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Biomedical subjects

C Painter

Publications and source records attributed to C Painter.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The laryngeal vestibule, voice quality and paralinguistic markers.

The laryngeal component of voice quality markers has been quantified in the present study, suggesting that the laryngeal vestibule and lower pharynx play an important role in voice quality. Findings also show that voice quality can be partly described in terms of laryngeal configurations and that a knowledge of these configurations may be useful to the laryngologist, speech pathologist and singer. Twenty-five voice qualities were videorecorded, using a nasal fiberscope. Still photographs were taken for each voice quality and distance measurements made on each one for 15 laryngeal parameters. The raw data were normalized, sorted from high to low, turned into scalar values and processed to establish which parameters exhibited similar functions, which photographs were essentially identical, and in what respect any two photographs were different. Each voice quality was seen to be associated with a different, describable and quantifiable laryngeal configuration.

Epiglottis↗
PubMed1991

Laryngeal configuration of 99 dysphonic patients.

The aim of this investigation was to study a wide range of dysphonic patients and determine the best matches among the laryngeal configurations on phonation for each patient and those previously established for control data, which were obtained from a professional voice user producing the whole range of voice qualities. Ninety-nine patients were selected and laryngeal photographs were produced for each patient. Fifteen laryngeal parameters were quantified and normalized. The data were sorted, scalar values assigned and a measure of similarity between configurations applied. The best, second-best, third-best and worst matches between each patient separately and the control data were then examined. Although 41% of the patients did not have particularly unusual configurations, 59% exhibited a narrowing of the laryngeal vestibule caused by epiglottic retraction, cuneiform fronting and/or false fold adduction. This suggests that clinical reports for patients with dysphonia should contain information not only on any lesions present but also on laryngeal configurations and, in particular, vestibular narrowing.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Electroglottogram waveform types of untrained speakers.

Electroglottography is a useful, non-invasive technique that can assist in the assessment of vocal fold dysfunction. However, if it is to become a useful clinical tool, there is a need for normative studies of the electroglottogram waveform types that characterize different groups of speakers. This report compares the electroglottogram waveform types characterizing one trained professional voice user phonating in 15 experimental sessions under various fundamental frequencies, intensities and voice qualities with those obtained from 52 untrained non-professional speakers.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The incidence of voice disorders.

This report summarizes the log book for patients with voice disorders treated at Washington University in St. Louis between 1984 and 1988. Our experience with these 764 patients is expressed as the number of visits for each problem type.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and histopathological considerations for the diagnosis and treatment of verrucous carcinoma of the larynx.

Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx is quite distinct from well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma has a characteristic morphology and specific clinical behavior. It accounts for approximately 1%-2% of all laryngeal carcinomas. However, difficulties are encountered clinically in separating verrucous carcinomas from keratoses, verruca vulgaris and squamous cell carcinomas with a verrucous appearance. Between 1962 and 1982, 1504 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx were diagnosed and treated by staff physicians in the Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis. Fifteen of these patients (1%) had verrucous carcinomas. These cases were studied in order to clarify any diagnostic problems, trace the biologic behavior of the tumors and report the results of the treatment used. Of these 15 patients, we were able to follow up 8. The latter had been treated only with surgery and none of them had received radiotherapy. One death occurred, but the patient died of other causes and remained free of cancer. Reports in the literature describe a high rate of recurrence of verrucous carcinomas following radiotherapy with occasional anaplastic transformation of tumors. No patients in our series developed a metastasis in the neck, indicating that neck dissection is not justified for patients with these neoplasms even though clinically enlarged neck nodes may be present.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Electroglottogram waveform types.

Electroglottography is a useful, non-invasive technique that can assist in the assessment of vocal fold dysfunction. However, if it is to become a useful clinical tool, there is a need for normative studies of the electroglottogram waveform types that characterize trained professional voice users, untrained non-professional speakers and patients with voice disorders and for a way of quantifying and objectively comparing similarities and differences. This report describes our methodology and an investigation into the waveform types characterizing one trained professional voice user phonating in 15 experimental sessions under various fundamental frequency, intensity and voice quality conditions. A number of strong tendencies were noted. In normal voice the lower frequencies and intensities represent one pole of a scale of a mode of phonation, while the higher frequencies and intensities depict the other pole. In these studies breathy voice data overlapped the lower end of the scale and tense voice data overlapped the upper end.

Electrodiagnosis↗
PubMed1987

On buying a telescope for videolaryngoscopy.

The purpose of this article is to compare aspects of the performance of three widely-used rigid laryngoscopy telescopes. The Nagashima SFT-I, Wolf 4450.57, and Karl Storz 8702 D were used with a JVC GX-N8U camera and Panasonic PV 8600 VCR to make recordings of a one-tenth-inch grid at various distances between the lens and the grid and at two telescope holding angles. Measurements were made of the anteroposterior and mediolateral viewing fields at all distances and holding angles on maximum and minimum zoom. The telescopes were compared for viewing field, lens angle effects, holding angle effects, plane distortion effects, effects due to lens distance, color, edge definition, focus control, light source compatibility, stroboscopic use, cross-sectional diameter, fogging, and cost. An overview enables laryngologists to assess their needs before buying.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

The laryngeal vestibule and voice quality.

