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Biomedical subjects

C Olerud

Publications and source records attributed to C Olerud.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Genu recurvatum caused by partial growth arrest of the proximal tibial physis: simultaneous correction and lengthening with physeal distraction. A report of two cases.

Two cases of genu recurvatum deformity and leg length discrepancy after partial growth arrest of the proximal tibial physis are described. The patients are both boys thirteen and fifteen years old respectively. The etiology of the deformity is considered to be local pressure on the tibial tuberosity, in the first case after treatment with plaster cast after correction of an angular deformity in a tibial fracture and in the second case after prolonged treatment with patellar tendon bearing brace. The boys were treated with physeal distraction which corrected both the leg length discrepancy and the angular deformity. The technique is recommended because the correction is done at the site of the deformity and knee motion is possible during the entire treatment period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ankle fractures treated with non-rigid internal fixation.

Two hundred and thirty-seven fractures of the ankle treated with non-rigid internal fixation were reviewed with regard to classification, congruency of joint surface, range of motion and the patients' subjective symptoms. The fractures were divided into either severe fractures consisting of two or more skeletal injuries or simple fractures consisting of only one skeletal injury. Successful operation, i.e. congruency of the joint, was seen in 50 per cent of the severe and in 73 per cent of the simple fractures (significant, P less than 0.001). Disability was significantly more frequent after severe fractures and with incongruent joints. This study shows that the operative technique using non-rigid internal fixation is not sufficient for treating severe fractures, as exact anatomical reconstruction of the joint was not obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Bi- and trimalleolar ankle fractures operated with nonrigid internal fixation.

The results of bi- and trimalleolar fractures treated with nonrigid internal fixation were analyzed in 134 patients. The fractures were of both pronation and supination type. The operative success was evaluated in terms of congruency as seen on the post-operative radiographs. The congruency was classified as either congruent, small, or grave displacement respectively. At follow-up evaluation, four variables were recorded: a linear analogue scale, an ankle score, range of motion, and presence of osteoarthritis. Fifty percent had congruent joints, 20% had small, and 30% had grave displacements. At follow-up examination those with congruent joints had significantly better function than those with displacements in all four variables. There were only minor differences between the two displacement groups. The nonrigid technique seems inadequate in retaining congruency of the unstable bi- and trimalleolar fractures. Congruency is the key to good prognosis. Even minor displacement significantly increases the risk of impending disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of the syndesmotic screw on the extension capacity of the ankle joint.

To investigate whether, when inserting a syndesmotic screw, the foot position effects the range of motion in dorsal extention, 16 osteoligamentous lower-leg preparations were studied. The specimens were placed in a test frame where a constant dorsal extention force could be applied to the foot. The dorsal extention capacity was recorded with a syndesmotic screw inserted by a standardized technique in various plantar flexion positions. The dorsal extension capacity decreased by an average of 0.1 degree for every degree of increase in plantar flexion when the screw was being inserted. There was a correlation between a large decrease in range of motion and a limited dorsal extension capacity to start with. No correlation could be found between a large decrease in range of motion and a large difference in width between the anterior and posterior edges of the talar trochlea. The results suggest that the foot should be in maximal dorsal extension when a syndesmotic screw is inserted in order to decrease the risk of stiffness.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The pronation capacity of the foot--its consequences for axial deformity after tibial shaft fractures.

In spite of the fact that discomfort from the subtalar area is common after varus-deformed tibial shaft fractures no plausible mechanism is to be found in the literature. A mechanical analysis of the problems shows that a varus deformity is compensated as pronation of the foot. A limited pronation capacity could thus be the cause of the pain. Pronation capacity was accurately measured in ten osteoligamentous preparations. The average pronation capacity was found to be 9.5 degrees +/- 7.0 degrees. There was a marked interindividual variation. In two of the specimens the pronation capacity was less than 1 degree. Capacity decreased by 0.21 degree for every degree increase in plantar flexion of the ankle joint. Thus, a small pronation capacity may be the mechanical basis for ankle complaints after varus-deformed tibial shaft fractures. An anterior angulation, compensated as planar flexion, further decreases the pronation capacity and adds to the risk associated with varus deformities.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Supination-eversion ankle fractures sustained during down-hill skiing.

Two cases of supination-eversion grade II ankle fractures are presented. Both fractures were sustained during downhill skiing and both patients were wearing competition ski-boots with all buckles closed. The trauma mechanism is discussed. The only force that can act upon an ankle inside a ski-boot is a torsion of the calf on the foot. It is, therefore, interesting that the supination-eversion-type fracture can be reproduced with this violence. By considering the ankle and the subtalus joints as a torsion transmitter it can be shown that a supination leads to similar forces between the talus and the mortise as does an outward rotation of the foot. This explains why the two different trauma mechanisms lead to the same injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A scoring scale for symptom evaluation after ankle fracture.

A scoring system for evaluating symptoms after ankle fractures is presented. It is tested against (1) a linear analogue scale; (2) the limitation in range of motion in loaded dorsal extension; (3) the presence of osteoarthritis; and (4) the presence of dislocations on radiographs. It correlates well with these four parameters, which are considered to summarize the results after this type of injury, and is therefore considered to assess the symptoms in an objective way. The scoring system is recommended for scientific investigations, as even minor subjective differences in disability experienced by the patient are significantly separated. The use of this system will simplify the comparison of results presented by different authors.

Ankle↗
PubMed1984

Atypical pronation-eversion ankle joint fractures.

Two cases of pronation-eversion fractures, grade four, are described which were sustained during sports activities. However, in both cases the medial structures of the joint were intact. The trauma mechanism is obscure but may be explained by considering the ankle joint and the subtalar joints as a torsion transmitter as suggested by Inman (1976).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Orthopaedic traction device--an analysis of forces.

By using hanging weights as loads in traction treatment, one has to consider the transient forces created in the traction cord when the weights are displaced. These forces are transmitted to the patient who experiences them, at least in some circumstances, as pain or discomfort. In this paper we describe experiments by which these forces are measured. The traditional traction device, using hanging weights, is compared with two other devices. The study shows that by using these new traction devices--one with a clock spring, the other with a vacuum cylinder--as load generators, the transient forces are reduced to a great extent.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1984

Acute carpal tunnel syndrome caused by fracture of the scaphoid and the 5th metacarpal bones.

A case of acute carpal tunnel syndrome in a 19-year-old girl is described. She sustained undisplaced fractures of the right scaphoid and 5th metacarpal bones during a motorcycle collision with a deer. The carpal tunnel syndrome developed within 3 hours of the accident and the diagnosis was easily established since she developed intense pain in her wrist, together with paraesthesiae in the distribution of the median nerve. The carpal tunnel was decompressed within 1 hour of the onset of the symptoms, revealing a fracture haematoma under pressure. The pain disappeared immediately and the sensation was next to normal within 12 hours and completely normal within 3 weeks.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

The variation of the Q angle with different positions of the foot.

The Q angle (i.e., the angle between the rectus femoris and the patellar ligament) was measured on 34 healthy volunteers by use of three different methods: (1) a photographic method, (2) a direct method with a goniometer on erect persons, and (3) a direct method on subjects in the supine positions. The Q angle was measured with the foot in different positions with regard to inward and outward rotation and pronation and supination. It was found that the Q angle increased as the foot shifted from outward to inward rotation. The Q angle decreased as the foot shifted from pronation to supination. The reproducibility of the photographic method was good and gave basically the same values as the direct method on erect persons. However, these methods gave values different from those of the direct method on the supine person. Consequently, it is necessary to standardize the position of the foot when measuring the Q angle.

Foot↗