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C Ohyama

Publications and source records attributed to C Ohyama.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Endoscopic observation for detection and monitoring of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine--induced bladder tumor in rats.

Recent advances in tumor carbohydrate biochemistry have demonstrated antitumor effects of locally administered GM3 ganglioside on mouse MBT-2 tumor. When intravesical therapy in N-butyl-N(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced rat bladder tumor is attempted, it is essential to identify the tumor, to classify its size before therapy and to monitor the effect of the therapy. To establish a more reliable experimental therapeutic system, we assessed the development of BBN-induced rat-bladder tumor by endoscopic observation. BBN-induced bladder tumors in rats were observed serially using a 4.2-F flexible fiberscope. The endoscopic findings were compared with the histopathological findings. Intravesical tumor growth varied greatly between individual rats. The smallest change detected by endoscopy was a small edematous lesion histologically proved to be papilloma. The largest nodular lesion was determined to be a papillary, transitional cell carcinoma. This noninvasive method makes the BBN rat experimental system more reliable by allowing confirmation of tumor formation and classification of the tumor volume prior to therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Expression of globo-series gangliosides in human renal cell carcinoma.

Gangliosides have been shown to be involved in development, differentiation, oncogenesis, and cancer progression. We investigated immunohistochemical expression of globo-series gangliosides in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and whether their expression is related to the clinical course. The expression of globo-series gangliosides was evaluated in fresh-frozen sections of 55 primary renal tumors and 8 metastatic deposits using monoclonal antibodies RM1 and RM2, which define monosialosyl and disialosyl galactosylgloboside, respectively. The immunoreactivity of primary tumors to RM1 and/or RM2 was correlated with the clinicopathological data. Cumulative incidence of metastasis detected at initial diagnosis and during the follow-up period was significantly higher in the cases whose primary tumors were RM1/RM2-positive (RM1 and/or RM2-positive) than in the RM1/ RM2-negative (neither RM1 nor RM2-positive) cases (P < 0.05). During the follow-up period, metastasis developed in none of the RM1/RM2-negative cases which had not shown metastasis at initial diagnosis. High nuclear grade was observed only in the RM1/RM2-positive cases. The RM1/RM2-positive rate of the metastatic deposits was higher than that of the primary tumors. Furthermore, a metastatic deposit obtained from one of the cases whose primary tumors were equivocal for RM1/ RM2 was extensively stained by RM1 and RM2. These results indicate that globo-series gangliosides may be one of the biochemical indicators related to the metastatic potential of human RCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Intrascrotal epidermoid cyst: report of two cases.

A 70-year-old man and a 52-year-old man each presented with a painless extratesticular, intrascrotal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass and was the most useful modality for the diagnosis. Complete excisions were performed, and the lesions were histologically diagnosed as epidermoid cysts. Intrascrotal, extratesticular epidermoid cysts are uncommon lesions believed to be teratomas or the result of abnormal embryological closure of the median raphe. However, it is difficult to explain the etiology of some masses by either of these mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Galactosylgloboside expression in seminoma. Inverse correlation with metastatic potential.

BACKGROUND: Altered glycosylation is a common phenotype expressed in essentially all types of human cancer and has been found to be correlated closely with the invasive and metastatic properties of a given tumor. Because there was no prognostic information concerning aberrant glycosylation of seminoma, the authors studied this topic. METHODS: Glycosphingolipid (GSL) composition of orchiectomy samples of seminoma were analyzed systematically. GSL patterns from seminoma samples of the following three groups were compared after a 44-month postoperative period: Stage I disease with no evidence of metastasis during the 44-month postoperative period, Stage I with metastatic relapse during this period, and Stage II with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. Unknown GSLs detected were analyzed chemically by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. RESULTS: All nonmetastatic seminomas (n = 12) contained a GSL band that was identified as galactosylgloboside (Gb5; Gal beta 1-->3GalNAc beta 1-->3Gal alpha 1-->4 Gal beta 1-->4Glc beta 1-->1Cer). All metastatic seminomas (n = 5) lacked this GSL, although the sample sizes were admittedly small. CONCLUSION: Only the presence or absence of galactosylgloboside (Gb5), but of no other GSL or gangliosides, clearly correlated with metastatic potential in patients with seminoma. This observation is useful in the estimation of prognosis of patients with seminoma, especially those with Stage I disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) in testicular tumors].