Most of the literature on voice quality focuses on the vocal folds while six other gestures involving the laryngeal entry and epilaryngeal structures are largely ignored. Whole organ tracer series histograms of the larynx are examined and suggestions are made as to which muscles and/or forces might cause these gestures. An examination of photographs of the larynx indicates that the latter must be described in three dimensions: medio-lateral, antero-posterior, and vestibule cross-sectional area. The article is aimed at laryngologists in general, not surgeons in particular, and has implications for laryngology (being a putative model of diagnostic procedures), physiology (what forces create epilaryngeal configurations?), neuroscience (does the motor cortex control single muscles or whole gestures?), speech pathology (what is the ragbag called "hypertenseness"?), linguistics (how is one to describe lower pharynx phenomena?) and paralinguistics (what is the extrasystemic laryngeal component of voice quality?).

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Shared idiotypes and restricted immunoglobulin variable region heavy chain genes characterize murine autoantibodies of various specificities.

The study of the Ig variable region heavy chain (VH) genes used to encode antibodies specific for self-epitopes from murine hybridomas showed that three VH families are primarily utilized: VH J558, the largest family, and VH QPC52 and VH 7183, the families most proximal to the Ig joining region heavy chain genes. These monoclonal autoantibodies express cross-reactive idiotopes shared by rheumatoid factors and antibodies specific for Sm. The expression of these idiotypes is independent of major histocompatibility complex and Ig constant region heavy chain haplotypes, self-antigen specificity, and even the VH gene family utilized. Though the experiments described here are limited to murine autoantibodies, similarities exist between murine and human autoimmune diseases. Studies that aim to investigate the relationship between VH gene expression and the presence of cross-reactive idiotypes among human autoantibodies should enable us to better understand the mechanisms of autoimmunity and self-tolerance.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pitch control and pharynx with in Twi: an electromyographic study.

The author examined electromyographic tracings from four muscles--genioglossus (GG), anterior belly of the digastric (D) sternothyroid (ST) and thyrohyoid (TH)--for 210 Twi syllables selected so as to give information on seven parameters: tense/lax vowels, long/short vowels, close/open vowels, front/back vowels, high-tone/low-tone vowels, vowels preceded by a fricative/plosive consonant and vowels preceded by a voiced/voiceless consonant, and concluded, inter alia (1) that GG and D functioned as pitch control muscles but that it is not clear why raising of the larynx should accompany an increase in pitch; (2) that GG did not play the major role in tongue root fronting that was expected of it but that we may have to consider GG to consist of at least four functional muscles; (3) that GG and D offered little evidence to support a prosodic view of vowel harmony in Twi, and (4) that features may be ranked by the muscle activity associated with them and that 'high-tone', 'fricative' and 'voiced' dominated for GG, D and ST.

Electromyography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The transformation of laryngeal keratosis into invasive carcinoma.

Although 93.0% to 97.0% of all laryngeal carcinomas are diagnosed on the first biopsy, 3.0% to 6.7% of them occur in patients who have what is initially diagnosed as "laryngeal keratosis." To study this phenomenon, we examined data from 1,019 patients with laryngeal keratosis seen between 1962 and 1981. Eleven patients with keratosis and initially undetected cancer at different laryngeal sites were excluded, as were 87 outside referrals for whom no records were available beyond the histologic report. The remaining 921 patients were classified on the basis of the initial histologic findings into groups comprising 604 patients with keratosis without atypia (group 1), 204 patients with mild atypia (group 2), 23 patients with moderate atypia (group 3), and 90 patients with severe atypia (group 4). All 921 were followed for from 5 to 25 years. Invasive carcinoma of the larynx developed in 18 patients from group 1 (3.0%), 15 from group 2 (7.4%), four from group 3 (17.4%), and 25 from group 4 (27.8%). Fifty-seven patients (91.9%) developed invasive carcinoma after less than 10 years but only five (8.1%) did so after 10 years or more.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Semi-automated voice evaluation.

This report describes a voice evaluation procedure that in some way parallels the audiologic tests used for hearing and has multiple uses both clinically and in research. It uses a simultaneous eight-channel input, is not difficult to use, requiring between 12 and 25 minutes to administer, and provides the physician with a printout in standardized form before the patient leaves the room. This three-page report includes 15 abstracted or calculated values, normal ranges by sex for each value, notes that draw attention to deviations from the normal, a summary profile, a graphic representation of the evaluation, and raw data waveforms.

Aphonia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human speech development for an implantable artificial larynx.

An electromagnetic artificial larynx was implanted in two volunteer laryngectomees. Both patients were able to communicate well, but the voice quality still needed improving. Therefore, in this investigation, listener judgments were obtained of 22 different sound sources with a view to incorporating the preferred speech sound in a new version of the device. Electroglottograms were used as sound sources in a speech synthesizer and sentences were produced with different voice qualities for judgmental tests. The results of the listening tests showed a distinct preference for waveforms corresponding to a long completely open phase, a very brief completely closed phase, and an abrupt closing gesture. The optimum acoustic characteristics for the device will be used by electrical engineers to manufacture a new version of the artificial larynx with an improved voice quality.

Electrodiagnosis↗