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Biomedical subjects

C O'Callaghan

Publications and source records attributed to C O'Callaghan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nebulised sodium cromoglycate in infancy: airway protection after deterioration.

Over a two year period 100 infants with histories of wheeze were challenged with nebulised water. They were sedated and lung function measured by total body plethysmography. Thirteen of the 53 infants who developed bronchoconstriction after challenge with nebulised water were given nebulised sodium cromoglycate and rechallenged with nebulised water. All infants were initially challenged with normal saline, after which there was no significant change in lung function. After challenge with nebulised water and sodium cromoglycate there were significant decreases in specific conductance compared with those found after challenge with normal saline. After rechallenge with nebulised water there was no deterioration in lung function. Although sodium cromoglycate caused a deterioration in lung function in these infants, it protected their airways from challenge with nebulised water.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1990

Neonatal cilia: ultrastructure.

The number of inner and outer dynein arms and gross cilial abnormalities of well newborn children and adults were similar. Inability to see all nine outer dynein arms in healthy adults may be due to technique and not recent infection or congenital cilial malformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Particle size of beclomethasone dipropionate produced by two nebulisers and two spacing devices.

An impactor method was used to assess the amount of beclomethasone dipropionate in particles less than 5 microns produced by two nebulisers (Pari Inhalierboy, Medix Traveller compressor with cirrhus nebuliser chamber) and two spacer devices (Volumatic and Nebuhaler). After nebulisation of 3 ml (150 micrograms) beclomethasone dipropionate the amount of drug in particles less than 5 microns was 16 micrograms (GSD 1.1) with the Pari Inhalierboy, and 27 micrograms (1.4) with the Medix Traveller with cirrhus nebuliser. This was less than the amount in particles less than 5 microns after three metered dose inhaler actuations (150 micrograms) from the Nebuhaler (58.2 (1) micrograms) or the Volumatic spacer (46.5 (1) micrograms). The greater amount of beclomethasone dipropionate in small particles with administration from a metered dose inhaler with a spacer device means that considerably more drug is likely to reach the airways than when the same dose is given by the two nebulisers studied.

Beclomethasone↗
PubMed1989

Inaccurate calculation of drug output from nebulisers.

A multistage liquid impinger was used to collect the nebulised cloud from three separate nebulisers. The output of sodium cromoglycate collected was determined by a spectrophotometric assay. Estimating drug output purely from weight loss during nebulisation resulted in a considerable overestimate compared with direct assay of the drug output from the nebulised cloud. During nebulisation, weight loss from the nebuliser occurs in the form of particle formation and also by evaporation. By only weighing the nebuliser chamber before and after nebulisation, weight loss due to evaporation is not taken into account and this is the cause of the overestimation of drug output by this method.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1989

Asthma therapy and a tracheostomy.

A spacer device was modified to deliver aerosols of beclomethasone diproprionate, ipratropium and bromide salbutamol, to an asthmatic child with a tracheostomy, where symptoms were poorly controlled with nebulized therapy. This resulted in a marked improvement in symptoms and a dramatic reduction in the time spent administering drugs.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1989

Why nebulise for more than five minutes?

The output of the drug and the particle size produced by various nebulisers were assessed, and sensible nebulisation times for sodium cromoglycate calculated. Three of the four nebuliser systems tested produced over 80% of total drug output within the first five minutes of nebulisation. We suggest that five minutes is an optimum nebulisation time for sodium cromoglycate using these nebuliser combinations.

Cromolyn Sodium↗
PubMed1988

Problems encountered using temazepam syrup for sedation in infants.

Six infants with a history of wheezing were given temazepam syrup as sedation, to allow lung function tests to be performed. Despite doses ranging from 2.5 mg/kg-4.5 mg/kg only one infant remained a sleep for 1 h, the time taken for full lung function to be assessed. All other infants awoke within 15 min before test could be completed. Three infants developed hiccoughs and three were very irritable after awaking from sedation.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1988

Infective endocarditis in neonates.

Five patients with neonatal infective endocarditis were reviewed, two of whom survived. Infection was caused by Staphylococcus aureus in four and by Candida albicans in one. All cases of bacterial endocarditis had clinical signs of septicaemia, positive blood cultures, thrombocytopenia, microscopic haematuria, and heart murmurs. Three developed skin abscesses early in their illnesses. Three patients had two dimensional echocardiographic studies that showed bacterial vegetations. One of these studies was done before the heart murmur could be heard. We suggest that echocardiography in conjunction with the clinical picture described may help in making an early diagnosis of endocarditis in neonates.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1988

Aerosol treatment abuse.

A 4 year old boy with excellent inhaler technique was found to be abusing his salbutamol and beclomethasone dipropionate inhalers. This resulted in aggressive behaviour and probable hallucinations.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of infants by echo planar imaging after repair of diaphragmatic hernia.

Three infants were studied by echo planar imaging after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Total lung volume and individual lung volumes were estimated using echo planar imaging. In the two patients with left sided hernias, the right lung was more than twice as large as the left. The patient with a right sided hernia had developed emphysema on the right side, and the right lung was twice as large as the left when estimated by echo planar imaging. Echo planar imaging studies took less than five minutes to perform and no sedation was required.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Nebulised salbutamol does have a protective effect on airways in children under 1 year old.

Ten infants under the age of 1 year each of whom gave a history of recurrent wheezing attacks were studied with a total body plethysmograph. All the infants were free of wheeze when studied and were sedated with chloral hydrate. All 10 showed a significant deterioration in lung function when given nebulised water for two minutes with an increase in airways resistance and a decrease in specific conductance at one and five minutes after nebulisation compared with baseline readings. Measurements returned to baseline values within 15 minutes. When the same amount of nebulised water was given 20 minutes after nebulised salbutamol, however, there was no significant deterioration in lung function at one and five minutes after administration of nebulised water. We conclude that the airways were protected against the bronchoconstricting effect of nebulised water by the beta 2 adrenoreceptor stimulant salbutamol.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1987

Successful suprapubic aspiration of urine.

When the bladder of neonates requiring suprapubic aspiration of urine was shown to contain urine on ultrasound scanning, suprapubic aspiration was successful on the first attempt in all cases. Without prior scanning only 36% of first attempts at aspiration were successful.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Subpulmonary pleural effusions in children after cardiac surgery.

Postoperative chest radiographs on 100 children who had undergone cardiac operations were evaluated to determine the frequency of subpulmonary effusions after surgery. Of the 83 patients in whom adequate erect postoperative radiographs were available, 9 (11%) had effusions confirmed by lateral decubitus radiographs. On the frontal chest x ray film, the evidence of an effusion was an increase in distance between the diaphragm and air in the gastric fundus, or an apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. None of the patients examined echocardiographically had associated pericardial effusions. When a subpulmonary effusion was detected diuretic treatment was started or continued. None of the patients had radiographic evidence of residual fluid when they were seen two weeks after their discharge from hospital.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Can the rapid semiquantitative estimation of serum C reactive protein be adapted for the management of bacterial infection?

Serum C reactive protein concentrations measured by a laboratory based assay were compared with the semiquantitative results obtained with a visual agglutination method (Well-cotest, CRP kit). Using this agglutination kit, diluting serum 1/10 and 1/20 gave C reactive protein results which could be of more clinical value than those obtained using the 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 dilutions recommended by the manufacturers. The kit was also used on the ward by junior medical staff, who showed that after minimal training reproducible serum C reactive protein results could be obtained.

Bacterial Infections↗