Stability and change in parental attitudes following an infant's birth into traditional and nontraditional Swedish families.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
C P Hwang
Publications and source records attributed to C P Hwang.
Aspects of the mother-infant relationship during nursing, 1 and 6 weeks after early extended post-partum contact.
Two groups of mothers receiving different amounts of contact with their infants immediately after delivery were compared. Three aspects of the mother-infant relationship during breastfeeding were selected for analysis: (1) the behaviour of the mother when the baby was attached versus unattached to the nipple, (2) maternal behaviour when the baby's eyes were open/closed, (3) the behaviour of the mother before, during and after the baby had been fretting or crying. Significant differences on all three measures were found between the two groups during the first week after delivery. No differences were observed six weeks post-partum.
Breast Feeding↗
[Effects of immediate contact between mother and child after delivery].
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Delivery, Obstetric↗
Effects of amount of contact between mother and child on the mother's nursing behavior.
Short-term effects of different amounts of body contact between mother and newborn on human nursing behavior were studied. Extended contact immediately after parturition was related to an increase in affective components of maternal nursing behavior observed on postpartum Days 2 and 4.
Adult↗
Mother-infant interaction; effects of sex of infant on feeding behaviour.
Mother--child interaction was studied on the 2nd and 4th days after delivery. Mothers with girls showed more distal contact behaviour such as talking, smiling, and 'en face' responses. They also displayed more skin-to-skin contact behaviour (patting, rubbing, kissing, and touching) toward girl babies. Mothers with boys, on the other hand, showed more types of behaviours directed to clothed parts of the infant such as patting and adjusting clothes. These findings were statistically significant only on the 2nd day after delivery. On day 4 differences between male and female infants both in the frequency and in the pattern of sucking were observed.
Breast Feeding↗
The protective effect of niacinamide on ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver injury.
Reperfusion of ischemic liver results in the generation of oxygen radicals, nitric oxide (NO) and their reaction product peroxynitrite, all of which may cause strand breaks in DNA, which activate the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP ribose)synthase (PARS). This results in rapid depletion of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and eventually induces irreversible cytotoxicity. In this study, we demonstrated that niacinamide, a PARS inhibitor, attenuated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced liver injury. Ischemia was induced by clamping the common hepatic artery and portal vein of rats for 40 min. Thereafter, flow was restored and the liver was reperfused for 90 min. Blood samples collected prior to I and after R were analyzed for methyl guanidine (MG), NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and ATP. Blood levels of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which served as indexes of liver injury were measured. This protocol resulted in elevation of the blood NO level (p < 0.01). Inflammation was apparent, as TNF-alpha and MG levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). AST, ALT and LDH were elevated 4- to 5-fold (p < 0.001), while ATP was significantly diminished (p < 0.01). After administration of niacinamide (10 mM), liver injury was significantly attenuated, while blood ATP content was reversed. In addition, MG, TNF-alpha and NO release was attenuated. These results indicate that niacinamide, presumably by acting with multiple functions, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects in I/R-induced liver injury.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Children's dental fear picture test (CDFP): a projective test for the assessment of child dental fear.
A projective method, the Children's Dental Fear Picture test (CDFP), for measuring child dental fear was developed and tested for reliability in 146 Swedish children aged 5 to 12-years-old. The CDFP consists of three subtests: the Dental Setting Pictures (CDFP-DS), the Pointing Pictures (CDFP-PP), and a Sentence Completion test (CDFP-SC). Assessments of dental fear were made in each of the subtests as well as for the complete test (CDFP). Based on the assessments, the children were grouped into three categories: "fearful", "non fearful"c and "uncertain". The proportion of agreements between assessments of subtests and final assessment (CDFP) varied from 77.4 percent to 89.0 percent. Interexaminer reliability was computed from 27 testings assessed separately by two trained dentists. Full agreement in the final assessments (CDFP) was found between the dentists in 88.9 percent of the testings, indicating that the CDFP is a reliable method for measuring child dental fear.
Age Factors↗