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Biomedical subjects

C Patel

Publications and source records attributed to C Patel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study.

The Whitehall study of British civil servants begun in 1967, showed a steep inverse association between social class, as assessed by grade of employment, and mortality from a wide range of diseases. Between 1985 and 1988 we investigated the degree and causes of the social gradient in morbidity in a new cohort of 10,314 civil servants (6900 men, 3414 women) aged 35-55 (the Whitehall II study). Participants were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire and attend a screening examination. In the 20 years separating the two studies there has been no diminution in social class difference in morbidity: we found an inverse association between employment grade and prevalence of angina, electrocardiogram evidence of ischaemia, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Self-perceived health status and symptoms were worse in subjects in lower status jobs. There were clear employment-grade differences in health-risk behaviours including smoking, diet, and exercise, in economic circumstances, in possible effects of early-life environment as reflected by height, in social circumstances at work (eg, monotonous work characterised by low control and low satisfaction), and in social supports. Healthy behaviours should be encouraged across the whole of society; more attention should be paid to the social environments, job design, and the consequences of income inequality.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Investigation of reaction intermediates of the urea-diacetylmonoxime reaction.

1. An investigation of the intermediates of the urea-diacetylmonoxime reaction and the isolation of the protochromogen has been described. A comparative spectral study of the protochromogen with that of the literature values suggested the structure of the protochromogen to be a diureide. 2. The diureides of 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione-monoxime and 2,3-pentanedione were synthesized and their visible, U.V., I.R., NMR, and mass desorption spectrometry data were analyzed. The study suggests that the structure of each of these compound is that of a diureide. When these diureides were redissolved in acid media, they gave the color expected of the corresponding chromogens found from the respective diketones and urea. 3. The 3a-methyl-6a-phenyl-glycoluril was synthesized by a base-catalyzed reaction. When this glycoluril was dissolved in concentrated HCl, a pink color was obtained, similar to that of the corresponding diureide. These studies indicate that both the diureide and the glycoluril (if formed at all in acid-catalyzed reaction) are converted to the same chromogen, possibly via a rearrangement. 4. When 2,3-butanedionemonoximethiosemicarbazone was reacted with urea in acid medium, characteristic spectral data were obtained which were very similar to those of the urea-diacetylmonoximethiosemicarbazide reaction. This tends to indicate that the possible structures of the protochromogens are similar and of the open chain diureide type.

Acetone↗
PubMed1979

Humidity and the anesthetized patient.

Damage to the ciliated cells of the tracheobronchial tree and incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications were measured by point-scoring systems in 202 patients who breathed dry and humidified anesthetic gases for 225 +/- 78 min. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications decreased as the humidity of administered anesthetic gases increased from 0 to 32.5 mg H2O/l. A similar relationship was found between the amount of inhaled moisture and the damage to the ciliated epithelium of the tracheobronchial tree. These results appear to indicate that a high inspired humidity is beneficial for operations on normothermic patients, and that cellular damage caused by dryness is a possible contributory factor in the production of the pulmonary atelectasis that follows stoppage of the mucociliary transport system in the immmediate postoperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Muscular dystrophy in an X; 1 translocation female suggests that Duchenne locus is on X chromosome short arm.

A unique combination of a Duchenne-like muscular dystrophy in a girl with a translocation-inversion rearrangement involving an X chromosome and a no 1 chromosome appeared as a result of both gene mutation and chromosome mutation in the mother. The X-autosome rearrangement would permit full expression of an X-linked recessive gene, such as that for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, in a female, and this would satisfactorily explain the characteristic Duchenne-like course of our patient's illness. The simultaneous de novo appearance of the Duchenne mutation and the X;1 rearrange suggests possible sites for the Duchenne locus on the X chromosome short arm (at Xp1106 or Xp2107).

Child↗
PubMed1978

Disseminated Cryptococcus treated with transfer factor.