BACKGROUND: Proliferative potential of testicular tumor was assessed by immunohistochemistry using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibody and silver staining of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR), and the results were compared with clinical course. METHODS: Fourty-five patients with testicular tumor and 10 normal testicles were investigated. All specimens were fixed with 10% buffered formaliun within 24 hours. The interval between patient's recognition of testicular swelling for the first time and the date for operation was designated as M (months), and the specimen weight was designated as g (gram). Growth rate of the primary tumor was estimated roughly by g/M. RESULTS: PCNA positive rates in seminomas, non-seminomas and normal testes were 70.5 +/- 19.1% (mean +/- S.D.), 80.4 +/- 10.5% and 17.7 +/- 7.8%, respectively. PCNA positive rate in stage I seminoma (64.4 +/- 19.9%) was significantly lower than stage II and III seminoma (83.6 +/- 7.3%) (p < 0.05), but not significant between stage I non-seminoma and stage II, III non-seminoma. The mean numbers of AgNOR per nucleus in seminomas, non-seminomas and normal testes were 8.09 +/- 1.35 (mean +/- S.D.), 6.89 +/- 1.43, 4.18 +/- 1.60, respectively and significantly higher in testicular tumors than normal testes. There were, however, no significant difference between their clinical stages. Logarithmic significant correlation was observed between PCNA positive rate and the growth rate in primary lesion, but no correlation was found between mean number of AgNOR per nuclei and the growth rate. Of the 10 patients with stage I non-seminomas received surveillance policy, four relapsed. Of the 10 patients, 4 of the 6 patients with higher than 75% PCNA positive rate relapsed, whereas, none of the 4 patients with lower than 75% PCNA positive rate relapsed. There were no significant correlation between PCNA positive rate and number of AgNOR. CONCLUSION: PCNA is more accurate indicator of growth potential in testicular tumor than AgNOR and may predict recurrence in stage I non-seminomatous testicular tumor patients followed by surveillance policy.

Carcinoma, Embryonal↗
PubMed1994

[Combination therapy of high energy under water shock waves and anticancer drugs for subcutaneous murine bladder cancer (MBT-2)].

The effect in combination therapy of high energy under water shock waves (HESW) and anticancer drugs for subcutaneous murine bladder cancer (MBT-2) in C3H/He mice was examined. HESW were generated by piezoceramics and directed to the subcutaneous tumor under ultrasonographic guidance. The subcutaneous tumor was exposed to HESW alone (100 MPa, 1000 shots, 3 shots/sec) or in combination with pirarubicin (THP, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or carboplatin (CBDCA, 40 mg/kg, i.p.). Remarkable bleeding in the tumor was seen immediately after the exposure of HESW, destroyed cancer cells appeared after one day and wider and clearly bordered tumor necrosis was observed after three days. In the HESW alone therapy, tumor growth of smaller tumors (< 10 mm3, n = 8) were suppressed more than that of larger tumors (10-35 mm3, n = 11). Tumor growth ratio on the 14th day (TGR 14) (tumor volume on the 14th day/tumor volume on the 1st day) was examined in larger tumors. TGR 14 were 152.2 +/- 146.6 (mean +/- S.D.) in the control (n = 20), 116.3 +/- 98.9 in HESW alone (n = 11), 75.5 +/- 110.7 in THP alone (n = 8), 90.7 +/- 61.6 in CBDCA alone (n = 6), 75.8 +/- 72.2 in THP + HESW (n = 9), 3.2 +/- 4.5 in CBDCA + HESW (n = 8) and 0.8 +/- 1.3 in CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles (n = 9). Evident suppression on tumor growth was more often seen in CBDCA + HESW and CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapies than in the other therapies (p < 0.01). The cumulative survival rates were higher in CBDCA + HESW and CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapies than in the other therapies (p < 0.05). Tumor metastasis was seen only in the lungs of the dead mice after 19 days. Lung metastases were seen in 1/6 in the control, 0/5 in HESW alone, 1/5 in CBDCA alone, 0/6 in CBDCA + HESW and 1/5 in CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapy, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Trans-urethral whole layer core biopsy of invasive bladder tumor].

