner and identifies and discusses some of the attributes and behaviors which are evident in all advanced practitioners.
The economic value of nursing.
The economic value of nursing relates to the purchaser's perspective. A three-level model of nursing services purchasers is presented. Selected economic/management concepts are examined in relation to nursing's economic value and these three purchaser perspectives.
Explosion! A case study in disaster drill.
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New mechanisms in lead biodynamics at ultra-low levels.
It has been found that the mean concentration of 15 micrograms Pb/g bone ash in typical Americans today is 1000 times greater than the natural level of lead in Homo sapiens sapiens determined from analyses of ancient human bones. Since body burdens of lead only 3 to 5-fold greater than typical induce overtly poisonous effects, unrecognized dysfunctions caused by lead are probably widespread among Americans. Previous toxicological studies by others to delineate ill effects were made by comparisons of biological systems to which lead was added with systems to which no lead was added. It is now seen that such studies dealt entirely with unnatural mechanisms in lead biodynamics, and provided no knowledge of the operation of unperturbed natural mechanisms, because "non-leaded" controls were actually highly traumatized by unrecognized excessive lead exposures. New work should be carried out that would use an ultra-low lead diet to grow rats possessing "natural" lead levels which could be used as controls. Metabolisms of lead in these controls should be compared with metabolisms of lead in biological systems of rats traumatized by excessive lead exposures corresponding to typical levels within people today. Such comparisons would disclose previously unknown characteristics of intra-cellular processing of lead within osseous, neuronal, hepatic, renal and muscle tissues, and in red blood cells and sera, together with sizes and residence times of lead reservoirs in those tissues during fetal growth, maturation and adult aging in rats exposed to natural lead levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Systematic implementation of an advance health care directive in the community.
In Canada, advance directives have been developed to ensure individual's decisions about health care are known in the event of mental incapacity. This randomized control trial examined the proportion of chronically ill elders receiving Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) services in the home who would complete an advance directive, factors associated with directive completion, treatment choices, and satisfaction with care. The participants consisted of 163 elders with a chronic illness residing within the Hamilton-Wentworth and Haldimand-Norfolk regions in South Central Ontario. Seventy percent of the experimental group completed the directive. Younger patients (p = 0.01) and patients with particular nurses (p = 0.04) were more likely to complete a directive. Psychosocial variables such as mood, depression, and uncertainty in illness did not influence directive completion. Satisfaction with involvement in health care decisions was not changed by this intervention (p = 0.576).
Injection technique. Depot drugs.
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