Cardiac toxic reactions and pulmonary consolidation in the left lower lobe developed in a patient who was receiving amphotericin B therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. Following surgical resection of the lobe, multiple subcutaneous cryptococcal abscesses appeared. Flucytosine administered intravenously failed to eradicate the lesions. Transfer factor therapy and multiple drainage procedures elimniated the skin abscesses. Transfer factor therapy was administered for one year; the patient was asymptomatic 16 months after therapy was discontinued.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

A high-humidity circle system for infants and children.

A scaled-down version of a modified adult circle system capable of increasing normal humidity output 300% was constructed for pediatric use. The moisture content of the gases leaving the system was tested and found to be superior to that of any pediatric circle system commercially available that does not incorporate an electrically heated water vaporizer.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1978

Cellular content of amniotic fluid as predictor of central nervous system malformations.

Prospective observations on 442 consecutive samples have confirmed that pregnancies with CNS malformations are regularly associated with an abnormal cellular content of amniotic fluid. A crude semiquantitative test of the cell content can give valuable clinical information in relation to borderline amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein values, and help to detect false positive AFP's.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1977

Coronary risk factor reduction through biofeedback-aided relaxation and meditation.

The effects of behaviour modification through education and biofeedback-aided relaxation and meditation on the levels of blood pressure, pulse rate, smoking habits as well as serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were studied in 18 normotensive, 18 smoking, and 22 hypertensive patients with 18 normotensive controls.The results showed significant reduction in blood pressure, in all the treated groups; highly significant reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers; and reduction in some of the lipids in all the treated groups, but particularly in the hypertensive group. The therapy appears to be feasible and suitable for wider application. This approach is economical, acceptable to patients, and should be explored further.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Immunosuppression induced in vitro by cell-free extracts of Friend leukemia virusinfected splenocytes.

The immunologic responsiveness by normal BALB/c spleen lymphocytes immunized in vitro with sheep erythrocytes was markedly suppressed by calrified cell-free homogenates of Friend leukemia virus (FLV)-infected mouse spleens. Suppression was achieved with a 3,000Xg supernatant of FLV-containing homogenates freed of cellular debris but not with crude unclarified homogenates or pelleted material after centrifugation. The immunosuppressive effects of the virus were dose dependent, whether the virus was added directly to the target spleen cells or separated from them by a 0.4mu Nuclepore filter. Suppression was prevented by heating of the virus at 100 degrees C for 10 minutes or by neutralization with antiserum to FLV. Addition of the virus as late as 48 hours after in vitro immunization of splenocytes affected the immune response. However, suppression was maximum when the clarified virus was added to the splenocytes 1 or 2 days before immunization. The agent in the FLV-infected spleen homogenates responsible for immunosuppression appeared to be the virus per se; however, virus-associated soluble factor(s) might have been involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Altered immunologic responsiveness in mastocytoma-bearing mice.

Immune responses to sheep erythrocytes were enhanced in mice bearing small mastocytomas soon after injection of a few tumor cells. In contrast, mice with larger tumors after transfer of a greater number of mastocytoma cells and those in the later stages of tumor development after transfer of small numbers of tumor cells showed moderately suppressed immune responses. Transfer of spleen cells from mastocytoma-bearing mice to irradiated recipients resulted in more antibody-forming cells as compared to transfer of splenocytes from normal donor mice. The addition of graded numbers of mastocytoma cells to a constant amount of normal spleen cells transferred to irradiated mice also resulted in enhanced responses and increased spleen weights in the recipients. This increase, in direct proportion to the number of mastocytoma cells transferred, also occurred when Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (a T-cell independent antigen) was used to immunize animals given spleen cells from normal mice and mastocytoma cells. Mastocytoma cell-free homogenates or X-irradiated tumor cells also heightened immune responses in recipient mice, which indicated that viable cells were not needed for the effect. Such homogenates, as well as the tumor cells per se, stimulated increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the sera of recipient mice. However, tumor cells passaged in tissue culture for several months, those derived from mice bearing a mastocytoma cell line with a low LDH-stimulatory activity, or UV-irradiated mastocytoma cells with a high LDH-stimulatory activity did not induce enhanced plaque-forming cell responses.

Animals↗