We have developed a percutaneous whole layer core biopsy (WLCB) of bladder tumor and applied it successfully to stage invasive bladder tumor since April, 1985. We report here a modified method, trans-urethral WLCB (TU-WLCB) and present its clinical results. The patient was placed in the lithotomy position under caudal anesthesia, and a 20 F rigid nephroscope was introduced transurethrally. A newly developed 18-gauge (1.2 mm), 350 mm-long biopsy needle (Crown Core Cut Biopsy Needle) was advanced to the tumor through the nephroscope. A longitudinal transabdominal US was used to measure the distance between the needle tip and the outer layer of the bladder tumor. Because the needle advances 2.5 cm when fired by spring-loaded BIP Biopsy Gun (BIP, Germany), biopsy is performed by advancing the needle tip until the outer layer of tumor is slightly pierced under US guidance. Specimens of all 11 trans-urethral WLCB cases included the muscle layer and adipose tissue, and pathological staging were possible. TU-WLCB could be applied safely to tumors located at posterior wall and covered with the peritoneum. Serious complications were not observed so far. Thus, TU-WLCB may become a reliable technique to stage and evaluate neoadjuvant therapy for invasive bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sonography in fracture of the penis.

Sonography was performed in 7 patients with fracture of the penis and in 6 cases it demonstrated the exact site of a tear in the tunica albuginea. It was useful in the diagnosis and management of these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Shock wave therapy of the rabbit VX2 bladder cancer--THP-ADM concentration in the tissue after combination therapy of THP-ADM and shock wave].

Tissue concentration of THP-ADM was analysed after the administration of THP-ADM with or without exposure of high energy underwater shock waves (SW) to rabbit bladder VX2 cancer. THP-ADM was administered intravenously (2 mg/kg) or into the urinary bladder (10 mg/body). After the administration of THP-ADM, SW was exposed (6,000-10,000 shots) to VX2 bladder cancer or normal bladder tissue. One hour later, THP-ADM tissue concentration was measured by high performance liquid chromatography method. In intra-venous group, THP-ADM concentration of cancer tissue was significantly lower (p < 0.02) in SW group than that of non-SW group. In bladder instillation group, THP-ADM concentration of normal bladder tissue was significantly higher (p < 0.02) in SW group than that of non-SW group and the average concentration of cancer tissue was higher about three times in SW group than that of non-SW group.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

[Immunohistochemical study of globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3) in testicular tumors].

Testicular tumor tissues and various normal tissues were examined by immunohistochemical techniques for expression of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) using anti-Gb3 monoclonal antibody (1A4). In formalin fixed paraffin-embedded specimens (31 cases), Gb3 was positive for every kind of elements of testicular germ cell tumors, especially it's incidence of positive staining were 100% in seminomas (16/16) and embryonal carcinomas (6/6). On the other hand, four cases of testicular malignant lymphoma were all negative for Gb3, and some normal testicle, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, ileum and rectum showed very weak reactivity with 1A4. In frozen materials (10 cases), similar incidence of positive staining with that of paraffin-embedded specimens were observed in drying only manner, 4% parafolm-aldehyde fixation following drying and 10 min. of acetone fixation following drying. Incidence of very strong staining in testicular germ cell tumors were as follows, 7/10 in 4% parafolmaldehyde fixation, 6/10 in drying only, 4/10 in 10 min. of acetone fixation and 7/22 in paraffinembedded specimens. Fixation with 30 min. of acetone fixation and 10 min. of 90% ethanol and treatment with 10 min. of chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) extremely decreased the reactivity with 1A4, suggesting that Gb3 exists mainly as glycolipid. Gb3 may thus be a useful histological marker for testicular germ cell tumor, and the tissue should be treated with the process of freezing followed by 4% parafolm-aldehyde fixation, drying only or 10 min. of acetone fixation, and formalin fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were also available enough.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

Calculous pyelonephritis.

The authors report on 48 patients with calculous pyelonephritis. Urinary obstruction was caused by renal calculi in 21 patients and ureteral calculi in 27. Urine cultures were positive in 87.5% and bacteremia was seen in 70%. The common organisms in urine and blood culture were E. coli, Proteus and Klebsiella. Septic shock occurred in 10 (20.8%) out of 48 patients. Calculous pyelonephritis with urinary obstruction is a very serious condition.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous peripelvic extravasation of urine.

Spontaneous peripelvic extravasation of urine is relatively uncommon. We experienced 11 cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation. Urinary obstruction was caused by calculi in 9 cases, invasion by sigmoid carcinoma in 1 case and ureteral tumour (transitional cell carcinoma) in 1. Six patients presented with signs of peritonitis and 4 out of 9 with calculus did not develop microhaematuria. It is important to differentiate peripelvic extravasation from other acute abdominal conditions. We must pay special attention to patients with signs of peritonitis and normal urinalysis.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Globotriaosyl ceramide glycolipid in seminoma: its clinicopathological importance in differentiation from testicular malignant lymphoma.

