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Biomedical subjects

C Parker

Publications and source records attributed to C Parker.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Clinical trial of 252Cf neutron brachytherapy vs. conventional radiotherapy for advanced cervical cancer.

252Cf, a neutron emitting radioactive transplutonium isotope, was tested for its efficacy against advanced bulky Stage III-IV cancers of the cervix in a clinical trial at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. Eighty-two patients were treated during 1976-1979 and followed for 5-year survival and tumor control. Three different treatment methods went on sequentially and concurrently, that is, (a) conventional whole pelvis photon with delayed 137Cs implants, (b) conventional photon therapy with delayed 252Cf implants, and (c) 252Cf implants ("early") preceding photon therapy. There were 12% 5-year survival for Stage IIIB cancers by conventional therapy, and 15% by delayed 252Cf implant therapy. For early 252Cf implant therapy there were 54% 5-year survivals with 4% complications and 65% 5-year local control, but distant metastases became a prominent delayed failure pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of propranolol on myocardial-infarct size in a randomized blinded multicenter trial.

A multicenter randomized single-blind study was performed to evaluate the effects of propranolol administered during the evolution of myocardial infarction. Five centers enrolled a total of 269 patients, with 134 receiving propranolol and 135 placebo. Propranolol or placebo was given intravenously upon randomization (0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight) and then orally for nine days to keep the heart rate between 45 and 60 beats per minute. Less than 2 per cent of patients were treated within 4 hours after the onset of symptoms, but 50 per cent received therapy within 8 hours of onset of chest pain, and the remainder between 8 and 18 hours. The heart rates in the propranolol-treated group were significantly lower than those in the placebo group (P less than 0.001). Base-line characteristics, including the mean heart rate (79.6 vs. 81.3) and the left ventricular ejection fraction (49.0 vs. 49.5), were similar in the two groups. The primary end point evaluated--infarct size as estimated from plasma MB creatine kinase activity--was virtually identical in the two groups, averaging 13.3 and 13.6 gram-equivalents of MB creatine kinase per square meter of body-surface area. Peak plasma levels of the enzyme were also similar in the two groups. No significant difference was observed between the propranolol and placebo groups in the change in left ventricular ejection fraction, extent of area involved in pyrophosphate uptake, R-wave loss on electrocardiograms, or mortality (after three years). These results do not support the use of propranolol administered four or more hours after the onset of symptoms to limit infarct size.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of left ventricular function and infarct size in patients with and without persistently positive technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams after myocardial infarction: analysis of 357 patients.

One hundred nine patients with persistently positive technetium-99m pyrophosphate (Tc-99m-PPi) myocardial scintigrams 6 months after acute myocardial infarction (MI) (Group A) and 185 patients without such persistently positive scintigrams (Group B) were compared with regard to enzymatically determined infarct size, early and late measurements of left ventricular (LV) function determined by radionuclide ventriculography, and preceding clinical course during the 6 months after MI. The CK-MB-determined infarct size index in Group A (17.4 +/- 10.6 g-Eq/m2) did not differ significantly from that in Group B (16.0 +/- 14.6 g-Eq/m2). Similarly, myocardial infarct areas in the 2 groups, determined by planimetry of acute Tc-99m-PPi scintigrams in those patients with well-localized 3+ or 4+ anterior pyrophosphate uptake, were not significantly different (35.7 +/- 13.4 vs 34.4 +/- 13.1 cm2, respectively). However, patients in Group A had significantly lower LV ejection fractions than those in Group B, both within 18 hours of the onset of MI (0.42 +/- 0.14 vs 0.49 +/- 0.14, p less than 0.01) and at 3 months after MI, both at rest (0.42 +/- 0.14 vs 0.51 +/- 0.14, p less than 0.01) and at maximal symptom-limited supine bicycle exercise (0.44 +/- 0.17 vs 0.51 +/- 0.17, p less than 0.01). Peak exercise levels achieved in the 2 groups were not significantly different. Furthermore, patients in Group A demonstrated a greater incidence of congestive heart failure during the initial hospital admission (41 vs 24%; p less than 0.01) and a greater requirement for digoxin (p less than 0.05) and furosemide (p less than 0.01) after discharge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1984

Urinary metabolites of orally administered di-(5-hexenyl) phthalate and di-(9-decenyl) phthalate in the rat.

Di-(5-hexenyl)- and di-(9-decenyl) phthalates were administered to male CD rats by gavage. The urinary metabolites retaining the phthalate moiety were identified by chromatographic and mass-spectrometric techniques. Di-(5-hexenyl) phthalate gave rise to epoxide and vicinal diol metabolites not previously seen with phthalic acid esters of saturated alcohols. Neither epoxide nor diol were detected when di-(9-decenyl) phthalate was fed. The distributions of carboxyl-terminated metabolites suggested that somewhat different pathways were followed for the two test compounds. The formation of epoxides from these unsaturated phthalate esters may have relevance to their potential toxicities. Like the metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate, the metabolites of di-(5-hexenyl) phthalate included glucuronide conjugates; like the metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, those of di-(9-decenyl) phthalate did not.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Electrocardiographic and clinical criteria for recognition of acute myocardial infarction based on analysis of 3,697 patients.

