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Biomedical subjects

C Ortolani

Publications and source records attributed to C Ortolani.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Study of mediators of anaphylaxis in nasal wash fluids after aspirin and sodium metabisulfite nasal provocation in intolerant rhinitic patients.

Nasal histamine (H), leukotriene C4 (I-LTC4) and SRS-A activity were studied in seven aspirin-(ASA)-intolerant patients (AIR) with rhinitis and in five ASA-tolerant control patients with chronic rhinitis after nasal provocation (NP) with a lysine acetylsalicylate solution. The same parameters were also studied after metabisulfite (MBS) NP in four sulfite-intolerant patients with rhinitis and in six control patients with chronic rhinitis. In six ASA-intolerant subjects and in four controls, we studied the PGD2 levels in nasal washes after ASA NP 0.2 mL of lysine acetylsalicylate solution (10 mg/mL) was sprayed intranasally in ASA-intolerant patients and controls and a 25-mg/mL MBS solution in sulfite intolerant patients and controls. Nasal wash fluids were obtained using 5 mL of 0.15 M saline before and 7 1/2, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after nasal provocation. The nasal provocation with ASA induced itching and sneezing in four out of seven intolerant subjects. In this subgroup histamine values in nasal wash fluids were significantly higher versus the remaining ASA-intolerant patients at 30 and 60 minutes (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) and versus controls at 60 minutes (P less than .01). We found significantly higher I-LTC4 (P less than .01) and SRS-A levels in nasal washes collected from ASA-intolerant subjects versus controls at 60 minutes after nasal provocation. There was no significant increase in the mean PGD2 values in either the ASA-intolerant or control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aspirin↗
PubMed1986

[Occurrence of drug reactions].

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence of allergic reactions to drugs compared to other kinds of medical emergencies admitted to the main Hospital in Milan during a 6 months period. At the same time we drew a list of drugs most frequently involved in allergic reactions, and a list of the most frequent symptoms. Using special forms, the medical staff collected patients' data: age, history of atopy, identification of the drug causing the reaction, and any previous reactions. Among 11,407 cases of medical emergencies, we found 163 (1.43%) patients showing drug reactions: the mean age was 27.3; 58.90% were female; atopy was present in 16.56%. The drugs most frequently involved were: pyrazon group (22%); ASA (20.86%); penicillin and derivatives (9.20%); sulfa drugs (6.14%); group B vitamins (4.30%); tetanus toxoid (4.30%); hyposensitizing extracts (3.68%); propionic acid derivatives (2.46%); paracetamol (1.84%); indomethacin (1.23%); rifampicin (1.23%); erythromycin (1.23%); glafenine (1.23%); others (17.80%). Urticaria and/or angioedema were the most frequent symptoms (86.51%), then anaphylactic shock (9.81%) and asthma (3.68%) with regard to anaphylactic shock only 6.20% of the patients had had a previous reaction to the same drug. From these data we can see that the incidence of drug reactions is very low compared to other medical emergencies; penicillin evidenced fewer reactions than expected, while the pyrazon group and ASA confirmed the data from literature.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1985

Further studies on the mechanism of fat-free diet (FFD)--protection against indomethacin-induced intestinal ulcers in the rat.

A fat-free diet (FFD) reduces bacterial flora when compared to a regular diet (RD) in rats. FFD reduces the degree and incidence of indomethacin-induced intestinal ulceration concomitantly with a reduction in bacterial flora overgrowth produced by the drug. Present and previous findings indicate that diminished deconjugation of indomethacin and reduction of intestinal flora overgrowth play a major role in the ulcer-preventing properties of FFD.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of allergic etiology in perennial rhinitis.

In 197 patients with perennial rhinitis, 49 patients (24.9%) were found to be allergic to perennial inhalant allergens, 37 patients (18.8%) allergic to seasonal allergens, 52 patients (26.4%) had food intolerance, 12 patients (6.6%) showed evidence of nasal infection, and in 46 patients (23.3%) etiology was undetermined.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Grass pollen immunotherapy: a single year double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with grass pollen-induced asthma and rhinitis.

Fifteen grass pollen--sensitive asthmatic patients were selected from 200 patients with grass pollenosis on the basis of positive SPTs and RASTs that were restricted to grass pollens (except Bermuda grass), no previous IT, and residence and occupation in an area monitored by serial pollen counts. They underwent a double-blind trial of specific IT with a mixture of three grass pollen--aqueous extracts (velvet, sweet vernal, and timothy) or placebo. After 10 mo, the mean maintenance dose of pollen extract (assayed by RAST inhibition) in eight actively treated patients was 6000 RAST units (range 3000 to 8000) and the mean total dose was 18,700 RAST units (range 10,200 to 30,000). Results were assessment done by the following clinical and immunological data: (1) during the pollen season, daily symptom scores; (2) PD 20% FEV1, IgE antibody to timothy by RAST in serum and in nasal secretions, serum IgG antibody to purified timothy allergen D by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and the four IgG subclass antibodies by enzyme immunoassay were all measured before treatment and before and after the pollen season. Symptom scores of both treated patients and controls correlated with pollen counts (R = 0.88, p less than 0.05 and R = 0.71, p less than 0.05, respectively). There was a significant difference between the mean symptom score values of treated patients versus controls (Kruskal-Wallis test, p less than 0.001). No significant differences or changes either in the PD 20% FEV1 or IgE antibody to timothy in serum and nasal secretions were found in the two groups before or after IT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (NCF-A) release in aspirin-induced asthma.

Neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) following oral challenge with aspirin (ASA) was determined in ASA-intolerant asthmatic subjects, and in ASA-tolerant asthmatic and normal subjects. There was a statistically significant fall in FEV1 and a rise in NCA (P less than 0.01) following challenge in the ASA-sensitive subjects compared with that of the ASA-tolerant subjects and normal controls. No significant difference was observed between the latter two groups. The chemotactic factor identified in this study had a molecular weight greater than 150 000 which is consistent with NCF-A (neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis). The ASA-induced fall in FEV1 and rise in NCA was further studied in three of the ASA-intolerant asthmatic subjects, with and without pretreatment with inhaled sodium cromoglycate. In these subjects, the drug inhibited both the oral ASA-induced bronchoconstriction and the increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity. These results suggest that ASA-induced asthma involves mediator release from mast cells, as shown by the increase in NCA following ASA challenge and the protective effect of sodium cromoglycate which is considered to inhibit mast-cell degranulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of long-term treatment with sodium cromoglycate on non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity in non-atopic patients with chronic bronchitis.

Reduction in non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity has been reported in atopic asthmatic patients as a consequence of long-term treatment with sodium cromoglycate. As bronchial hyperreactivity is an undesirable feature in other forms of obstructive airways disease, we examined the effect of regular treatment with sodium cromoglycate (20 mg, 4 times daily, for 30 days) in a group of non-atopic bronchitic subjects who showed a significant bronchoconstrictor response to the inhalation of ultrasonically nebulised distilled water (fog challenge). After 30 days treatment with sodium cromoglycate, there was a significant reduction in response to fog challenge, compared with pretreatment values. There was a washout period of 12 h between the administration of the last dose of sodium cromoglycate and the second fog challenge. The possible mechanisms involved and the clinical significance of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prophylaxis of adverse reactions to foods. A double-blind study of oral sodium cromoglycate for the prophylaxis of adverse reactions to foods and additives.

Twenty-four adult patients with adverse reactions to foods and food additives took part in a double-blind crossover study to compare the efficacy of oral sodium cromoglycate, 1600 mg daily, with placebo. Duration of treatment was eight weeks. There were statistically significant differences (p less than 0.01) in favor of active treatment as assessed by patients' diary card scores during the last week of treatment. Few side effects were observed. Oral sodium cromoglycate appears to be both effective and well tolerated in the treatment of food allergies, particularly when used in conjunction with a maintenance elimination diet.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Sodium cromoglycate and provocation tests in chronic urticaria.

Twenty patients with chronic urticaria exacerbated by aspirin or tartrazine were challenged with the offending substance after pre-treatment with either oral sodium cromoglycate or placebo in a double-blind, crossover study. The sequential vascular response test (SVR) described by Fisherman and Cohen 1-4 was used to assess response to challenge. Eighteen patients were protected by oral sodium cromoglycate and one by placebo, taking as a positive response an increase in the bleeding time of 100% or more over control values.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Correlation of the specific IgE in serum and nasal secretions with clinical symptoms in atopics.

In a unselected population of 133 young adults studied by prick testing to common allergens three groups were identified: eleven subjects with positive skin test responses and clinical symptoms of allergy; ten subjects only with psitive skin tests and the remainder with negative skin tests. All subjects with positive skin tests (with an without symptoms) were studied by RAST on the serum and nasal secretions. Specific and non-specific bronchial provocation tests (BPT) were also carried out. The serum RAST was positive in all subjects with positive skin tests, and there was good correlation between high levels of circulating specific IgE and the presence of clinical symptoms. The RAST of nasal secretions was negative in most symptom-free subjects and as a diagnostic test it was slightly better than the serum RAST. BPTs with extracts of the relevant allergens caused bronchospasm in every subject with a positive nasal secretion RAST. Only two subjects out of fifteen with a positive response were clinical asthmatics. Our results cast doubt on the clinical relevance of the BPT as it is usually conducted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[25 years of experience in the treatment of Raynaud's disease and Raynaud-like syndromes].

Reference is made to a series of 620 cases of Raynaud's phenomenon observed at the University of Milan between 1951 and 1977. The following parameters are analysed: sex, age, aetiology (where known), incidence of involvement of the four limbs, presence or otherwise of a complete sign, percentage of trophic lesions, arteriographic picture, lab examinations performed. 534 thoracic sympathectomies were performed in 464 patients with Raynaud or Raynaud-like forms. The results are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Evaluation of some inflammatory and immune parameters in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis during the acute phase and in remission].

A serologic study was carried out in 27 children.-- 12 females and 15 males -- affected with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), systemic and polyarticular type, in active phase and in remission. Beside the routine assays (ESR and haemometry), a dosage of serum immunoglobulins (IgA, M, G) and complement components (C3 and C4) was carried out; antinuclear antibodies with immunofluorescence, rheumatoid factors with classical method (latex test and Waaler-Rose reaction) and antigamma factors (AGGF) according to modified Schur's method were looked for. Polymorphonuclear function was assayed employing NBT test, phagocytosis and killing with Klebsiella. The results confirmed that the most reliable activity index is the ESR, while the WBC count is move variable and that the rheumatoid factors according to the usual techniques are almost always absent. As a whole, in JRA the levels of IgM, IgG, IgM-AGGF, C4 assayed higher than in controls. In the different subgroups, the systemic disease is characterized by higher serum IgA and IgG-AGFF. The PMN function was globally normal.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Development of IgE response in humans after tetanus toxoid immunization.

In 15 subjects immunized with two doses of purified adjuvant-free tetanus toxoid, the behaviour of specific IgE and hemoagglutinative antibodies was studied. In the majority of the subject the presence of specific IgE and hemoagglutinative antibodies was observed upon a control carried out 15 days after immunization. After reintroduction of antigen an increase both of specific IgE and hemoagglutinative antibodies was observed. No subject who had presented specific IgE in the serum after the first inoculation of tetanus toxoid showed local or general reaction after reintroduction.

Antibody Specificity↗