Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

C Owen

Publications and source records attributed to C Owen.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Culture, families, and the change process--a systems approach.

Although descriptions of cultural food habits and meanings do not explain change, they are a very important aspect of applied programming. Cultural specific data need to be set within a theoretical framework so that findings are applicable to other situations now and in the future. A systems framework is described, and five rubrics are presented for the development of conceptual variables and their measures. The guidelines should be helpful to investigators initiating systems research in the study of food habits. Examples focus on the family system because this is the system with which most nutritionists work. However, systems concepts are just as viable for other systems, such as the state and the nation.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1976

Sociologic study of food habits--a review. I. Diversity in diet and scalogram analysis.

Scalogram analysis (Guttman scaling) organizes descriptive data into a form which is meaningful to the nutritionist and the sociologist in the study of the diversity in, and variation of, family food patterns. Scalogram analysis avoids the use of measures that are "description bound" or culturally biased by providing a means of using a higher level of abstraction in studying food habits. Scalogram analysis can be useful, both in planning and in evaluating programs of nutrition education, but until this tool becomes more familiar to nutrition educators and its effectiveness is evaluated in actual situations, it will remain only potentially useful.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Sociologic study of food habits--a review. II. Differentiation, accessibility and solidarity.

The process of changing food habits is more complex than would appear to most nutritionists; it involves much more than the collection of information. Change must be studied from a multidisciplinary, chiefly a sociologic, point of view, since the food habits of families within a community are formed in a matrix of human relationships. Three major variables are presented and discussed: (a)differentiation, the capacity to process information; (b)accessibility, the measured distance between a family and an information source; and (c)solidarity, the ability of a family group to react cohesively to proposed change. To effect change in his dietary habits, an individual needs his family's cooperation. The nutritionist will do well to rely on the findings of social scientists if proposed changes in family food habits are to be implemented.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mineralization of collagen may occur on fibril surfaces: evidence from conventional and high-voltage electron microscopy and three-dimensional imaging.

The interaction between collagen and mineral crystals in the normally calcifying leg tendons from the domestic turkey, Meleagris gallopavo, has been investigated at an ultrastructural level with conventional and high-voltage electron microscopy, computed tomography, and three-dimensional image reconstruction methods. Specimens treated by either aqueous or anhydrous techniques and resin-embedded were appropriately sectioned and regions of early tendon mineralization were photographed. On the basis of individual photomicrographs, stereoscopic pairs of images, and tomographic three-dimensional image reconstructions, platelet-shaped crystals may be demonstrated for the first time in association with the surface of collagen fibrils. Mineral is also observed in closely parallel arrays within collagen hole and overlap zones. The mineral deposition at these spatially distinct locations in the tendon provides insight into possible means by which calcification is mediated by collagen as a fundamental event in skeletal and dental formation among vertebrates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The hospital inpatient stay: the experience of first-time parents.

The experience of hospital inpatient stays at childbirth was studied in a longitudinal study of the experiences of 96 first-time parents during the transition to parenthood. For women, the prospect of birth was a major worry during pregnancy. Negative expectations proved in general to be justified by events, with many women reporting predominantly bad memories of the experience. Satisfaction with the hospital inpatient stay is also considered: a major source of dissatisfaction was inadequate help with breast feeding, which produced many difficulties. Middle class mothers were in general more dissatisfied with their hospital stay, as were women who had Caesarean births. Relationships were found between antenatal class attendances and the likelihood of a normal delivery and reported pain during childbirth. The role and experience of fathers was also considered. Most expected to be at the birth from an early stage in pregnancy; more than two-thirds were present for the delivery and half or more at the labour. Their experience at this time was more positive than that of their partners. But during the hospital stay, this role was much more marginal. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for antenatal preparation, breast feeding and paternal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endothelial cell activation following moderate traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a cascade of acute and chronic injury responses which include disturbances in the cerebrovasculature that may result in the activation of the microvascular endothelial development of a dysfunction endothelium. The present study examines endothelial cell (EC) activation in a percussion model of moderate TBI. The criteria for endothelial activation used in these studies was surface expression of a number of markers collectively termed endothelial activation antigens. Temporal induction of the major histocompatibility (MHC) class II molecules, E-selectin (CD62E), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VACM-1) (CD106) as well as altered expression of constitutively expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (CD54), the glucose transporter protein (glut-1), the transferrin receptor (tfR) (CD71), and MHC class I molecules was examined at various times following impact. Induction of E-selectin and increased expression of ICAM-1 was seen by 2 h post-impact (PI) and was sustained through 24 h PI. Decreased expression of immunologically reactive glut-1 and tfR was observed by 2-4 h PI and remained low up to 24 h PI. No induction of VCAM-1, MHC class II molecules or altered constitutive expression or MHC class I molecules was seen. Changes in EC activation were observed predominantly at the site of impact and were diminished temporarily. These results indicate that mild concussive injury to the brain results in activation of the endothelium.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of the qualifications of ophthalmology nurses.

A study was conducted to ascertain the numbers of nurses working in ophthalmology with appropriate qualifications. A questionnaire was sent to 168 ophthalmic nurse managers in the UK which revealed that a much greater proportion of nurses employed at grades I, H, G and F hold an ophthalmic qualification compared with those employed at grades E, D and C. Those nurses working at higher grades were far fewer in number, however. The results also indicated that the smaller the unit is, the less likely it is to employ nurses holding the specialist qualification. More funding and access to courses is recommended.

Humans↗