Over a 34.5-month period, all admissions to 5 university hospital coronary care units were screened for eligibility for the Multicenter Investigation of the Limitation of Infarct Size (MILIS), an ongoing study of the effects of hyaluronidase, propranolol and placebo on myocardial infarct (MI) size. Of 3,697 patients with greater than or equal to 30 minutes of discomfort that was thought to reflect myocardial ischemia who were assessed for the presence or absence of certain electrocardiographic abnormalities at the time of hospital admission, the electrocardiogram was considered predictive of acute MI if greater than or equal to 1 of the following abnormalities was present: new or presumably new Q waves (greater than or equal to 30 ms wide and 0.20 mV deep) in at least 2 of the 3 diaphragmatic leads (II, III, aVF), or in at least 2 of the 6 precordial leads (V1 to V6), or in I and aVL; new or presumably new ST-segment elevation or depression of greater than or equal to 0.10 mV in 1 of the same lead combinations; or complete left bundle branch block. In the screened population, the diagnostic sensitivity of the electrocardiographic criteria was 81%, whereas the overall infarct rate in the total population screened was 49%. The diagnostic specificity of these entry criteria was 69% and the predictive value 72%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunologic aspects of otitis media with effusion. II. Nature of cell-mediated immunosuppressive activity in middle ear fluid.

The effects of middle ear effusions from patients with serous, seromucoid, mucoid, and purulent forms of otitis media with effusion on lymphoproliferative responses and polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis were determined in peripheral blood and adenoidal lymphocytes. The responses were studied after stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, purified protein derivative, herpes simplex virus, sheep red blood cells, or ovalbumin. Serous and seromucoid middle ear effusions resulted in significant suppression of proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, purified protein derivative, and herpes simplex virus and of polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis in response to pokeweed mitogen, sheep red blood cells, and ovalbumin. The suppressive activity appeared to be associated with low-molecular-weight soluble products liberated by esterase-positive adherent population of cells in middle ear fluid.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1982

Kidney pseudotumour diagnosed by emission computed tomography.

Emission computed tomography is a new, useful imaging technique; when a rotating gamma camera capable of such imaging is used multiple adjacent transverse sections may be obtained simultaneously, from which coronal and sagittal sections may be computed. The technique was used in a man undergoing urological investigation in whom excretion urography indicated a space-occupying lesion in the left kidney. Ultrasonography and radionuclide imaging showed nothing abnormal, but emission computed tomography using a rotating gamma camera showed that functioning cortical tissue extended across the middle of the left kidney. Radiographs were therefore reviewed and ultrasonography repeated, and it was concluded that the abnormality was a hypertrophied column of Bertin. Emission tomographic imaging of the kidney is a useful adjunct to other non-invasive studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Immunologic aspects of otitis media with effusion: characteristics of lymphocyte and macrophage reactivity.

The characteristics of cellular elements in the middle ear effusions, peripheral blood, and adenoidal tissue and ther effects of middle ear macrophages on the functional activity of lymphocytes were examined in 50 subjects with chronic otitis media. Macrophages were the predominant cell type in middle ear effusions, and they constituted up to 63% of the total number of cells. T cells were 11%-66% of the total number of cells. The proliferative responses induced by phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen in middle ear lymphocytes were generally low compared with the responses observed in peripheral blood and adenoidal lymphocytes. Cocultures of middle ear macrophages with adenoidal lymphocytes resulted in a significant depression of proliferative response and immunoglobulin synthesis in the lymphocytes. These observations suggest that macrophages in the middle ear may have a profound influence on the regulation of the immune response in the middle ear in patients who have otitis media with effusion.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1980

Water intake induced by spaced deliveries of salted and sweetened liquid food.

The water intake of food-deprived rats was evaluated under conditions where liquid food was presented occasionally. In the first experiment, when soybean milk alone was presented every 30 sec, little water was consumed. However, when sodium chloride was added to the soybean milk, water intake increased directly with salt concentration from 0.9 to 14.4%. At salt concentrations of 7.2 and 14.4%, the drinking induced by soybean milk resembled in several respects the adjunctive drinking educed by spaced presentations of dry food. In a second experiment, adulterating soybean milk with sugar in concentrations of 7 to 56% did not affect water intake significantly when the food was delivered every 30 seconds. These findings extend the range of conditions known to generate schedule-induced drinking, and point out a previously unknown constraint on the phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Food allergies.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cooking↗
PubMed1980

Stimulation of growth rate of chondrocytes by Rous sarcoma virus is not coordinated with other expressions of the src gene phenotype.

Infection and transformation of chondrocytes by Rous sarcoma viruses (RSVs) (Schmidt-Ruppin, Prague) stimulated the rate of cell growth. In contrast, several transformation-defective (td) mutants (tdPRA, tdNY105, tdNY106, tdNY107, and tdNY108) retaining various sizes of the src gene did not stimulate cell growth, indicating that the stimulation of growth of chondrocytes is due to the function of the src gene. With the use of various T (transformation)-class temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of RSV, growth stimulation of chondrocytes by the src gene was examined. It was found that there are two types of T-class ts mutants with regard to the stimulatory effect on the growth of chondrocytes. One type (tsNY68) stimulates cell growth at both permissive (36 degrees C) and nonpermissive (41.5 degrees C) temperature, as does the wild type of RSV. Another type (ts GI201 [clone 9]) stimulates cell growth only at the permissive temperature. Chondrocytes infected with either of these two types of T-class ts mutants showed ts properties in other transformation markers, such as uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, change of cell morphology, and focus formation. These data indicate that the effect of the src gene on cell growth does not occur coordinately with other transformation markers.

Animals↗