Glycolipids were biochemically extracted from 14 specimens of seminoma, 2 of testicular malignant lymphoma (both of which were difficult to differentiate from seminoma with a high mitotic index) and 4 of normal testicle. The pattern of their expression was compared. Marked accumulation of globotriaosyl ceramide was observed in seminoma but it was present in a small amount in testicular malignant lymphoma. Differentiation between seminoma and malignant lymphoma is sometimes difficult by histopathological findings but it is considered to be greatly facilitated by examination of the pattern of glycolipid expression.

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1992

Glycolipid expression in prostatic tissue and analysis of the antigen recognized by antiprostatic monoclonal antibody APG1.

The expression patterns of glycolipid from prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cancer and normal prostate tissue were observed. A further analysis of antigen recognized by mouse monoclonal antibody APG1, which was gained by immunizing glycolipids extracted from human prostate cancer, was also performed. In cancer tissue, both of the lactosyl and globoside series glycolipids were found to be generally reduced, although in the ganglioside series, GM3 and GD3 were not reduced and only the glycolipids with longer chains than GD2 were found to be reduced. These results indicated that the inhibition of sugar chain elongation, but not sialylation, was the main synthetic change occurring with carcinogenesis of the human prostate. APG1 reacted with only two bands near GM2 and GD2 of the ganglioside fraction on a thin-layer chromatography plate, but it did not react with any of the known gangliosides of the ganglioside series including GM2 and GD2. Histochemically, APG1 showed intense reaction only in frozen tissue sections of human prostate, and the reactivity decreased with the increasing grade of cancer. Therefore, this antigen was considered to be a prostate-specific and differentiated antigen reacting with nonganglioseries gangliosides.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

[Small cell carcinoma of the bladder. Small cell lung cancer-associated ganglioside (Fuc GM1) expression].

A 61-year-old male visited us with chief complaints of macroscopic hematuria and bladder irritation symptoms. Cystoscope, U/S, MRI, and CT showed an extensive non-papillary, wide-based tumor centering around the anterior wall of the bladder. Transabdominal U/S-guided full-thickness biopsy indicated a pT3a (Biopsy) primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder containing neuroendocrine granules. Immunohistochemical studies revealed Fuc GM1, an antigen related to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of preoperative irradiation at 50 Gy and intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with CDDP and THP. Since a follow-up full thickness biopsy indicated pT0 (Biopsy), total cystectomy was performed. Examination of the resected specimen also indicated pathological CR.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1991

Changes in glycolipids in human renal-cell carcinoma and their clinical significance.

The expression patterns of glycolipids of human renal-cell carcinoma were studied in primary tumors from 23 cases and 5 metastatic lesions from 4 cases using HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography). The expression pattern of glycolipids in primary tumors was characteristic of the histological cell type. In granular-cell carcinoma, lactosylceramide (CDH), GM3 and the longer-chain gangliosides (gangliosides migrating more slowly than GM3) increased, although in clear-cell carcinoma, CDH and other glycolipids tended to decrease. Globoside decreased in all cases but one, irrespective of cell type. In metastatic lesions of the clear-cell type, the prominent increase in longer-chain gangliosides was characteristic. Furthermore, the same expression pattern as that of metastastatic lesions was shown in 3 of 14 patients with primary clear-cell carcinoma, all of whom developed metastases soon after radical nephrectomy. These studies indicate that the increased expression of the longer-chain gangliosides in primary tumor is one of the factors associated with high metastatic potential, and also predict early post-operative development of metastasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

High energy underwater shock wave treatment on implanted urinary bladder cancer in rabbits.

The effects of focused high energy shock waves (SW) on the implanted urinary bladder cancer in rabbits were examined. The bladder cancer was exposed to 2000 to 8000 shots of focused SW under ultrasound guidance. Although only focal necrosis of the tumor was seen in the one day SW exposure, wider and deeper tumor necrosis was observed in the tumors following serial SW (2000 to 6000 shots, for two to three days). Eight to 10 day serial SW exposure (6000 to 8000 shots) decreased the tumor growth in comparison with that of the control. Lung metastases examined by periodic chest X-ray after SW treatment revealed that SW did not promote lung metastases. Pathological findings were also in accord with the X-ray examinations. Polyclonal antibody type 4 collagen was used for immunohistochemical staining of vascular wall in bladder cancer. Vascular wall destruction, not found in spontaneous necrotic tumor, were clearly visible in SW induced necrotic area. SW induces vascular damage in the tumor, which may be the primary cause promoting the tumor necrosis.

Animals↗